Public information arrival and volatility persistence in financial markets

This paper explores the relationship between daily market volatility and the arrival of public information in four different financial markets. Public information is measured as the daily number of economic news headlines, divided in six categories of news. Statistical analysis of the news data suggests the presence of particular seasonality effects, as well as a strong degree of autocorrelation. Over the period 1994–1998, significant effects of specific news categories on the volatility of US stocks, treasury bills, bonds and dollar were detected. However, the effects – in size and duration – vary by news category and by financial market. It is demonstrated that most of the volatility persistence, as observed by GARCH models, tends to disappear when news is included in the conditional variance equation.     

Credit evaluation,information production,and financial intermediation

Financial intermediaries such as banks, saving and loan institutions, and insurance companies play a large and important role in highly developed economies. The economic significance of financial intermediaries results from their making arrangements between borrowers and lenders more efficiently than if these agents had to trade directly. The intent of this article is to provide a better understanding of the advantage that a financial institution has over an individual lender. This research treats intermediaries as producers of information in the credit evaluation process. The lender produces borrower information that revises the expected profit of the credit decision. Though the production of credit itself holds no economic advantage for institutions over individuals. The opportunity to produce information will provide economies of scale in lending and will help to explain the existence of financial intermediaries.     

No-arbitrage criteria for financial markets with transaction costs and incomplete information

This note deals with criteria of absence of arbitrage opportunities for an investor acting in a market with frictions and having a limited access to the information flow. We develop a mathematical scheme covering major models of financial markets with transaction costs and prove several results including a criterion for the robust no-arbitrage property and a hedging theorem.      

Strategic complementarity of information in financial markets with large shocks

In a simple model of a frictionless financial market with rational agents, the value of private information increases when large discrete shocks independently affect the fundamental value of the asset and the exogenous trading. The complementarity in information gathering generates multiple equilibria.     

Money and liquidity in financial markets

We argue that there is a connection between the interbank market for liquidity and the broader financial markets, which has its basis in demand for liquidity by banks. Tightness in the market for liquidity leads banks to engage in what we term “liquidity pull-back,” which involves selling financial assets either by banks directly or by levered investors. Empirical tests on the stock market are supportive. Tighter interbank markets are associated with relatively more volume in more liquid stocks; selling pressure, especially in more liquid stocks; and transitory negative returns. We control for market-wide uncertainty and in the process also contribute to the literature on portfolio rebalancing. Our general point is that money matters in financial markets.     

Credit distortion and financial crisis

A simple and consistent theory based on credit distortion is developed to understand the origin of financial crises in the emerging markets. We prove that without the guarantee of various government agencies on the credit risk of foreign loans, the interest rate on foreign loans would be the same as the domestic loans, which would eliminate the incentive to borrow foreign loans on a great scale. We demonstrate that the common phenomena preluding the crisis, such as heavy foreign borrowing and overinvestment in real estate, are rational choices when a particular currency is overvalued and cheap credit is available.     

Adaptive learning in financial markets

We investigate adaptive or evolutionary learning in a repeatedversion of the Grossman and Stiglit (1980) model. We demonstratethat any process that is a monotonic selection dynamic willconverge to the rational expectations asset demands if the proportionof informed traders is fixed. We also show that these learningprocesses have a unique asymptotically stable fixed point atthe Grossman-Stiglitz (GS) equilibrium. The robustness of learningto noisy experimentation is studied using Binmore and Samuelson's(1999) deterministic drift approximation. Conditions on economicand learning process parameters for adaptive learning to leadto the GS rational expectations equilibrium are presented.     

Information provision in financial markets

We set up a rational expectations model in which investors trade a risky asset based on a private signal they receive about the quality of the asset, and a public signal that represents a noisy aggregation of the private signals of all investors. Our model allows us to examine what happens to market performance (market depth, price efficiency, volume of trade, and expected welfare) when regulators can induce improved information provision in one of two ways. Regulations can be designed that either provide investors with more accurate information by improving the quality of prior information, or that enhance the transparency of the market by improving the quality of the public signal. In our rational expectations equilibrium, improving the quality of the public signal can be interpreted as a way of providing information about the anticipations and trading motives of all market participants. We find that both alternatives improve market depth. However, in the limit, we show that improving the precision of prior information is a more efficient way to do so. More accurate prior information decreases asymmetric information problems and consequently reduces the informativeness of prices, while a more accurate public signal increases price informativeness. The volume of trade is independent of the quality of prior information and is increasing in the quality of the public signal. Finally, expected welfare can sometimes fall as prior information or the public signal become more precise.     

沪深两市公司简介中的财务信息含量分析

公司简介是公司自愿披露信息的一种方式。目前,不同公司的公司简介中披露的信息情况存在很大差异,其影响因素主要有公司的财务状况、运营状况和所属行业等。不同公司的简介中财务信息含量大不相同,同时总体的水平也不高。事实上,公司简介中的财务信息含量可以从一个侧面反映公司的经营业绩,经营者通过有选择的信息披露以期获取更大收益。     

全球金融市场在动荡中发展

2007年12月,国际清算银行发布了季度报告,对次贷危机威胁下的全球金融市场进行回顾,报告显示,市场遭受持续的信用恐慌打击,主要工业经济体的国债收益率显著下降,衍生品市场创下最繁忙记录,国际银行业跨境债权增长由急变缓（截至2007年6月末）。     

Measuring large comovements in financial markets

A general, copula-based framework for measuring the dependence among financial time series is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on multivariate conditional Spearman's rho (MCS), a new measure of multivariate conditional dependence that describes the association between large or extreme negative returns—so-called tail dependence. We demonstrate that MCS has a number of advantages over conventional measures of tail dependence, both in theory and in practical applications. In the analysis of univariate financial series, data are filtered to remove temporal dependence as a matter of routine. We show that standard filtering procedures may strongly influence the conclusions drawn concerning tail dependence. We give empirical applications to two large data sets of high-frequency asset returns. Our results have immediate implications for portfolio risk management, derivative pricing and portfolio selection. In this context we address portfolio tail diversification and tail hedging. Amongst other aspects, it is shown that the proposed modeling framework improves the estimation of portfolio risk measures such as the value at risk.     

进一步扩大Shibor在金融市场上的运用

Shibor自2007年初在银行间市场正式推出以来,其作为货币市场基准利率的作用逐渐得到充分的发挥。文章介绍了Shibor在各类金融产品（如浮息金融债、企业债、金融衍生品、票据贴现业务等）以及银行内部定价机制中日益广泛的运用,指出了当前制约Shibor发展的主要问题,并从提高Shibor可交易性、理顺同业拆借业务框架等方面就推进Shibor建设提出建议。     

CRM in intermediated financial services markets

A division of a major UK insurance company manufactures insurance products for wholesale clients to retail into their banking and building society customer bases. This paper discusses the CRM challenges of leveraging insurance business from existing partnership relationships, including issues of confidentiality between client portfolios, the strategic use of data marts rather than data warehouses and the sharing of information. It describes the issues involved in implementing CRM, such as rolling out customer contact management and call centre systems. The study concludes with an appraisal of lessons learned, which include a better understanding of who the customers are and which of them are profitable, together with the characteristics that contribute to them becoming profitable or unprofitable.     

Asymptotic arbitrage in large financial markets

A large financial market is described by a sequence of standard general models of continuous trading. It turns out that the absence of asymptotic arbitrage of the first kind is equivalent to the contiguity of sequence of objective probabilities with respect to the sequence of upper envelopes of equivalent martingale measures, while absence of asymptotic arbitrage of the second kind is equivalent to the contiguity of the sequence of lower envelopes of equivalent martingale measures with respect to the sequence of objective probabilities. We express criteria of contiguity in terms of the Hellinger processes. As examples, we study a large market with asset prices given by linear stochastic equations which may have random volatilities, the Ross Arbitrage Pricing Model, and a discrete-time model with two assets and infinite horizon. The suggested theory can be considered as a natural extension of Arbirage Pricing Theory covering the continuous as well as the discrete time case.     

Equilibrium dominance in experimental financial markets

We examine the predictive power of equilibrium dominance inexperimental markets where firms with investment opportunitieshave an informational advantage over potential investors andare permitted to purchase a money-burning signal. Equilibriumdominance often fails to predict well when a Pareto-superiorsequential equilibrium is also available. Instead, equilibriumselection appears to be related to the potential earnings ofa more valuable firm that can signal its type successfully bydefecting from the sequential equilibrium.     

Herding behaviour and volatility clustering in financial markets

We propose a financial market model in which speculators follow a linear mix of technical and fundamental trading rules to determine their orders. Volatility clustering arises in our model due to speculators’ herding behaviour. In case of heightened uncertainty, speculators observe other speculators’ actions more closely. Since speculators’ trading behaviour then becomes less heterogeneous, the market maker faces a less balanced excess demand and consequently adjusts prices more strongly. Estimating our model using the method of simulated moments reveals that it is able to explain a number of stylized facts of financial markets quite well. Various robustness checks with respect to the model setup reveal that our results are quite stable.     

Towards evolutionary game models of financial markets

Evolutionary game models analyse strategic interaction over time; equilibrium emerges (or fails to emerge) as players/traders adjust their actions in response to the payoffs they earn. This paper sketches some early and some recent evolutionary game models that contain ideas useful in modelling financial markets. It spotlights recent work on adaptive landscapes. In an extended example, the distribution of player/trader behaviour obeys a variant of Burgers' partial differential equation, and solutions involve travelling shock waves. It is conjectured that financial market crashes might insightfully be modelled in a similar fashion.     

2010年国际金融市场运行综述

2010年,美元对欧元、英镑先升后降,总体走强,但对日元贬值幅度较大;美元、欧元和英镑短期利率上升,日元短期利率下降;主要国家中长期国债收益率探底后小幅回升,总体降幅较大;主要股指振荡上涨。     

2011年国际金融市场运行综述

2011年,美元指数先跌后升;美元、欧元和英镑短期利率上升,日元短期利率基本走平;主要国家中长期国债收益率先升后降;全球主要股指先升后降。