Squatting and urban renewal: the interaction of squatter movements and strategies of urban restructuring in Berlin

Squatting as a housing strategy and as a tool of urban social movements accompanies the development of capitalist cities worldwide. We argue that the dynamics of squatter movements are directly connected to strategies of urban renewal in that movement conjunctures occur when urban regimes are in crisis. An analysis of the history of Berlin squatter movements, their political context and their effects on urban policies since the 1970s, clearly shows how massive mobilizations at the beginning of the 1980s and in the early 1990s developed in a context of transition in regimes of urban renewal. The crisis of Fordist city planning at the end of the 1970s provoked a movement of "rehab squatting" ('Instandbesetzung'), which contributed to the institutionalization of "cautious urban renewal" ('behutsame Stadterneuerung') in an important way. The second rupture in Berlin's urban renewal became apparent in 1989 and 1990, when the necessity of restoring whole inner-city districts constituted a new, budget-straining challenge for urban policymaking. Whilst in the 1980s the squatter movement became a central condition for and a political factor of the transition to "cautious urban renewal," in the 1990s large-scale squatting — mainly in the eastern parts of the city — is better understood as an alien element in times of neoliberal urban restructuring.     

论城市改造的谨慎更新理论与实践——以柏林为例

城市改造是城市研究与实践中一个极具争议性的论题。本文以德国首都柏林市的城市改造为例,梳理、分析了"谨慎更新"理念形成的脉络及其实践含义,着重考察了从大拆大建向谨慎更新转变过程中所蕴含的有关城市发展理念和政治经济格局等多重因素的相互作用,以期对我国的城市改造有所启示。     

经理人职业化研究

经理人职业化是一种社会结构,也是经理人职业群体得以发展的制度保证。文章首先运用比较制度分析的方法,分析了美国铁路职业经理人的产生和山西票号中东掌关系建立的基础,提出经理人职业化的本质是要在契约各方达成有利于分工的“共有信念”。然后文章阐述了以现代测量和评价技术为核心的经理人任职资格评价和认证的发展与研究。最后,文章根据我国经理人职业化的现状和特征提出了推进我国企业经理人职业化进程的若干建议。     

城市空间生产批判——新马克思主义空间研究范式述评

20世纪60年代后,在西方发达国家出现了基于新马克思主义思想的空间研究热潮.这一研究最重要的特点是将马克恶学说引入空间研究领域并发展成为一种新的研究范式.从其空间批判的基本立场、历史唯物主义的主要视角、城市与城市化的核心内容、超学科的学术特征四个方面对其进行了述评.     

北京城市的开放空间和景观设计——以王府井商业街为例

针对北京王府井商业街公共空间现状的重点问题进行了调查研究.在此基础上,从提升城市生活环境质量的角度,就空间场所营造、景观设计、环境设施、交通规划等提出构想和建议,旨在探索提高城市开放空间品质的景观学路径,并通过该典型个案的研究为北京市乃至其他城市公共空间的设计提供借鉴.     

Postcolonializing Berlin and The Fabrication of The Urban

Postcolonializing Berlin is an experiment in rethinking (Western) cities from the South. It embraces conceptual innovations from thinkers in African, Latin American and Asian urban studies to complicate the stories we tell about contemporary Berlin. My argument proceeds in four steps. I begin by asking what makes the North–South division in urban studies so problematic, and what needs to happen to shake up those categories. Then I share some of my own trials and errors in looking at Berlin‐Neukölln through the lens of ‘the South', before offering an alternative frame, which I call ‘urban fabricating', as a way of inquiring into and perceiving changing urban settings. In the final part, gambling parlours in Berlin‐Neukölln move into focus, where different forms of fabrication are at work: the regeneration officials' vision for the future of the neighbourhood, the inspectors' improvisations on the casino law, and the casino owners' ways of muddling through at the edges of the law. Rather than searching for the one new theory to shake up urban studies, fabricating is, I suggest, an unagitated approach to the actual processes through which cities are made.     

居住区的绿地规划设计

针对如何编制居住区的绿地规划,文章总结了多年的工作实践,提出编制居住区绿地规划时应注意绿地的基本要求、类型、布置方式及空间组织。     

Writing Across Contexts: Urban Informality and the State in Tallinn,Bafatá and Berlin

Urban research has long related informality to a lack of state capacity or a failure of institutions. This assumption not only fails to account for the heterogeneous institutional relations in which informality is embedded, but has also created a dividing line between states. Whereas some states are understood to manage urban development through functioning institutions, others, in this view, fail to regulate. To deconstruct such understandings, this article explores informal practices through a multi‐sited individualizing comparison between three case studies of water governance, parking regulation and dwelling regimes in Bafatá (Guinea‐Bissau), Tallinn (Estonia) and Berlin (Germany), respectively. Our approach to understanding informality starts from the negotiation and contestation of order between differently positioned actors in the continuous making of states. From this point of view, informality is inherent in the architecture of states––emerging through legal systems, embedded in negotiations between and within institutions, and based on conflicts between state regulations and prevailing norms. Tracing how order takes shape though negotiation, improvisation, co‐production and translation not only highlights how informality constitutes a modus operandi in the everyday workings of the state in all three cases, but also provides a way to talk across these cases, i.e. to bring them together in one frame of analysis and overcome their presumed incommensurability.     

重塑都市人性化公共空间——关于武汉市江汉路步行街的调查与分析

采用现场观察和问卷调查的研究方式,将武汉市江汉路步行街作为一个典型切片,通过对它的使用和维护状况进行评估分析,获取一个成功的步行街设计的相关因素,进而推而广之提出人性化背景下,改善城市公共空间的设计构想和建议,以期探讨一些对于城市公共空间人性化设计有益的规律和方法。     

Residents’ Responses to ‘Territorial Stigmatization’: Visual Research in Berlin

This article deals with the symbolic dimension of the transformation process in a post‐socialist large‐scale housing estate in Berlin after reunification. This reflection is based on the concept of ‘territorial stigmatization’ and I use a photographic method to analyse the representational strategies employed by residents to manage territorial stigma: identifying with depoliticized images of the past, exiting the estate and questioning the very principle of representation. The first two strategies seem to be different ways of internalizing dominant representations of place. The latter differs from the first two in its use of iconic means to challenge the current spatial order and its opening up of possibilities for emancipation. The article thus also shows how photography as a research method can reflect on existing power relations.     

基于SWOT法的我国足球裁判员职业化分析

文章运用文献资料、逻辑分析、SWOT分析等方法对加快我国足球裁判员职业化步伐的内外环境进行了探讨。探讨如何最大限度地利用职业化内部优势和机会使职业化劣势和威胁降到最低为职业化创造条件,实现由业余裁判体制向半职业化体制,职业化体制的转变。     

Between Neoliberal Governance and the Right to the City: Participatory politics in Berlin and Tel Aviv

Based on a comparison of Berlin and Tel Aviv, this article investigates the ways in which ensembles of participatory instruments mediate between neoliberal urban regimes and political agency shaping differentially the meaning of participation and the types of claims that can be advanced. The article gives an overview of the recent history of both cities through the lens of participatory politics. Two in‐depth case studies further examine the relationship between participatory politics and claim making in each setting: the recent conflict over a social center in the district of Friedrichshain‐Kreuzberg in Berlin and the Levinsky tent city of 2011 in Tel Aviv. In the concluding section, the article suggests that, rather than assuming that participatory tools either co‐opt movements or can be appropriated by them, we need to rethink the relationship between participatory tools, rights and recognition, and ask how participatory structures and political agency constitute each other in interwoven dynamics.     

城市立交桥下空间的利用与设计

分析了立交桥下空间利用现状,针对桥下空间形态、桥墩形态的特征及功能利用取向,从公共性与适宜性结合、个性化与人性化结合、连续性与整体性结合、艺术性与生态性结合、安全性与适度性结合等六个方面,探讨了桥下空间的利用及设计原则。认为立交桥下的空间环境是一种宝贵的人工环境,应科学地利用这一环境,应从城市设计的角度对立交桥进行综合性的艺术设计。     

城市消极空间的开发与再造

各个城市都不同程度地存在着一些消极空间,如何开发城市中的消极空间直接影响着城市空间的可持续开发与利用。在调查研究美国城市空间再开发与再造案例的基础上,指出消极空间再开发与再造的几种途径,并结合具体案例分析了城市消极空间的积极开发与再造在增加地区活力、促进公共生活、优化城市空间结构、改善空间品质和城市景观等方面的重要作用。     

城市空间的社会与"城市文化资本"论--城市公共空间市民属性研究

城市社会空间作为城市的要素,具有典型的社会关系与社会资本属性,在不同的社会和不同的文化环境中,城市社会空间表现为不同的意义和符号价值.在当代中国城市化高速发展的今天,城市社会空间结构在发生巨变,传统的城市社会空间的意义和理念,被现代意义上的空间意涵所取代,同时,城市化的高速增长,使属于大众的城市社会空间变得越来越狭小,城市社会竞争的本质就是在竞争城市社会空间的占有形式.因此,重新认识城市社会空间的社会属性和文化价值,已经成为城市公共管理的重要内容.本文从城市社会空间属性的角度入手,研究城市社会空间的价值,以求对构建属于市民社会的新型城市社会空间有所裨益.     

大事件营销与城市的空间生产与尺度跃迁

从城市空间生产、尺度跃迁等角度分析了大事件营销对城市发展的积极影响,客观揭示了这种营销型增长策略有可能对城市长远、内生可持续发展造成的伤害,以及对社会发展的不利影响。     

西方城市社会地理学主要理论及研究的意义——基于空间思想的分析

回顾了西方城市社会地理学研究发展的历程,从马克思主义学派的新马克思主义、新韦伯主义,到吉登斯结构理论、后现代主义再到女性主义理论研究,对西方城市社会地理学七十年代以来的研究进展进行了综述.最后就城市社会地理学在中国的研究意义进行了探讨.     

中国大城市空间的"多中心"重组

从介绍国际大城市在构建"多中心"空间结构方面的经验入手,对国际大城市的经验教训进行总结,并在借鉴国际经验的基础上,结合中国"多中心"空间结构成长的复杂环境,提出中国大城市进行"多中心"空间重组的五大规划策略.     

城市空间生产过程中的社会排斥

城市空间不仅是物理空间,也具有一定的社会属性。中国的社会变迁在城市空间生产过程中留下了深刻的烙印,从建国初期的较为均等的城市空间分配到改革开放后的城市空间分异,都体现了当时的社会管理体制、社会关系结构及其变迁。分析了变迁过程中存在的基于结构和个体层面的双重空间社会排斥,并指出这两方面的排斥力造成了目前城市空间分异的现象。