EPC模式下设计阶段的工程项目成本控制

EPC模式下项目成本控制的主要环节包括设计阶段、采购阶段和施工阶段。设计阶段是项目建设的源头,这一阶段的工作对整个项目的造价影响程度最大,本文从设计阶段的成本控制特点,对设计阶段成本控制进行了初步的探讨。     

电工电子学教学改革的探索与实践——论四段式教学模式

本文提出了关于电工学实行"四段式"教学模式的设想。四段式教学是指:感性认识阶段、理论教学阶段、实践教学阶段、综合提高阶段。通过这种四段式教学体系的初步实践及教学效果的反馈,深刻体会到这种教学模式能够进一步开发学生的创造性思维,培养学生的动手能力,引导学生培养自学能力。让学生在学习理论知识前学会提出问题,在学习理论知识后学会发现新问题,从而能够通过自学不断的将新知识填充到自己的知识框架中,这样学生就掌握了科学研究的基本方法(提出问题-解决问题-提出新问题),具备了很强的适应能力和可持续发展的能力,将终身受益。     

Modeling social,economic, and health perspectives for optimal pandemic policy decision-making

While different control strategies in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic have helped decrease the number of infections, these strategies have had an adverse economic impact on businesses. Therefore, optimal timing and scale of closure and reopening strategies are required to prevent both different waves of the pandemic and the negative economic impact of control strategies. This paper proposes a novel multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MOMILP) formulation, which results in the optimal timing of closure and reopening of states and industries in each state to mitigate the economic and epidemiological impact of a pandemic. The three objectives being pursued include: (i) the epidemiological impact, (ii) the economic impact on the local businesses, and (iii) the economic impact on the trades between industries. The proposed model is implemented on a dataset that includes 11 states, the District of Columbia, and 19 industries in the US. The solved by augmented ε-constraint approach is used to solve the multi-objective model, and a final strategy is selected from the set of Pareto-optimal solutions based on the least cubic distance of the solution from the optimal value of each objective. The Pareto-optimal solutions suggest that for any control decision (state and industry closure or reopening), the economic impact and the epidemiological impact change in the opposite direction, and it is more effective to close most states while keeping the majority of industries open during the planning horizon.     

Asia-Pacific Tiers of Change

This article starts by outlining five explanations of economic growth and four stages of economic development in the Asia-Pacific region. the developed countries there include Japan, Australia and New Zealand. the ‘Asian tigers’ of Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan form a top tier of post-Japan industrialisers. A second generation of ‘tigers’ includes Malaysia in the vanguard, with Thailand and the PRC following. A third tier of industrialisers may include countries as diverse as Vietnam, the Philippines and Indonesia and, perhaps, the countries of the Indian sub-continent. Such a classification provides a context for discussing various approaches to human resources and industrial relations issues in this article and the ones that follow.     

Sustainabilty integration in product portfolio for sustainable development: Findings from the industry

Many companies decide which services, products, and technologies to include in their product portfolio using evaluation criteria, which often consider cost, quality, risk, revenue, time, and market position. Incorporating sustainability in the portfolio evaluation criteria could ensure the development of sustainable solutions from the early stages of the product development process, where there is more room for innovation. The aim of this paper is to understand how sustainability can be integrated in the company portfolio development. Semi-structured interviews were performed with experts in the field and representatives from multinational manufacturing companies with operations in Sweden. Main findings from this study include a proposed definition of a sustainability product portfolio concept and suggested portfolio evaluation criteria from an industry perspective. Future research will develop a method to guide manufacturing companies in sustainability integration and implementation in product portfolios.     

高技术产业扶持政策阶段性特征及效果研究——以中国芯片产业为例

本文以中国芯片产业为例对高技术产业政策效果进行研究,发现产业扶持政策在不同阶段的侧重点、扶持方式和支持力度有所差异,早期政策对减轻企业税负作用显著,而中期政策在地方层面落实较好,促进了产业投资基金的成立,对产业投资以及产业重组升级作用显著。鉴于此,本文建议适度延长税收优惠政策期限,扩大政策落实区域,提高政策精准度与效率,加强政策对自主研发、技术引进和产业升级的积极影响,出台政策以帮助企业提升在专利和跨国并购方面的专业性水平。     

司法场域中的会计功能与应用

司法会计是通过特定人员运用会计技术来实现会计监督功能,从而为案件性质的确认以及刑事责任的划分提供技术保障。司法会计的主要应用方式体现为司法会计检查活动和司法会计鉴定活动两种类型,包括侦查阶段、审查起诉阶段及审判阶段的司法会计等层面。本文认为,应严格规范司法会计专业人员资格,加强司法会计工作管理和监督,制定司法会计的诉讼活动准则,以保障司法会计活动依法进行。     

Credit market segmentation,essentiality of commodities,and supermodularity

We consider incomplete market economies where agents are subject to price-dependent trading constraints compatible with credit market segmentation. Equilibrium existence is guaranteed when either commodities are essential, i.e, indifference curves through individuals’ endowments do not intersect the boundary of the consumption set, or utility functions are concave and supermodular. The smoothness of mappings representing preferences, financial promises, or trading constraints is not required. Hence, we may include in our framework economies where ambiguity is allowed and agents maximize the minimum expected utility over a set of priors, or where markets include non-recourse collateralized loans.     

物流管理实验教学模式探讨

从培养学生具有良好专业技能的角度出发,从掌握物流管理基本要求、提高要求、动手设计的三个层次考虑,物流管理专业应设计基本性实验、提高性实验、研究创新性实验。"感知→质疑→发现问题→总结→自主学习→参与"的实验教学模式能够反映学生的主体地位,注重其物流管理专业能力的提高,培养了学生学习物流管理的兴趣,有利于培养学生的创造性思维能力,是一种适合物流管理实验的教学模式。     

Reason,Intuition, and Time

We study the influence of reason and intuition on decision‐making over time. Facing a sequence of similar problems, agents can either decide rationally according to expected utility theory or intuitively according to case‐based decision theory. Rational decisions are more precise but create higher costs, though these costs may decrease over time. We find that intuition will outperform reason in the long run if individuals are sufficiently ambitious. Moreover, intuitive decisions are prevalent in the early and late stages of a learning process, whereas reason governs decisions in intermediate stages. Examples range from playing behavior in games like chess to professional decisions during a manager's career. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Supply chain immune system: concept,framework, and applications

Behind every product and service is a supply chain. These supply chains are extremely complex and vulnerable to multifarious risks that threaten their performance and stability, ranging from simple machine or truck breakdowns to catastrophic natural disasters. This paper presents a novel framework for supply chain risk management based on the analogy of the biological immune system, which has multiple layers of increasing sophistication to neutralise a variety of risks. The various layers include: physical barriers, innate response, and adaptive response. The working of the framework is explained with an illustrative semiconductor supply chain. Applications of this framework include short-term disruption response and long-term immunisation, providing planner and manager level insights respectively.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.     

Multiple Temporalities of Policy Circulation: Gradual,Repetitive and Delayed Processes of BRT Adoption in South African Cities

In 2006, bus rapid transit (BRT) swept across South African cities. Within three years of learning of the Bogotá model of BRT, Johannesburg's Rea Vaya opened, followed shortly by Cape Town's MyCiTi, while several other cities are at various stages of planning and implementation. This article traces the circulation of BRT across the South African urban context to expose the multiple and varied temporalities through which BRT came to appear as the only available solution. These earlier encounters, which include the first published discussion of BRT in South Africa in a 1973 conference report, study visits to Curitiba in the 1990s and a failed attempt to implement a Bogotá‐style BRT system in Cape Town in 2003, were instrumental in creating a fertile ground for later adoption practices. While it may appear as if circulated policies shorten the gestation time from policy introduction to policy adoption, these repeated attempts to implement circulated innovations ensure that the turnover only seems accelerated. This article unravels the story of BRT adoption, departing from the theoretical discussions of the policy circulation process as a rapid phenomenon, instead demonstrating that it is gradual, repetitive and at times delayed.     

基于价值链(VC)发展的制造企业业务流程再造(BPR)实证研究

以价值链工程发展为基础,从深度和广度两个层面对业务流程再造进行剖析;指出BPR随着价值链的发展经历了四个阶段:企业局部流程再造,企业整体流程再造,多个企业间流程再造(虚拟企业)和循环经济模式下流程再造(绿色价值链);并分析了每个阶段BPR的特点。再以制造企业为例,引用相应的案例进行实证分析,从而指出企业获得核心竞争力的途径之一就是不断进行价值链的重组;实际上,也就是根据企业自身发展,以价值链为核心,对业务流程进行再造。     

Job congruence, academic achievement, and earnings

This study combines a widely held view of how earnings are related to education and job tenure (The Mincer model¹) with the notion that earnings are associated with the quality of an employer–employee job match. The quality of an individual's occupational choice is measured using job congruence, a commonly-used construct in the psychometric literature. Better-matched individuals should be more productive and, as a result, have higher earnings. Previous studies were unable to address the importance of job preferences to earnings because available data do not include both job congruence and individual earnings. The Alumni Outcomes Survey, recently produced by ACT Inc., is among the first data sets to include both variables. We use these data to estimate the importance of job congruence on earnings after controlling both for job tenure and for academic achievement, measured by an individual's ACT score. Results indicate that job congruence is positively correlated with earnings, and has effects on earnings that are of almost equal magnitude with years of education.     

Workplace Performance,Worker Commitment,and Loyalty

Using matched employer–employee level data drawn from the 2004 UK Workplace and Employee Relations Survey, we explore the determinants of a measure of worker commitment and loyalty (CLI) and whether CLI influences workplace performance. Factors influencing employee commitment and loyalty include age and gender, whilst workplace level characteristics of importance include human resource (HR) practices. With respect to the effects of employee commitment and loyalty upon the workplace, higher CLI is associated with enhanced workplace performance. Our findings that workplace HRs influence CLI suggest that employers may be able to exert some influence over the commitment and loyalty of its workforce, which, in turn, may affect workplace performance.     

国内饭店核心竞争力研究的Meta分析

本研究以国内2001-2011年的饭店核心竞争力研究文献为样本,运用Meta分析方法全面总结了国内饭店核心竞争力的研究现状和内涵,发现研究不足,并对未来研究进行展望。研究发现:国内饭店核心竞争力研究经历了初始、繁荣和热度减退3个发展阶段,研究层次和水平都有待提高;饭店核心竞争力的概念、特征、构成与评价是主要研究内容,核心竞争力评价涉及较少;研究对象以星级饭店和经济型饭店为主,缺乏对新型业态的关注;研究方法以传统定性研究为主,缺乏定量研究方法和复杂统计方法的使用。     

Cooperation and change in union settings: Problems and opportunities

This article examines the increased levels of change and cooperation that have recently occurred in union settings. The article reports the results of interview data from 33 union/management relationships studied over a four- to seven-year period. The types of change programs discussed include productivity sharing plans, (for example, Scanlon, Rucker, and Improshare plans), area and in-plant labor/management committees, quality circles, and quality of work life projects. The focus of the article is on the problems of implementing cooperative strategies. These occur at three stages in the process: (1) establishing the cooperative framework; (2) establishing the boundaries between the cooperative and adversary processes; (3) factors interfering with continuing commitment. The author concludes with a discussion of the implications for government, management, and unions.     

Agglomeration, Dispersion, and the Pioneer Firm

This paper models industry location as a process of successive stages of agglomeration, dispersion, and reagglomeration. External economies lead firms to agglomerate in an industry center. Agglomeration drives up wages in the center, compelling firms to move low-skill activities to low-wage regions. A pioneer firm provides intermediation services between outlying regions and the center. The result is a regional production network: an industry center served by high-volume production sites, where pioneers are active, and low-volume production sites, where they are not. Evidence from the Mexican garment industry supports the theory.