产业集群——东道国吸引FDI的特殊优势分析

外国直接投资在全球经济发展中明显表现出集中的优势 ,以产业集群为存在形式的集聚性优势在吸引FDI中起着主要作用。国家层面的基础性优势是东道国吸引FDI的前提 ,次国家层面的集聚性优势是东道国吸引FDI的一种竞争优势。我国应完善市场体系 ,构建具有比较优势的产业体系及管理服务体系 ,以提升我国吸引FDI的竞争力     

跨国公司FDI的区位选择与空间集聚——基于东道国产业集群竞争的博弈分析

区位选择是跨国公司对外投资决策的重要内容。近年来,跨国公司FDI的区位选择呈现出空间集聚的新趋向,但地区发展很不平衡。古诺博弈分析表明,跨国公司与东道国集群企业进行产量竞争的优势在于其较低的边际成本和缺乏需求弹性的东道国产业集群市场结构;同时东道国产业集群开放度也是跨国公司FDI区位选择的重要影响因素,集群开放度越高,越能吸引更多的跨国公司集聚到产业集群的竞争中来。     

产业集群吸引FDI的动态累积优势分析

全球的FDI呈现出高度集中的趋势,并有明显的产业集聚的特征。集聚经济作为一种新的区位因素引起了普遍的关注。结合FDI产业集聚分布的原因,从静态的成本优势、和动态的累积优势包括产业配套能力、外资集聚效应、产业群的开放度和区位品牌优势五个方面分析产业集群对FDI的影响因素,并配以案例对这些因素进行说明,同时制定出相应的对策。     

服务业FDI能促进服务业集聚吗

本文从服务业FDI的影响因素出发,探讨服务业FDI和服务业集聚之间的内生互动机理,研究发现,服务业的集聚性优势已经成为东道国吸引服务业FDI的主要原因,但服务业FDI并不一定能够诱发服务业集聚区的形成和发展。基于中国1991-2009年间服务业FDI数据和服务业集聚指标,本文对两者之间的关系进行验证,以期为区域产业政策的制定提供理论上的借鉴。     

中国吸引FDI国家层面优势弱化的原因初探

改革开放以来,随着中国经济的迅猛增长,中国吸引FDI也获得了长足发展。然而近年来,中国由国家层面所表现出来的吸引FDI的显性的决定性优势正在弱化为一种潜在的基础性优势。本文从要素成本因素、市场特征因素、贸易壁垒因素、政府政策因素四个方面分析了中国吸引FDI国家层面优势弱化的原因并作结。     

我国吸引跨国公司设立地区总部的区位优势分析

跨国公司地区总部承担着制定区域性经营战略和协调区域内众多子公司生产、销售、物流、研究与开发、资金统筹、人力资源培养等经营活动的职能。它的区位发展提升了东道国及所在区域的竞争力。近年来跨国公司在华设立地区总部数量一直不断上升,我国在吸引方面有哪些区位优势呢,这是本文研究的重点。     

集聚效应与农业外商直接投资的区位选择——基于1999-2009年中国省际面板数据分析

传统观点认为,农业因其产业链和分工较为简单等原因,相对来说并不易于形成空间集聚,因而,农业FDI的区位选择不存在集聚效应的影响。然而,本文通过统计分析和计量分析发现,农业FDI在中国的区位分布具有明显的空间集聚的特征,这种空间集聚产生的外部性利益,吸引了新进的农业FDI继续定位于这些地区。而且,随着时间的推移,由于因果循环的作用,农业FDI存量越大的地区,吸引的农业外资就会越多;而缺乏足够农业FDI存量的地区,就更加难以吸引农业外资的流入。集聚效应使得农业FDI地区分布的差距逐步扩大。     

谈FDI引进与江西外贸竞争优势的提升

利用外商直接投资(FDI)的根本目的应该是培养自己的创新能力,提高工业制成品,特别是高技术含量产品的出口竞争力,推动产业结构的优化,促进出口结构向高技术产品出口结构迁移。江西省利用FDI缓解了资金不足问题,促进了外贸出口,但在外贸竞争优势的培育上仍存在不足。本文认为创造充分的竞争环境、加大引资与结构调整力度、注重大型跨国公司的引入、铸造和强化自有知识产权的品牌是培育江西外贸竞争优势的有效途径。     

服务业FDI与东道国制造业效率提升

服务业跨国公司具备所有权优势,为东道国制造业提供优势服务投入。直接层面上,这种优势投入会提高东道国制造业效率,服务业FDI吸引制造业FDI进入,促进制造业出口产品结构升级;间接层面上,服务业FDI通过竞争效应、示范效应、增加东道国服务种类、降低服务价格、导致服务业跨国技术外溢等方式促进东道国服务业发展,进而促进东道国制造业的效率提升。     

上海服务业吸引外资的对策

由于跨国公司在对服务业直接投资的区位选择上受东道国及地区的区位优势影响,使得服务业吸引外资地区分布不平衡。所以,我国尤其是以服务业为经济发展支柱的上海应注重地区优势组合、服务业产业群集,以及投资促进政策的发展,以便更好地吸引服务业外商直接投资。     

How do country regulations and business environment impact foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows?

How do multinationals choose which countries to invest in? This study addresses the essential question of the impact of regulatory variables in attracting or deterring foreign direct investment (FDI). We separate regulatory variables based on different stages of a firm’s life-cycle. Using World Bank data for 189 economies, we examine which host country regulatory factors influence inward FDI. We find that countries with stronger contract enforcement and more efficient international trade regulations attract more FDI. The interaction terms suggest that multinational companies are willing to trade-off a country's poorer institutional variable in return for another where the institutional variable is stronger. For example, multinationals are willing to invest in countries with less efficient entry and exit regulations in exchange for stronger contract enforcement. These results also have important implications for government policy reform.     

对外资企业实行超国民待遇的政策选择

发展中国家在争夺外资的过程中,对外资企业实行超国民待遇的做法愈演愈烈,不同程度地损害了自身利益。对超国民待遇的原因和影响分析表明,超国民待遇吸引了更多的外资,但恶性竞争的超国民待遇也造成对东道国的利益损害,应结合经济发展情况在引资过程中规范并逐步取消超国民待遇。     

农业外商直接投资地区集聚状况的实证研究——以江苏省为例

外商直接投资在东道国一般会出现地区的集聚现象,农业外商直接投资是否会形成集聚呢?本文对江苏省农业FDI的地区集聚状况进行了实证研究,结果表明:江苏省某些地区的农业FDI存在较明显的国别集聚和产业集聚。文章还对农业FDI的来源国集聚和产业集聚原因进行了分析。     

东道国引资政策与跨国企业行为研究

基于东道国引资政策对跨国企业行为的影响,研究建立一个由跨国企业与东道国企业构成的寡头垄断竞争模型,分析跨国企业的选择行为及东道国的最佳优惠政策,结论表明东道国最佳优惠政策与跨国企业直接投资的固定成本密切相关。因此,东道国制定引资政策时应以本国国民福利为首要目标,针对不同类型的FDI给予不同的优惠政策。     

The effects of competition policy,regulatory quality and trust on inward FDI in host countries

This article develops a comparative institutionalist framework to investigate how pro-enforcement reforms leading to a change in competition policy regimes attracts FDI in host countries, and how this relationship is moderated by the interplay between key formal and informal institutions. We revisit the FDI theory by integrating insights from economics of competition policy and the most recent debate on how institutions matter to international business. We contend that the effectiveness of competition policy enforcement is a crucial factor in attracting FDI, but only in host countries characterized by institutional configurations where the lack of trust is concomitant with a high-quality regulatory institutional environment. Our analysis on a sample of 63 countries followed in the 1980–2017 period supports our hypotheses. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding on the competition policy–FDI relationship at national level and has implications for policy makers.     

Exchange Rates and Competition for FDI in Asia

This paper argues that relative exchange rates between the host countries of foreign direct investment affect their competition for FDI. Specifically, if the host country currency appreciates against the source country's currency more than that of its rival, FDI inflows of the host country will decrease, while FDI inflows increase in the rival country. Using the data of Japanese FDI in nine Asian manufacturing sectors from 1981 to 2002, the paper examines the hypothesis in the context of the competition between China and ASEAN‐4 (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand). Empirical results show that the relative exchange rate is a statistically significant factor that determines the relative inflows of Japanese FDI for manufacturing as a whole, and for such sub‐sectors as textiles, food, electronics, transportation equipment, and others. Exchange rate policies of China and ASEAN‐4 played a critical role in dynamically reshaping the geographic distribution of Japanese FDI in Asia.     

The Effect of National Corporate Responsibility Environment on Japanese Foreign Direct Investment

We examine the relationship between Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) and the national corporate responsibility (NCR) environment in host countries using corporate social responsibility and international business theories. Based on data from the Japanese Government’s Ministry of Finance AccountAbility, and other sources, we find that the level of NCR has a positive relationship with FDI inflow for developing countries. The relationship for developed countries is negative but not statistically significant. The underlying host country development stage moderates the relationship. The results can help deepen understanding of FDI behaviors and have practical implications for host countries in terms of attracting FDI.     

Intellectual property rights,FDI, and technological development

This paper presents two simultaneous trade-offs faced by a developing country in protecting intellectual property rights (IPRs), namely (1) between attracting foreign direct investment and deterring international technology spillovers, and (2) between encouraging domestic innovation and suppressing technology diffusion. The optimal level of IPR protection depends on the technological capability of the host country. In less developed countries, IPRs should be just strong enough to induce FDI since international technology spillovers are the dominant source of technological development. A stronger level of IPR protection is instead recommended for more advanced emerging economies as a tool to exploit the potential of their domestic innovators. The results cast doubt on the adequacy of globally harmonized IPR standards that do not consider the level of development.     

Infrastructure Development and FDI Inflow to Developing Economies: Evidence from India

Nowadays, developing economies are becoming the preferred destination of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow. We draw insights from Dunning's eclectic paradigm to explore how FDI inflow is influenced by the quality of the physical infrastructure and human resources of the host country. We investigate various India‐specific infrastructural factors affecting FDI inflow between 1991 and 2010. Our empirical findings indicate that factors like railway transportation and road network as well as the quality of human resources played a crucial role in attracting FDI. However, air transportation or communication infrastructure is yet to play a significant role. Our study makes a modest attempt to identify areas of concern and scope for the further improvement of India's infrastructure facilities to attract foreign investment in the future. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Does quality of innovation,culture and governance drive FDI?: Evidence from emerging markets

This study examines how technology, culture and corporate governance drive inward FDI in emerging economies. A study of 22 emerging economies shows that technology is the major attractive factor influencing inward FDI. Further, FDI increases as technology absorption and innovation capacity increase. The greater the quality of country governance, the greater the influence of corporate governance on FDI. Cultural dimensions such as individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance exhibit a weaker influence on inward FDI, while power distance and indulgence have a stronger influence on inward FDI. Our results support the leapfrogging approach of emerging economies towards promoting innovation and enhancing technology adoption to drive FDI. Interaction effect of country governance further highlighted that the better the governance of a country the impact of technology, innovation, corporate governance and culture in attracting inward FDI also increases.