Scarp the C.A.P.

The abuses of the Common Agricultural Policy are familiar. Richard Howarth argues that they cannot be patched up but can be removed by abolition of the system that supports inefficient French and German small farmers.     

Formal and Informal Corruption Environments and Multinational Enterprise Social Irresponsibility

Using an institutional theory framework we theorize, hypothesize, and empirically show that higher levels of formal and informal corruption environments found in a firm's operating portfolio are related to higher levels of corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR). Failing to consider corruption's informal dimension leads to potentially false perceptions about a multinational enterprise's (MNE) operating environment, particularly when the formal dimension is low but the informal corruption dimension is high, as is the case in about one third of our sample. Including the informal corruption environment component provides additional explanatory power over the formal corruption environment alone in predicting CSiR and yields a superior understanding of both the formal and informal dimensions of the corruption institutional environment's influence on corporate social irresponsibility levels of MNEs. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.     

氮,磷,钾配合施用对人参质量影响的研究

利用正交试验设计给人参配施氮、磷、钾肥在鲜根重量和人参药效成分－－人参皂甙含量啬的基础上，找出最佳施肥处理组合，用以探讨氮，磷，钾肥与人参质量的关系。     

Exclusionary zoning and the provision of education: An effect of Southern Burlington County N.A.A.C.P. v. Township of Mount Laurel

Mt. Laurel put the housing needs of the poor ahead of the efficient provision of local public services by limiting the ability of towns to use exclusionary zoning. Consumer Surplus Analysis shows that the welfare loss from this change in Northeastern New Jersey is very small (on the order of one percent), and that the groups which benefit are those who have gained freedom of access to new jurisdictions.     

The Cost of the C.A.F

Membership of the Common Market has raise the costs of some food to almost 5 times as much as comparable world prices. Why should the British housewife or taxpayer continue to subsidise inefficient continental farmers?     

A Conversation with John C. Gower

Editors' Note: This conversation covers the extensive contributions of John C. Gower to statistical methodology, computing and applications. It also touches on the pioneering development of statistical computing at Rothamsted Experimental Station and the relevant work of Frank Yates, John Nelder and others who were at Rothamsted. See also the accompanying paper by John Gower (1985) on developments in statistical computing at Rothamsted (see Note 1) and the epilogue from Roger Payne.     

Project analysis using a linear approach (P.A.U.L.A.)

We define a general model (called PAULA) for the valuation, optimal management and selection among mutually exclusive safe projects. By exploiting the formal and financial features of the associated linear problems (primal and dual), we put forward two proposals to define an optimal internal financial law (IFL). They may be used to reduce the multiplicity of the IFLs and to avoid economically arbitrary outcomes.Research projectsCariplo andMurst.     

Ranking and weak consistency in the A.H.P. context

The actual ranking of a set of alternatives is obtainable in a simple way assuming that the matrixA of pairwise comparisons isr-transilive. We show that, in some cases of inconsistency, the weights assigned to the alternatives by means of some well-known methods, suggested by the A.H.P., do not agree with the ranking. Further we introduce a condition, theweak consistency ofA, that ensures the mentioned methods provide weights according with the ranking.     

Statistical Regularity and Free Will: L.A.J. Quetelet and P.A. Nekrasov

In the 19th century, causes of empirically observed stability of averages in settings relating to human behaviour were a topic of intense discussion in western Europe. This followed an extensive study of empirical stability by the founder of modern statistics (and of the International Statistical Institute) L.A.J. Quetelet, published in 1835, in what he called "Social Physics". The eminent mathematician of strong probabilistic and philosophical inclination and Russian Orthodox religious belief, P.A. Nekrasov, took up and modified Quetelet's Social Physics in 1902, with (social) independence seen as prime cause of statistical regularity. Our paper focuses on the role free will plays in the statistical writings of Quetelet and of Nekrasov. The work of the latter has remained little known in general, mainly for politico-ideological reasons.     

基于C3P的工艺设计模式的创新

分析了C3P环境下工艺人员角色的转换,建议工艺人员在概念设计阶段就介入产品设计,及时对设计进行评估;分析了3D环境下工艺设计的输入与输出,并建议以PDM中的数据作为工艺设计的唯一数据源;介绍了Solid Works环境下机加工工艺、钣金工艺、焊接件工艺的颠覆式创新,介绍了基于图解和动画的装配工艺设计及车间看图系统。     

一种适合P2P系统的群信任模型

针对现有的信任模型对网络节点的约束力不足,本文提出一种群信任模型。该模型参考社会学的人际关系的群结构,把若干具有相同属性的节点组成一个群体,对于群内的节点不仅具有单个信任度属性,而且还有群的信任度属性。和其他模型相比较,该模型能够提高对网络节点的约束力,降低恶意攻击的频率和激励节点做出善意行为。     

拓扑匹配的超节点结构P2P覆盖网

文章介绍了超节点结构P2P覆盖网拓扑不匹配问题,分析了当前在研究解决这一问题时面临的不足,在此基础上提出一种在经典拓扑(Topology)和地理(Geography)位置相结合的基础上形成覆盖网的方法MBTG(Method Based on Topology and Geography)。实验表明该方法解决了超节点结构P2P覆盖网中物理结构和逻辑结构拓扑不匹配问题,保证了物理网络与覆盖网的一致,从而节省了文件搜索时间,提高了查询成功率等。