我国信用债违约问题及对策研究

近年来,我国信用债违约事件不断出现,从利息违约到本金违约,从私募债违约到公募债违约,几乎涵盖了所有的信用债品种.违约事件频发背后,反映出我国信用债市场违约风险分担和市场化处置机制不完善、监管与信息披露机制不足、信用评级机构评级质量不高等问题.本文深入剖析了信用债违约背后所呈现出的共性特征,并对信用债违约风险防范方面存在...     

公司信用债违约风险预警与防范研究

我国债券规模位居世界第二,债券市场已成为企业直接融资的主要渠道;同时我国公司信用债违约频发,违约主体几乎涵盖了全部行业,永煤AAA债券违约事件引发各方关注。在此背景下,本文研究了信用债违约风险预警与防范,搭建了债券违约预警模型:一是深入分析了违约原因,提出了经济下行加剧‘债务-通缩’流动性分层导致再融资困难民企互保引发违约风险串联的观点;二是基于KLR信号分析法,以历史违约主体财报数据为基础构建了上市公司债违约预警模型,抽离出相关指标权重构成预警指标体系,并进行了实证检验;三是基于预警模型,提出加强动态监测、构建债券风险分类管理办法等政策建议。     

信用债违约特征与市场展望

从总量的角度来看,信用债违约主体数量呈现上升的趋势,违约主体的行业、地区分布相对较为分散,各主体的违约特征呈现多元化的趋势,受经济增速下行压力加大、民企再融资收紧、股票质押爆仓等因素的影响较为明显.结合微观企业违约的最新特点,在信用风险分析的过程中需要重点关注企业是否发生了投资激进、短债长投、公司治理风险、财务舞弊等问...     

信用债违约风险评估研究

信用债违约风险是信用风险研究领域的重要课题,本文选取2014年至2016年的违约债券样本,基于Logistic建立信用债违约风险评估模型进行了分析,发现信用债的违约风险与发债主体的盈利能力、偿债能力、成长能力显著相关。为检验模型适用性,将2017年、2018年1月至9月的样本代入模型,整体评估正确率达到80%,说明模型可有效识别信用债的违约风险。结合实证结果与信用债市场现状,提出了防范信用债违约风险的相关建议。     

信用评级与信用债违约实证研究——基于机器学习算法

已有研究表明,信用债券违约呈日益蔓延态势,其中一个重要原因是信用评级无法准确提供债券违约风险信息,这也导致了信用评级公信力的下降。本文选取2018—2019年还本付息的信用债券作为研究对象,引入机器学习算法,探讨各评级机构提供的信用评级与债券违约风险之间的关系。研究结果显示,来自不同评级机构的信用评级对违约风险的反映不存在异质性,但对违约风险反映的程度存在异质性：与国内信用评级机构相比,国际信用评级机构出具的信用评级能够反映更多的违约风险;与发行者付费模式相比,投资者付费模式下的信用评级能够反映更多的违约风险。也就是说,尽管信用评级虚高在信用评级机构中具有共性,但通过国际评级机构和投资者付费模式进行评级,可显著改善评级质量。这表明,信用评级行业的对外开放与采用投资者付费模式,对提升我国信用评级水平具有积极意义。     

信用风险传染与企业盈余管理:基于信用债违约的视角

信用债违约事件不仅让投资者损失惨重,还可能通过信用风险传染对非违约企业的经营活动产生影响。本文发现,在市场出现信用债违约后,同城市的非违约民营企业会进行更多向上的真实盈余管理,不过类似的影响在同行业非违约企业中并不明显。机理分析显示,信用债违约事件导致当地企业融资约束增大是非违约企业进行盈余管理的重要动机,特别是偿付能力更弱或融资需求更大的非违约企业将进行更多的盈余管理;并且还发现,向上的盈余管理有效缓解了信用债违约对非违约企业融资的负面影响。进一步地,盈利可疑或者负面事件缠身的非违约企业会进行更多的盈余管理;此外,在金融发展水平较高、经济规模更大的地区,非违约企业受信用债违约的影响相对更小。     

我国信用债违约处置的主要问题及路径

自\"超日债\"违约以来,我国信用债违约处置机制建设不断完善,但仍有一些不足,如交易环节流转不畅、投资者保护力度不足和处置机制单一等问题较为突出,特别是违约信用债无法市场化流转,成为市场关注的重点.在此背景下,有必要深入分析目前我国信用债违约的处置情况,剖析当前信用债违约处置的问题.在信用债违约风险的化解中,应尽快强化制度...     

基于信用债违约概率模型评估债券业务的风险研究

近年来,随着经济环境的复杂化以及信用债刚性兑付被打破,在越来越多的信用债发生违约的背景下,本文结合学者的研究,引入除企业财务指标以为的企业背景和债项利率两个解释变量,对原有的信用债风险预警模型进行改进。并采用随机抽样的方式,检验了模型预测精度。通过验证发现,引入除企业财务数据以外的变量,特别是发债主体背景,能使模型的预测更加准确性。所以,在信用债发生违约时,不但反映在财务状况恶化,还反映在发债主体背景强弱。     

我国违约信用债后续处置方式及效率研究

本文以截止2021年底的违约信用债为研究样本,对其后续处置方式及效率展开分析。在各类信用债违约后续处置方式中,应用司法程序的情形居多,债务重组作为自主协商型处置方式的一种,也得到了越来越多的应用。我国违约信用债处置效率整体水平不高,相对于司法程序型处置方式,自主协商型处置方式的回收率较高,回收期较短。为提升信用债违约处置效率,应建立对违约债券责任方的约束机制,健全持有人会议制度,优化诉讼制度,拓展市场化处置手段。     

Distressed Debt Restructuring in the Presence of Credit Default Swaps

The availability of credit insurance via credit default swaps has been closely associated with the emergence of empty creditors. We empirically investigate this issue by looking at the debt restructurings (distressed exchanges and bankruptcy filings) of rated, nonfinancial U.S. companies over the period January 2007–June 2011. Using different proxies for the existence of insured creditors, we do not find evidence that the access to credit insurance favors bankruptcy over a debt workout. However, we document higher recovery prices following a distressed exchange in firms where empty creditors are more likely to emerge.     

Liquidity and Pricing of Credit Default Swaps in Japan: Evidence from a Benchmark Index for Corporate Debt Claims

This article is a contribution towards the growing empirical literature on the relationship between liquidity and pricing of credit default swaps (CDSs). To the best of my knowledge, the article becomes the first to show that market liquidity does matter to CDS pricing in Japan, by looking into a sole benchmark index of CDS trading for investment-grade debt claims, or the Markit iTraxx Japan (MiJ). The impact of illiquidity on MiJ premia has declined since the International Swaps and Derivatives Association introduced new trade practices in April 2009. The liquidity of the MiJ has increased since the Japan Securities Clearing Corporation started operating as a central counterpart for the MiJ in July 2011. The price discovery ability of the MiJ has also increased since then.     

Consequences of Debt Forgiveness: Strategic Default Contagion and Lender Learning

I use a unique data set of loans to small business owners to examine whether lenders face adverse consequences when they grant debt forgiveness to borrowers. I provide evidence consistent with borrowers communicating their debt forgiveness to other borrowers, who then more frequently strategically default on their own obligations. This strategic default contagion is economically large. When the lender doubles debt forgiveness, the default rate increases by 10.9% on average. Using an exogenous shock to the lender's forgiveness policy, my findings suggest that as the lender learns about the extent of borrower communication the lender tightens its debt forgiveness policy to mitigate default contagion.     

Implied Default Probability and Credit Derivatives

Recently many kinds of credit derivatives are traded in the market. The default probability implied in the market becomes important to price some credit derivatives. Also it is useful for managing the credit risk because it includes the market information. In this paper we show how to calculate the implied default probability in the default swap market or the defaultable bond market.This paper is developed from author’s master thesis (Matsumoto, 2000), Graduate School of Systems Management, the University of Tsukuba.     

信用评级中的违约率、违约概率研究

信用评级是对个人、经济体与金融工具履行各种经济承诺的能力及可信任程度的综合评价，本文通过对KMV评级模型的研究，指出在信用评级中的关键指标——“违约率和违约概率”在评级中的重要意义。     

基于CDS策略的专利融资信用风险违约概率研究

专利融资是一种备受国家创新战略关注的技术知识产权资本化模式,信用违约风险则是该模式运作过程必须面对的关键问题之一。基于信用违约互换(CDS)工具与策略,主要研究专利融资信用风险期望违约概率与实际违约概率的相关性,并分析其参数敏感性。研究结果表明,实际概率通常会低于期望概率且两者呈现正相关关系,同时,风险溢价与期望收益也呈现正相关性,即系统可以通过标准化分析工具调控实际概率,且能在一定程度上适当容忍稍大的风险,从而提高融资效率。     

Default Risk, Asset Pricing, and Debt Control

The pricing and control of firms’ debt has become a majorissue since Merton’s (1974) seminal article. Yet Mertonas well as other recent theories presume that the asset valueof the firm is independent of the debt of the firm. However,when using debt finance, firms may have to pay a premium foran idiosyncratic default risk and may face debt constraints.We demonstrate that firm-specific debt constraints and endogenousrisk premia, based on collateralized borrowing, affect the assetvalue of the firm and, in turn, the collateral value of thefirm. In order to explore the interdependence of debt financeand asset pricing of firms, we endogenize default premia andborrowing constraints in a production-based asset pricing model.In this context then the dynamic decision problem of maximizingthe present value of the firm faces an additional constraintgiving rise to the debt-dependent firm value. We solve for theasset value of the firm with debt finance by the use of numericaldynamic programming. This allows us to solve the debt controlproblem and to compute sustainable debt as well as the firm’sdebt value.     

美国国债前世今生和债务违约之争

美国国债即将违约?对立双方至今仍在争斗不已的美国国债上限之争,把这个平常很难想象的风险推到了全世界债权人面前,市场传言称有共和党议员倡议美国政府暂缓偿还即将到期的美国国债利息,更令各方震惊。作