企业表外信息披露

目前我国企业在年度报告中披露的表外信息通常有：公司简况及分部情况，重要的会计政策及其变更情况，会计估计变更和会计差错更正情况，重要明细项目列示，重大事项等等。虽然，表外信息披露使信息使用对该企业的财务状况及经营情况有了更细致的了解。表外信息披露是表内披露的有效补充，是财务报告体系的重要组成部分。     

财务报告表外揭示及其改进

财务报告表外揭示是会计信息的重要组成部分。随着有关各方对会计信息披露要求的不断提高，表外揭示日益受到重视。本文拟对财务报告表外揭示的内容和方式提出一些粗浅的改进意见。一、对财务报告表外揭示的审视1. 表外揭示的内涵及主要内容。表外揭示是对表内揭示有益的和必需的补充。由于表外揭示披露信息内容广泛、形式灵活、限制较少、变化较快，所以愈来愈受到财务报告使用者的重视与青睐。表外揭示主要披露那些不符合会计报表要素定义的信息、难以用货币计量的信息以及不稳定的特殊的信息。具体说来，有以下几方面：（1）不符合会计核…     

我国企业财务会计报告的局限及其改进

随着会计环境因素发生迅猛变化,我国现行企业财务会计报告显现出了一些局限性。应根据我国企业实际,改进我国现行财务会计报告,以一定的形式在财务报告中对“表外项目”加以披露。同时,创新财务报告模式,编制多样化的财务报告。     

浅析会计报表表外信息的披露

“经济越发展,会计越重要”已被人们所共识,作为提供会计信息的重要载体——会计报表也越来越被人们所关注。但从会计报表本身来说,由于其会计要素的规定性、格式的固定性和计量单位的单一性和报表容量的有限性,决定了它们表达的会计信息不可避免存在一定的局限性。因此,会计报表的使用者不仅要求企业提供真实、完整的会计报表,还要求企业对表外信息加上披露力度,表外信息在整个财务报告体系中的地位亦日益突出。本文就会计报表表外信息的披露问题进行探讨。一、表外信息的特点表外信息是指会计报表的提供者(单位)不能或不便在法定会计报表…     

浅析表外信息披露重要性及局限性

在财务报告体系中,根据财务报表中确认的项目是否符合可定义、可计量、相关性和可靠性这四个特征,可分为表内和表外。表外披露由两部分组成,即财务报表附注和其他财务报告。本文着重从附注方面分析了表外信息披露在财务分析中的重要性以及它的局限性即表外信息过载。     

我国财务报告表外信息披露的问题及对策

由于财务报告内部存在的本质缺陷与不足,财务报告的不同使用者对财务报告又有不同的需求,导致对表外信息的使用与日俱增.本文探究了我国表外信息披露存在的问题及其成因,对如何完善我国表外信息披露提出了建议.     

上市公司财务报告中的"陷阱"种种

在现代企业中，财务会计是进行会计数据处理和信息加工的系统。财务报告，尤其是其中的会计报表，作为系统的一大要素，则负责将已加工生成的会计信息传递给与企业有关的使用者。因此，会计信息提供的充分和准确与否，将会直接影响会计信息使用者的投资判断。企业对外提供的财务报告一般包括两部分：会计报表和会计报表附注。会计报表包括资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表，利润分配表（留存收益表）一般也包括在内。通常，在提供这些会计报表时还应提供报表附注。为了正确评价企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流动情况，报表的使用者需要详细…     

企业表外融资的财务问题

由于资产负债表等财务报告对外发布的数据重要性,企业出现了表外融资来美化财务指标、减轻财务负担,以此来优化财务报告的表现。对于企业表外融资的粉饰现象,应当深化理论研究,为会计准则及规定的完善和外部与企业的使用应对做好理论指导,出台表外融资的规定,保证市场平稳正常运行。除此之外,还应当引入外部审计功能,针对表外融资情况单独作出审计或是在常规审计中编入表外融资项目,促进表外融资项目审计日常化。     

论财务报告的改进——基于表外信息披露“过载”的思考

我国现行的财务报告由财务报表和其他财务报告组成。财务报表主要包括企业对外提供的资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表三张基本会计报表以及报表附注;其他财务报告主要记录相关的非财务信息,作为必要的补充以满足信息使用人对有效信息的需求。其中的报表附注和其他财务报告称为“表外信息”。     

政府财务报告问题研究

政府财务报告是政府会计信息的载体,是研究政府会计改革的重要问题。美国、英国等主要市场经济国家都是在不断丰富、完善政府财务报告内容,力求更为客观、完整、科学地反映政府财务状况,为政府宏观经济管理服务。本文拟对国际会计师联合会以及美国、英国等国的政府财务报告相关问题进行重点研究。一、关于政府财务报告的目标政府财务报告目标与政府财务报告使用者的定位以及政府管理需求直接相关。政府财务报告目标的选择,直接决定着政府财务报告披露内容、形式,并决定着政府会计准则中会计主体、会计基础、会计政策等相关问题。政府财务报告主要目标是提供满足使用     

Accounting and Legal Implications of the Interposed Unit Trust Instrument

The application of a unit trust, within a complex group structure, to transact business and to hold other dependent operating instruments such as subordinate trusts, proprietary companies and investments in joint arrangements, raises issues touching the laws of trusts, income taxation and companies and exposes deficiencies in current accounting theory, practice and financial reporting. The use of unit trusts has off-balance sheet effects as both the trust itself and all subordinate instruments within its constellation may be effectively partitioned from those group results reported under traditional consolidation principles. The consequences of this partitioning distort the consolidation process and financial statements may then misrepresent a group's financial position. As yet, there is neither legislation nor accounting regulation providing direction in this complex area.     

Accounting and non-accounting based information in the market for debt: Evidence from Australian private debt contracts

This paper examines accounting and non-accounting based restrictive covenants in Australian private debt agreements. With respect to the former, our findings differ from previous research on public debt. We find more varied definitions of constraints and their specified tightness in private debt contracts than in public debt contracts. Further, limits on interest cover are found to be continuing constraints and not 'once-off' limits. The paper reports frequent use of more specific or 'tailored' accounting based constraints and the frequent inclusion of off-balance sheet numbers in the measurement rules specified.
The paper also provides the first Australian evidence on the use of non-accounting based constraints. These are pervasive and cover a wide range of corporate activity. While largely consistent with previous research the paper also reports evidence of restrictions previously argued to be sub-optimal and hence, unlikely to be observed. Specifically, there are frequent restrictions on firms' production and investment policies.     

New development: Importance of accounts receivable in Colombian state entities and their impact on the preparation of financial information

ABSTRACT

The article shows the importance of accounts receivable in the financial structure of state entities (purely government entities and state companies), and the challenge of standardizing accounting policies in order to prepare a national consolidated balance sheet. The focus is on Colombia. The research is qualitative, based on an analytical link between the nature of state entities, liquidity management and measurement in the preparation of financial information. Evidence is provided about the opportunities and limitations of the accounting regulation frameworks established for the public sector in Colombia. The author identifies future fields of research on public sector accounting and its role in accountability.     

基于信息披露视角的银行表外外汇融资业务探析

如何正确核算和反映表外外汇融资业务、提高银行资产负债管理水平、解决表外外汇融资业务快速发展与信息披露滞后的矛盾,是当前商业银行外汇融资业务面临的主要问题。本文对近年来表外外汇融资业务的发展情况进行了分析,并在剖析信息披露现状的基础上,提出改进建议,以期为银行加强资产负债管理、防范国际收支风险提供有益参考。     

Accounting for government guarantees: perspectives on fiscal transparency from four modes of accounting

Government guarantees are increasingly important as a policy instrument in public infrastructure investment and to assist the banking and financial sectors following the global financial crisis. This paper analyses how different modes of accounting characterize such guarantees in the contexts of public sector financial reporting, statistical accounting, budgeting and long-term fiscal projections. Guarantees are difficult to specify for accounting treatment and consistent conceptualization of liabilities. These difficulties make it attractive for governments to treat obligations as off-budget and off-balance sheet contingent liabilities, rather than recognize them in financial statements and statistical accounts. Miller and Power’s territorializing, mediating, adjudicating and subjectivizing roles of accounting are utilized to analyse the reporting of UK government guarantees. Provisioning for guarantees is complex in financial reporting statements and often absent in national accounts, a deficiency which Eurostat has attempted to address by devising the concept of standardized guarantees and by securing more disclosure of contingent liabilities. There is potential for future research especially where there is greater mediation between the four modes of government accounting.     

The Leasing Decision: A Comparison of Theory and Practice

The UK leasing industry has grown dramatically in the 1980s. The academic literature suggests that there are two major reasons for leasing—taxation benefits and off-balance sheet financing. Recently taxation and financial reporting changes have substantially reduced the taxation and off-balance sheet financing benefits from leasing. Against this background a postal questionnaire survey of the opinions of UK financial managers on various issues relating to finance leases was undertaken. This paper reports on the findings of the questionnaire survey. A distinguishing feature of the survey is that the replies were analysed by various financial characteristics of the responding companies.     

2014年2月国内金融形势评述

2014年2月国内金融运行的主要特点是：广义货币增速小幅反弹,狭义货币增速明显回升;社会融资规模环比明显减少,表外融资显著收缩;人民币贷款增速小幅回落,住户部门贷款投放明显放缓;企业存款增速回升,居民储蓄意愿有所下降;银行间市场交易活跃程度有所上升,市场利率明显回落;与上月末比,人民币汇率贬值O．27％,海外市场对人民币汇率的贬值预期有所增强。     

Recognition versus Disclosure: An Investigation of the Impact on Equity Risk Using UK Operating Lease Disclosures

This study examines the equivalency of accounting recognition versus disclosure. OLS regression analysis is used to determine whether there is an association between equity risk and an adjustment to financial risk for off-balance sheet operating leases. Two methods of adjustment are considered: constructive capitalisation and a simple factor method. The observation of a reliably positive association suggests that UK investors/analysts view operating leases from a property rights perspective rather than an ownership perspective. This supports the argument for recognition of all lease rights and obligations 'on-balance sheet', as proposed in the recent G4+1 discussion paper ASB (1999).     

Bank liquidity creation,monetary policy,and financial crises

This paper examines the interplay among bank liquidity creation (which incorporates all bank on- and off-balance sheet activities), monetary policy, and financial crises. We find that: (1) high liquidity creation (relative to trend) – particularly off-balance sheet liquidity creation – helps predict crises, controlling for other factors; (2) monetary policy has statistically significant, but economically minor effects on liquidity creation by small banks during normal times, and these effects are even weaker during financial crises; (3) monetary policy has very little effects on medium and large bank liquidity creation during both normal times and crises. These findings suggest that authorities may wish to monitor bank liquidity creation closely in order to predict and perhaps lessen the likelihood of financial crises. They might also consider other tools to control bank liquidity creation, such as capital and liquidity requirements.     

Have SFAS 166 and SFAS 167 improved the financial reporting for securitizations?

Critics have alleged that securitization accounting prior to 2010 was among the causes of the recent financial crisis. In response to this criticism, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) implemented two new accounting standards, SFAS 166 and SFAS 167, to improve the financial reporting for securitizations. Bank regulators have stated their belief that SFAS 166/167 will result in a consolidated balance sheet (and risk-based capital ratios based thereupon) that better reflects a bank's exposure to risk related to securitized assets. We document that, by ceding retained power or influence through the servicing/special servicing functions to third parties, SFAS 166/167 resulted in real effects to the extent that banks (particularly those that were weakly capitalized) achieved their accounting objectives in the post-SFAS 166/167 period through legitimate transaction structuring in line with the intent of the new rules. Further, we use capital market participants’ assessments of risk retention by sponsoring banks as a benchmark, and provide evidence consistent with bank regulators’ beliefs. In particular, following SFAS 166/167, equity investors of sponsoring banks do not consider (consider) as risk relevant securitized assets that receive off-balance sheet (on-balance sheet) treatment. Securitized assets that are consolidated under SFAS 166/167 exhibit the same risk relevance as assets that are not securitized, despite contractual provisions that would seem to imply substantial risk transfer.