Entrepreneurship and regional dynamics: the case of Chile

ABSTRACT

During the last 20 years, social and political consensus has afforded the successful gradual implementation of entrepreneurship policy in Chile, transforming the country into one of the world’s most productive entrepreneurship ecosystems. However, the excessive political and economic centralization that has characterized Chile raises the question of whether spatial dependence influences entrepreneurship and what factors have led to this condition. By applying spatial econometric tools to data from 320 districts in Chile during the period 2013–2014, we conclude that there is spatial dependence among districts in Chile in relation to the creation of new businesses and that the immigrant population, the presence of different categories of universities and local patenting capacity are the variables with the greatest positive effect on this dependence.     

Latent and Actual Entrepreneurship in Europe and the US: Some Recent Developments

This paper uses 2004 survey data from the 15 old EU member states and the US to explain country differences in latent and actual entrepreneurship. Other than demographic variables such as gender, age and education, the set of covariates includes the perception by respondents of administrative complexities, of availability of financial support and of risk tolerance as well as country-specific effects. A comparison is made with results using a similar survey in 2000. While a majority of the surveyed population identifies lack of financial support as an obstacle to starting a new business, the role of this variable in both latent and actual entrepreneurship appears to be even more counterintuitive in 2004 than in 2000: it has no impact on actual entrepreneurship and is positively related to latent entrepreneurship. Administrative complexities, also perceived as an obstacle by a large majority of the population, have the expected negative impact both for latent and actual entrepreneurship in both years. Country-specific effects are important both for latent and actual entrepreneurship and the comparison of 2000 and 2004 results suggests that, once all other factors are controlled for, an improvement in actual entrepreneurship in the EU relative to the US has taken place in the last four years. However, in terms of unweighted averages actual entrepreneurship remained about the same. Latent entrepreneurship dropped while this drop seems to have occurred evenly in the US and the EU member states.     

对农民创业融资问题的探讨——以怀化市农民创业培训试点县为例

本文以怀化农民创业培训试点县为例,依托怀化职业技术学院对400余名农民开展了创业培训。通过实践证明,农民创业维艰的主要问题在于农业创业风险大、融资难、政策支持不到位等等。本文主要就创业融资难问题进行研究探讨,分析了农民创业融资的现状及存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议。     

大学生创业现实问题与对策探讨

知识经济时代,创新是一个国家处于领先地位的决定因素。大学生创业能够促进知识、科学技术转化成生产力,能够促进民族自主创新,促进高等教育的改革与发展。培养具有创新能力和创新精神的人才,有利于缓解当前的就业压力,促进社会和谐发展。     

高校创业学课程体系研究

文章从分析创业教育和创业教育课程的概念体系入手,提出了现今创业学课程存在的问题,并且从创业教育课程体系建设、树立正确的大学生创业观念、注重创业课程的师资队伍建设、将第一课堂和第二课堂相结合、组建职能化的保障体系提出相应的对策。     

大学生创业现实问题与对策探讨

知识经济时代,创新是一个国家处于领先地位的决定因素。大学生创业能够促进知识、科学技术转化成生产力,能够促进民族自主创新,促进高等教育的改革与发展。培养具有创新能力和创新精神的人才,有利于缓解当前的就业压力,促进社会和谐发展。     

国际创业背景下企业家精神的适应性调整——以温州企业为例

企业家精神是企业成长和经济增长的重要因素。本文认为企业家精神是一个层次模型,只有通过综合特质、愿景、胜任力和文化网络这四个层面才能揭示企业家精神的全貌,通过对温州企业案例的分析,检验了该模型的不同层次在国际创业背景下分别应进行怎样的适应性调整。最后,本文指出了该研究可能存在的问题,并对后续研究进行了展望。     

产业因素与创业要素对创业影响的案例研究

本研究采用访谈、观察和资料收集的方法,通过对伟邦档案咨询公司创业过程的分析,探讨主要产业因素对创业的影响,以及创业的关键要素。主要目的是以此了解档案咨询机构要创业所应该具备的核心创业要素,以构建档案咨询服务企业成功创业的模式。     

高等教育开展创业教育的研究与分析

本文从经济社会发展对于大学生创业教育的要求,高等教育要适应新的要求,更新教育观念,开展创业教育,培养学生形成创业知识体系、创业意识、创业精神等方面,阐述了高等教育开展创业教育的内容和途径以及注意的问题。     

研究生就业创业难点探讨

分析了当前研究生创业过程中面临的主要问题,通过学校和研究生两方面,提出了研究生走好创业之路的对策是转变观念,坚定信心,积累创业知识和争取资金支持,以及高校应采取的一些对策。     

Entrepreneurship in Extreme Environments: Building an Expanded Model

Interview and economic data from Kosovo are used to expand previous models of entrepreneurial factors and processes. Developing and building this expanded model in a conflict plagued, extreme environment calls attention to the complex role of policy makers in allocating resources and rewards, and demonstrates the importance of recipients using available resources wisely. Entrepreneurial activity was encouraged to create economic vitality in this war-torn region; however an absence of economic momentum (energy from the combination of mass and velocity), resource dormancy, and social irresponsibility present daunting barriers. Constrained into self-employment, entrepreneurs lack provisions and the ability to generate effective economic activity. While entrepreneurship was intended to replace antiquated, inefficient production systems, evidence indicates that foreign enterprises are more capable of satisfying market needs.     

高校创业教育的必要性和对策研究

高校开展创业教育,是顺应我国国情教育改革方向。创业教育是我国高校适应世界教育改革与发展的必然出路,是高校全面推进和提升素质教育的重要途径,是高校适应当前就业竞争形势和实现自我发展的需要。本文阐述了创业教育的必要性,高校实施创业教育必须将创业教育渗透到学校教育的方方面面;提出了开展创业教育的相关对策。     

高校创业教育存在的问题研究

自创业教育的正式提出以来,我国已经在多个教育领域尤其是各大高校开展了创业教育研究。为了适应当今经济社会发展的要求,必须在开展创业教育过程中,正确分析我国创业教育的现状与困境,了解高校创业教育存在的问题,以期能对其健康稳定的发展起到一定作用。     

企业家精神与中国企业的国际化之路

中国的企业在国际化的过程当中,普遍都不是很成功。而根据经典的跨国公司成长理论综合研究发现中国企业并不缺少必要的物质与客观条件,所缺乏的只是正确的战略制定和战略执行的人,即优秀的企业家,据此本文提出支撑优秀企业家群体的企业家精神的缺失是导致中国企业很少国际化和国际化不成功的原因之一这一论断。在总结中国企业家精神的核心时,提出了三个最为核心的要素：创新,合作与社会责任。本文在解释中国企业家精神缺失的现象及其原因的同时也提到了如何在中国企业家当中重构这些重要的企业家精神要素。     

Entrepreneurship and birth order: fact or folklore

Prior research into the birth order of entrepreneurs has supported the commonly held belief that entrepreneurs tend to be first–born children. Traditional birth–order theory and our research question this belief and its supporting research for three fundamental reasons. First, conceptually, birth order does not facilitate the prediction of entrepreneurial tendencies nor does it enable us to influence an individual in the direction of entrepreneurial pursuits, two basic goals of social science theory and research. Second, conclusions from research on entrepreneurs and birth order are inconsistent with and do not support the predictions of traditional birth–order theory. Finally, birth–order research in the area of entrepreneurship has been plagued by poor methodological control of intervening variables such as family size, socio–economic level, and education levels. An empirical test using the necessary methodological controls was conducted. As hypothesized, no relationship was found between entrepreneurship and birth order.     

Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: A Comparative Study of the U.S. and Korea

Over the last two decades, entrepreneurship has emerged as a mainstream business discipline in the United States. Even after the collapse of the dotcom phenomenon, the global explosion of e-business and new business opportunities created by advances in information and telecommunication technologies (ICT) have widely popularized entrepreneurship for new venture creation. But while entrepreneurship is becoming more prevalent throughout the world, its education by country differs according to cultural context. This paper presents the results of a study on the impact of entrepreneurship education in the U.S. and Korea.     

Entrepreneurship and embeddedness: dynamic,processual and multi-layered perspectives

ABSTRACT

Contemporary research has demonstrated that entrepreneurship is a fundamentally contextualized phenomenon and unfolds differently in different contexts. Despite the extensive coverage of the importance of embeddedness for entrepreneurial activities, the research predominantly relies on somewhat static, single layered, and binary notions of embeddedness. We argue that there is a strong need for studies that problematize embeddedness and the relationship between entrepreneur and context. This call for papers, thus invites contributions that explore embeddedness as dynamic, processual and multi-layered, as well as elaborate on the paradoxes of embeddedness?     

人文素质与创新创业的关系初探

本文主要探讨了创新创业教育与人文素质教育之间存在的紧密联系,认为创新创业教育与人文素质教育在素质培育层面上有其一致性,人文素质教育能有效弥补创新创业教育的不足,人文素质教育的内容本身可以成为创新创业的实践对象。实施创新创业教育非但不能摒弃人文素质教育,相反,两者相辅相成,密不可分。     

关于大学生就业创业指导体系的研究

构建大学生就业创业指导体系是服务国家加快转变经济发展方式、建设创新型国家和人力资源强国的战略举措,是深化高等教育教学改革、提高人才培养质量、促进大学生全面发展的重要途径,是落实以创业带动就业、促进高校毕业生充分就业的重要措施。本课题通过对大学生开展就业创业调查问卷,梳理高校大学生就业创业指导体系,参考有关研究成果,在目前国内外对大学生就业创业政策、培训体系、帮扶体系、孵化平台、协调机制研及职业指导体系的基础上,结合山东药品食品职业学院就业创业工作实际,构建立足地方行业企业,结合地方经济发展的大学生一体化、专家化、全程化、信息化的就业创业指导体系。     

高校研究生创新创业教育探析

发展高校研究生创新创业教育是新时代的发展要求和高校人才培养的重要任务。论文尝试分析高校研究生创新创业教育发展的意义,剖析存在的问题,探索解决的方法,以期对加快发展高校研究生创新创业教育提供参考。