美国《外国公司问责法案》对中概股跨境融资的影响及对策研究

随着全球经济一体化的加深,企业跨境融资行为愈加常见。1992年以来,累计有逾500家中概股公司赴美上市。近年来,贸易保护主义和逆全球化有所抬头,美国相继出台针对在该国上市的外国证券发行人严格的监管措施。其中,2021年12月2日,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)正式通过《外国公司问责法案》(Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, HFCAA)修正案,要求美国证券交易委员会(SEC)禁止连续三年未经美国公众公司会计监督委员会(PCAOB)检查的外国发行人证券进行交易。该法案以及其额外信息披露要求将提高中资企业赴美上市门槛,增大中概股退市风险,对跨境证券融资环境产生深远影响,亟待关注。本文通过梳理《外国公司问责法案》的出台背景和主要内容,引申分析美国金融安全审查以及金融制裁的发展趋势,进而从多个维度就该法案对中概股跨境融资带来的潜在影响进行全面阐述,并提出政策建议。     

《外国公司问责法案》引发的美国中概股退市风险及应对策略

美国证券市场开放成熟,是中国企业境外上市首选目的地之一。《外国公司问责法案》使美国中概股面临较大的退市风险。中国可以借鉴国际经验,在保护国家安全的前提下加强中美跨境审计监管合作,同时,引导中国企业采用私募发行等方式解决融资需求。为给美国中概股转向非美国证券交易所再次上市和回归A股创造条件,监管部门需完善境外上市政策,完善境内证券市场制度规则,加大证券市场开放,加强统计和监测,积极应对《外国公司问责法案》带来的冲击和风险。     

全球视野下中概股发展历程与展望

<正>自改革开放以来,中国经济金融全球化的步伐便从未停止,如今境外上市已成为国内企业重要融资渠道之一。本文梳理了中概股发展的历史进程,并结合近期美国《外国公司问责法案》颁布引起的中概股退市危机,探讨了近年来中国资本市场的变化以及中国企业选择上市地点的考量因素。中美双方在跨境审计监管的分歧增加了中概股未来前景的不确定性,期待中美双方在这一领域能够达成共识,谱写合作共赢的新篇章。     

在美中概股运行分析与对策建议

<正>随着大国博弈加剧,美国进一步强化对在美中概股的监管,加之美联储启动缩表,作为风险资产的中概股价格波动趋于加大。随着我国对外开放步伐加快,境外上市已成为中资企业筹集外部资金、提升国际影响力的重要方式。美国是除中国香港地区外,中资企业境外上市第一大市场。2020年以来,美国针对在美中概股先后推出了《外国公司问责法案》（HFCAA）、     

会计国际趋同及国外相关组织近期动态

美国证券交易委员会很可能即将允许在美国上市的外国公司按照国际财务报告准则编制报表6月21日,经过投票表决,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)宣布,将在6月25日—29日发布一份征求意见稿,修改现行上市规则对外国在美上市公司使用会计准则的规定。按照目前规定,外国公司在美国发行证券,     

破解中概股退市困局：论中美跨境审计监管合作机制构建

中概股赴美上市拓宽了我国企业的融资渠道,推动了我国资本市场对外开放,也带来了中美跨境审计监管冲突问题。近年来美国利用《外国公司问责法》等法案,要求检查在美上市中国公司的审计工作底稿,使在美上市中国公司面临“不提交就退市”的法律困局。这一困局的破解有赖于中美跨境审计监管合作机制的构建。中美跨境审计监管合作面临着投资者保护与国家安全的边界冲突、审计问题政治化、现行立法冲突、未形成有效且可持续实践等一系列矛盾和问题。对此,我国可借鉴国际实践的有益经验,注重在合作层级、内容规范、形式规范、处罚限制、信息保密、数据保护等方面对跨境审计监管合作安排进行完善,在双边合作层面构建有效、可持续的中美跨境审计监管合作机制;促进国内证券监管机制与国际资本市场监管规则的有效衔接,完善证券监管法律体系,明确负责主体及其执法权限;细化并落实对市场主体和数据客体的监管要求,为中国公司依法合规开展跨境上市活动营造良好的监管环境。     

中概股美国证券交易委员会问询函浅析

2020年主要业务经营地点在中国大陆的公司(以下简称"中概股")有33家在美国资本市场完成了首次公开发行(以下简称"首发"或"IPO")上市,2021年上半年达到创纪录的36家.截至2021年6月30日,美国存续上市的中概股公司为301家.美国证券交易委员会(SEC)负责对中概股递交的首发上市登记文件及年度报告进行审阅...     

国际财经

SEC对资源开采类发行人应用披露新规根据美国国会2010年通过的《多德-弗兰克华尔街改革和消费者权益保护法案》的相关条款规定,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)今后将对资源开采类的发行人采用新的披露方法。按照新规,资源开采类发行人应该披露支付给外国政府(包含地方政府)或美国政府的付款信息。需要披     

中概股VIE架构下的中美监管博弈

12月3日,美国《外国公司问责法案》正式实施,中概股再次集体暴跌.综合2021年以来在美中概股的经济表现,在中美博弈日趋复杂背景下,中概股正成为高风险区域,特别是中概股大多采用VIE架构模式更是为中美监管冲突埋下隐患.     

中概股退市风险与回归路径探析

<正>目前,中概股回归路径主要有私有化退市后重组上市、在内地发行普通股或存托凭证、在香港实现二次上市等三种模式。此外,还可以选择赴新加坡、伦敦等地上市。随着中美博弈加剧,美国证券交易委员会（SEC）围绕在美上市中资企业审计底稿问题对中概股提出更严格的信息披露要求。为做好风险应对,应加强对中概股退市影响及回归路径的研究,及时调整应对政策。同时,可借中概股回归港股或A股之机,     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.