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1.
This paper looks at whether the tenets of Islam are consistent with the ‘Ten Principles’ of responsible business outlined
in the UN Global Compact. The paper concludes that with the possible exception of Islam’s focus on personal responsibility
and the non-recognition of the corporation as a legal person, which could undermine the concept of corporate responsibility,
there is no divergence between the tenets of the religion and the principles of the UN Global Compact. Indeed, Islam often
goes further and has the advantage of clearer codification of ethical standards as well as a set of explicit enforcement mechanisms.
Focusing on this convergence of values could be useful in the development of a new understanding of CSR in a global context
and help avert the threatened “clash of civilisations”. 相似文献
2.
Bahtışen Kavak Eda Gürel Canan Eryiğit Öznur Özkan Tektaş 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(1):115-135
This study investigates the possible effects of self-concept, self-monitoring, and moral development level on dimensions of
consumers’ ethical attitudes. “Actively benefiting from illegal activities,” “actively benefiting from deceptive practices,”
and “no harm/no foul 1–2” are defined by factor analysis as four dimensions of Turkish consumers’ ethical attitudes. Logistic
regression analysis is applied to data collected from 516 Turkish households. Results indicate that self-monitoring and moral
development level predicted consumer ethics in relation to “actively benefiting from questionable practices” and “no harm/no
foul” dimensions. Actual self-concept is also a predictor variable in relation to “no harm/no foul” dimension. Age and gender
make significant differences in consumers’ ethical attribute dimensions. 相似文献
3.
Paul E. BierlyIII Robert W. Kolodinsky Brian J. Charette 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,86(1):101-112
The relationship between individuals’ creativity and their ethical ideologies appears to be complex. Applying Forsyth’s (1980,
1992) personal moral philosophy model which consists of two independent ethical ideology dimensions, idealism and relativism,
we hypothesized and found support for a positive relationship between creativity and relativism. It appears that creative
people are less likely than non-creative people to follow universal rules in their moral decision making. However, contrary
to our hypothesis and the general stereotype that creative people are less caring about others, we found a positive relationship
between creativity and idealism. These findings indicate that highly creative people are likely to be what Forsyth called
“situationists,” individuals with both an ethic of caring and a pragmatic moral decision-making style. The finding that creative
individuals tend to be situationists, and particularly that they tend to be high in idealism, appears to refute the line of
reasoning that argues for a “creative personality” characterized in part by social insensitivity. Understanding the relationship
between creativity and ethical ideologies has important implications for researchers, managers and teachers. 相似文献
4.
Georg Kell 《Journal of Business Ethics》2005,59(1-2):69-79
In this paper, the Executive Head of the Global Compact shares some of his own reflections on the evolution of the Global
Compact initiative – United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s voluntary corporate citizenship initiative in the area
of human rights, labor, the environment and anti-corruption. Two main themes are addressed. The first considers the Global
Compact’s institutional context, examining how such an initiative is even possible in the historically hierarchical and traditionally
business-unfriendly UN. The second concerns the voluntary nature of the initiative and how it interacts with regulatory approaches.
It explains what the Global Compact has to offer as a voluntary initiative, as well as how it can make a unique and complementary
contribution to regulation-backed initiatives. The paper concludes with a brief consideration of what the future holds for
the Global Compact.
Georg Kell Georg Kell began his career at the United Nations in 1987–1990: UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD),
Geneva. 1990: he joined the New York office of UNCTAD; 1993–1997: head of the office. 1997: senior officer at the executive
office of the Secretary-General responsible for fostering the cooperation with the private sector. Since 2000, executive head,
Global Compact, United Nations, New York. 相似文献
5.
In this study, we aim to investigate how multinational corporations (MNCs) balance ethical pressures from both the home and
host countries. Drawing on theories from institutional theory, international business, and business ethics, we build a theoretical
framework to explain the ethical behavior of MNCs. We apply the institutional logic concept to examine how MNCs with established
logics and principles that have grown in the home country respond to local ethical expectations in the host country. We differentiate
the core values from the peripheral components of a MNC’s institutional logic and propose that a MNC will pursue distinctive
ethical strategies under different scenarios and choose the “right” configuration of core values and peripheral components
that align with institutional environment in host countries. 相似文献
6.
Mathew L. Sheep 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,66(4):357-375
In a world which can be increasingly described as a “society of organizations,” it is incumbent upon organizational researchers
to account for the role of organizations in determining the well-being of societies and the individuals that comprise them.
Workplace spirituality is a young area of inquiry with potentially strong relevance to the well-being of individuals, organizations,
and societies. Previous literature has not examined ethical dilemmas related to workplace spirituality that organizations
might expect based upon the co-existence of multiple ethical work climates, nor has previous literature accounted for the
relevance of the cosmopolitan (external, societal) source of moral reasoning in the ethical treatment of workplace spirituality.
The purpose of this paper is to address these gaps by articulating two such ethical dilemmas related to workplace spirituality:
the “quiet desperation” dilemma and the instrumentality dilemma. Moreover, I propose two theoretical contexts that foster
“both-and” rather than “either-or” thinking, thereby mitigating (moderating) the relationships between climate combinations
and conflictual aspects of the ethical dilemmas. For the “quiet desperation” dilemma, I propose a person–organization fit
perspective to emphasize diversity of individual preferences instead of a managerially prescribed uniformity of spirituality.
For the instrumentality dilemma, I propose a multiparadigm approach to workplace spirituality research to avoid the privileging
of one research interest over another (e.g., instrumentality, individual fulfillment, societal good). I conclude with suggestions
for future research. 相似文献
7.
The emerging concern about software piracy and illegal or unauthorized use of information technology and software has been
evident in the media and open literature for the last few years. In the course of conducting their academic assignments, the
authors began to compare observations from classroom experiences related to ethics in the use of software and information
technology and systems. Qualitatively and anecdotally, it appeared that many if not most, students had misconceptions about
what represented ethical and unethical behaviors in these realms. Clearly, one can argue that if college students are uncertain
about what constitutes appropriate and inappropriate behavior then this uncertainty will be carried forward into their workplaces
upon graduation. Furthermore, if their workplaces don't provide ethics training as a component of a new employee orientation
program, one can project a potential for unintentional violations and infringements of copyrights and law in the field. This
study was conducted among graduate and undergraduate students to gain insight into their attitudes, perceptions and understanding
of some of the relevant ethics issues. A questionnaire of 11 statements was employed that described ubiquitous but most likely
unethical (or surely dubious) behaviors in the prevailing business and academic environments. Each respondent was asked to
evaluate each statement twice (once for “self” and once for “colleague”) on a five-option highly ethical (5) to neutral (3)
to highly unethical (1) scale. The statements were worded such that lower instrument score was associated with higher ethical
responses. The questionnaire's two-part structure was designed to solicit honest answers. The encouraging learning from this
study was that the overall sample and its various sub-samples did not consider any of the eleven behaviors to be “ethical”
or “highly ethical.” It was also encouraging to note that the overall sample and all sub-samples considered “highly unethical”
those behaviors associated with personal privacy or property or outright theft. This indicated that moral judgment and probity
prevail. The discouraging learning was that behaviors associated with the use of enterprise property were viewed as “neutral”
i.e., neither “ethical” nor “unethical.” These findings suggested confusion and lack of clarity and definition around workplace
deportment as it regards ethics in software and information technology use. The current study suggests that additional research
needs to be conducted to define and clarify the issues, which in turn can form the basis for programs to rectify or at least
ameliorate the situation. 相似文献
8.
We address a previous finding in the business ethics literature in which accounting professionals in higher rank levels, i.e.,
“manager” or “partner” of auditing firms, appear to have lower moral reasoning ability than their junior counterparts. Prior
investigations have relied upon a similar methodology for estimating ethical beliefs, namely testing “moral reasoning ability”
using either the Moral Judgment Interview or Defining Issues Test. In the present study, we use a multiple vignettes approach
to test for the existence of the inverse rank-ethical beliefs effect. With only 2 of the 30 vignettes resulting in both managers
and partners being more accepting of the ethically charged behaviors, the results presented here using this alternative methodology
are generally not supportive of the inverse rank-ethical beliefs phenomenon. We also use a multivariate analysis in order
to control for demographic characteristics. Our results suggest that the most robust predictor of ethical attitudes among
accounting practitioners is age, not rank within a firm. 相似文献
9.
William Arthur Wines 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,79(4):483-499
This article first addresses the question of “why” we teach business ethics. Our answer to “why” provides both a response
to those who oppose business ethics courses and a direction for course content. We believe a solid, comprehensive course in
business ethics should address not only moral philosophy, ethical dilemmas, and corporate social responsibility – the traditional
pillars of the disciple – but also additional areas necessary to make sense of the goings-on in the business world and in
the news. These “new pillars,” that we advocate include moral psychology, organizational design and behavior, motivational
theory, and a unit on how society, business, and law interact. This last unit builds upon the work of Francis P. McHugh (1988)
who urged an integration of “disciplines related to business ethics.” Our seventh pillar would encompass an integration of
law, socio-political theory, and policy to demonstrate how business helps construct its own regulatory framework. The concluding
recommendation is for a comprehensive “Seven Pillars” of business ethics approach.
William Arthur Wines holds a B.S.B.A. with distinction from Northwestern University and a J.D. from the University of Michigan.
He is admitted to the practice of law in Minnesota and the State of Washington. His research has appeared in over three dozen
journals including the American Business Law Journal, Arizona Law Review, Economics of Education Review, Delaware Journal of Corporate Law, Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, Journal of Business Ethics, Labor Law Journal, Marquette Law Review, Nebraska Law Review, and The William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law. He is the author of two volumes of readings in business ethics and “Ethics, Law, and Business”, published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. in 2006. This material is subject to various copyright laws. Please do not
transmit electronically, quote, or copy without the prior written permission of the author. 相似文献
10.
Why Wine is not Glue? The Unresolved Problem of Negative Screening in Socially Responsible Investing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of socially responsible investing (SRI) is to: (1) allow investors to reflect their personal values and ethics
in their choices, and (2) encourage companies to improve their ethical, social, and environmental performance. In order to
achieve these ends, the means SRI fund managers employ include the use of negative screening, or the exclusion of companies
involved in “sinful” industries. We argue that there are problems with this methodology, both at a theoretical and at a practical
level. As a consequence, current SRI offerings cannot accurately reflect the values and ethical beliefs they propose to represent.
Moreover, the use of a␣priori criteria is potentially misleading, as we show by discussing examples of glue and wine making. Applying this flawed approach
SRI funds fail to influence the direction of the firms they deem most in need of re-directing. Rather than engaging in the
simple a␣priori assumption that some industries are “saints” while others are “sinners” (Freeman, 2007) we suggest a new framework upon which
the SRI screening methodology could be grounded. Embracing the philosophical tradition of American pragmatism, we suggest
that SRI methodology could be improved by engaging in an analysis based on (1) the actual impacts of the company’s products
and services, (2) the company’s relationships with its specific, real stakeholders, and (3) the contingent environment (social,
economic, political, legal, and cultural) in which the business operates. 相似文献
11.
The global corporate scandals such as Enron, Worldcom and Global Crossing have raised fundamental issues of business ethics
as well as economic, social and anthropological questions concerning the nature of business competition and global capitalism.
The purpose of this conceptual paper is to introduce the concept of “welfare exchange” to the existing notions of economic,
social and anthropological notions of business and exchange in markets and society in the 21st century. Global competition
and business success in the 21st century continue to raise the nature of economic value and the interaction among diverse
actors in international markets, institutions and society. We believe that the nature of such exchange between consumers and
organizations, which can also be termed social marketing, need to increasingly take into account a welfare and ethical component.
In this paper, we introduce our concept of welfare exchange to emphasize the importance of such welfare and ethical issues
in the global business environment of the 21st century. 相似文献
12.
Gerhard Aschinger 《Intereconomics》1998,33(2):55-63
Since the summer of 1997, the East Asian “tiger” nations have suffered an unprecedented bout of weakness, plunging what had
been vigorously expanding economies into a deep crisis. A number of domestic economic problems joined forces with turbulence
on the foreign exchanges to generate a crisis of confidence on a grand scale. The crisis was triggered off by fundamental
imbalances, with a key role being played by the “moral hazard” effect: domestic enterprises had been backed by implicit state
guarantees, and it was always assumed that the IMF would assist if necessary. Then a destabilizing wave of speculation ran
through the financial markets, pushing even countries with sound economic structures into difficulties. This article highlights
the sequence of developments in the East Asian crisis, providing an economic explanation of the phenomenon. 相似文献
13.
Peter Verhezen 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,96(2):187-206
This article argues that attempting to overcome moral silence in organizations will require management to move beyond a compliance-oriented
organizational culture toward a culture based on integrity. Such cultural change is part of good corporate governance that
aims to steer an organization to enhance creativity and moral excellence, and thus organizational value. Governance mechanisms
can be either formal or informal. Formal codes and other internal formal regulations that emphasize compliance are necessary,
although informal mechanisms that are based on relationship-building are more likely to achieve moral excellence. Such a shift
can be viewed as a transformative strategy for overcoming the destructive side effects and business risks of the tendency
within corporate cultures to remain mute when faced with issues that violate personal or corporate values. Genuine dialogues
and appropriate ethical decision-making training can deepen the understanding and create a mindful awareness (of ethical values)
and induce trust that embrace both complying with rules and regulations, as well as inciting creative “ethical innovation”
with respect to human interaction in multinational companies. 相似文献
14.
Sigmund Wagner-Tsukamoto 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,70(2):209-220
The paper reconstructs in economic terms Friedman’s theorem that the only social responsibility of firms is to increase their
profits while staying within legal and ethical rules. A model of three levels of moral conduct is attributed to the firm:
(1) self-interested engagement in the market process itself, which reflects according to classical and neoclassical economics
an ethical ideal; (2) the obeying of the “rules of the game,” largely legal ones; and (3) the creation of ethical capital,
which allows moral conduct to enter the market process beyond the rules of the game. Points (1) and (2) position the Friedman
theorem in economic terms while point (3) develops an economic revision of the theorem, which was not seen by Friedman. Implications
are spelled out for an instrumental stakeholder theory of the firm.
Dr. Sigmund Wagner-Tsukamoto is researcher in business ethics at the School of Management of the University of Leicester,
UK. He holds two doctorates, one in social studies from the University of Oxford, UK, and one in economic studies from the
Catholic University of Eichstaett, Germany. He has widely published on green consumerism and institutional economic issues
that concern organization theory and business ethics theory. His publications include the books Understanding Green Consumer
Behaviour (Routledge, 1997 & 2003) and Human Nature and Organization Theory (Edward Elgar, 2003). 相似文献
15.
James A. Stieb 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,63(1):75-87
This paper seeks to analyze and to motivate a trend toward virtue ethics and away from deontology in the business ethics account
of organizational loyalty. Prevailing authors appeal to “transcendent” values (deontology), skepticism (there is no loyalty),
or Aristotelianism (loyalty is seeking mutual self-interest). I argue that the “Aristotelian” view clears up the “egoist”
difficulty with loyalty. Briefly, critics feel we must “transcend,” “replace,” “overcome” and most especially sacrifice self-interest on the altar of ethics and loyalty. I argue that few things can be more ethical than loyalty to shared values.
When a company and I both pursue the same value X, there becomes no difference between my seeking my best interest and my
seeking the best interest of the company (and vice versa). Hence, the way out of the egoist difficulty with loyalty is seeing
a company’s interests as my own (Aristotle’s third stage of friendship). 相似文献
16.
This paper examines ethical issues involved in the mass marketing of securities to individuals. The marketing of products
deemed “socially questionable” or “sinful” (like tobacco and alcohol) has long been recognized as posing special ethical challenges
(Kotler, P. and S. Levy: 1971, Harvard Business Review
49, 74–80; Davidson, D. K: 1996, Selling Sin: The Marketing of Socially Unacceptable Products (Quorum Press, Westport). We contend that marketers should consider securities (i.e. common stock, options) in a similar
vein, as a potentially dangerous product. Given the inherent volatility of equity prices, responsible marketers need to exercise
caution and restraint in promoting securities. We evaluate whether the NYSE’s current guidelines adequately encourage ethical
marketing practices and deter unethical ones. Using recent examples of controversial brokerage advertisements, we expose weaknesses
in the Exchange’s vague injunction that members not “mislead” reasonable people by making “exaggerated claims” in their communications.
From a moral perspective, we find it troublesome that intentionality need not be present for a promotion to be considered
misleading. Also problematic is the continued invocation of the reasonable person standard to judge the propriety of advertisements.
We close with some thoughts on improving the quality of securities marketing. We suggest that the NYSE, in the interests of
fostering higher ethical behavior among member marketers, may need to revive a marketing code of conduct prevalent on Wall
Street in an earlier era. 相似文献
17.
D. Ladkin 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,65(1):87-98
This paper offers an alternative to deontological and utilitarian approaches to making ethical decisions and taking good actions
by organisational leaders. It argues that the relational and context-dependent nature of leadership necessitates reference
to an ethical approach which explicitly takes these aspects into account. Such an approach is offered in the re-conceptualisation
of ethical action on the part of leaders as a process of “coming into right relation” vis-à-vis those affected by their decisions
and actions. Heidegger’s notion of “dwelling” is explored as a means of “coming into right relation”. Three aspects of dwelling:
“staying with”, “comportment” and “active engagement” are described and ways in which they might be practically enacted by
leaders are suggested. The paper concludes by reflecting on the ways adopting a “dwelling” approach to resolving ethical issues
implies a re-conceptualisation of leadership itself. 相似文献
18.
This article is an attempt to understand ethical theory not just as a set of well-developed philosophical perspectives but
as a range of moral capacities that human beings more or less grow into over the course of their lives. To this end, we explore
the connection between formal ethical theories and stage developmental psychologies, showing how individuals mature morally,
regarding their duties, responsibilities, ideals, goals, values, and interests. The primary method is to extract from the
writings of Kohlberg and his students the cues that help to flesh out a developmental picture of a wide range of ethical perspectives.
Thus, developmental psychology benefits from gaining a broader understanding of “morality” and “ethics,” and ethical theory
benefits from a richer understanding of how moral maturity arises from youthful beginnings in juvenile and adolescent thinking.
Results of this study offer insight into the difficulty of teaching ethics and a refined ability to assess moral maturity
in business activity.
F. Neil Brady is the Jack R. Wheatley Professor of Management Ethics in the Romney Institute of Public Management and a member
of the Ethics Group at the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University. He has published over thirty articles
on ethics in a variety of journals including the Academy of Management Review, Administration & Society, and the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. He has authored Ethical Managing (Macmillan 1990) and edited Ethical Universals in International Business (Springer Verlag 1996). For twenty years, his research has focused on the application of ethical theory to managerial decisions.
David W. Hart is assistant professor of public management in the Romney Institute of Public Management and a member of the
Ethics Group at the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University. He received his PhD from the State University
of New York at Albany. His current research focuses on administrative ethics, business-government interaction, and the external
environment of organizations. He has published in a variety of journals and is the co-author of a book. Wall Street Polices Itself: How Securities Firms Manage the Legal Hazards of Competitive Pressures (Oxford University Press, 1998). 相似文献
19.
Stakeholder Perspectives on CSR of Mining MNCs in Argentina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article examines the conceptualisation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of mining multinationals
(MNCs) in Argentina. It explores the suitability of CSR for addressing social, environmental and economic issues associated
with mining in the country. The study is based on interviews with four stakeholder groups in the country: government, civil
society, international financial organisations, and mining industry. These are analysed using content and interpretative techniques
and supplemented by the content analysis of secondary data from headquarters of mining MNCs. Using the concept of corporate
social responsibility orientation (CSRO), the study contrasts the perceptions of major stakeholders and examines adaptation
of mining companies’ CSRO to local context. It reveals that the CSRO of mining managers in Argentina differs from CSRO developed
by global headquarters; and in Argentina companies “negotiate” economic, environmental and legal dimensions of CSR with the
government. Although companies “negotiate” philanthropic responsibilities with the communities, ethical responsibilities are
defined by the headquarters and not negotiated locally. The analysis suggests that environmental duties are the critical element
of CSR in the mining sector in Argentina. This study treats environment as a separate dimension of corporate responsibility
defined as to do “what is safe for the environment”. 相似文献
20.
Xiaoming Zheng Weichun Zhu Haibo Yu Xi Zhang Lu Zhang 《Frontiers of Business Research in China》2011,5(2):179-198
In light of a series of ethical scandals in China in recent years, this research aims to develop a reliable and valid scale
to measure ethical leadership, namely the “ethical leadership measure (ELM).” Our results show that ELM is strongly and positively
correlated with scales for authentic leadership, ethical leadership, idealized influence, and a recently-developed leadership
virtues questionnaire (LVQ); and negatively correlated with laissez-faire leadership and passive management by exception.
ELM is also found to be positively related to followers’ job satisfaction, affective commitment, trust in leader, organizational
citizenship behavior, and moral identity, and negatively related to followers’ intention to quit. 相似文献