Cookie cutter cooperatives in the KwaZulu-Natal school nutrition programme

This article examines an initiative by the KwaZulu-Natal provincial government to increase the income opportunities emerging from the school feeding programme. Since the inception of the programme, small medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) have been enlisted to provide schools with ingredients. However, in 2006 the KwaZulu-Natal provincial government replaced some SMMEs with women's cooperatives. By 2009, 12 of the original 42 cooperatives had collapsed, and some schools serviced by the cooperatives complained of unreliable delivery of ingredients. This article examines the interface between policy and implementation through a case study of four cooperatives in one district. Our data suggest that some cooperatives struggled to take root as a result of a variety of factors which we discuss under the themes of viability, membership and skills. The top-down creation of these cooperatives according to inflexible guidelines also resulted in significant problems.     

保险营销员自我效能感等与心理健康关系研究

以保险公司员工为测试对象的研究表明：福建省内保险营销人员自我效能感的整体水平比较高,其自我效能感与他们的性别、工作岗位没有明显关联;他们的生活满意度相对偏低,这种满意程度与其性别显著相关;却与各自的工作岗位关联甚弱。省内保险营销人员的心理健康状况还存在提升的较大空间;公司外勤人员的心理健康水平明显高于内勤人员,但性别上的差异未表现在心理健康状况上。保险营销人员的自我效能感与他们的生活满意度、心理健康状况均呈现显著正相关。因此,可以通过提高保险营销人员的自我效能感,生活满意度,从而提升他们的心理健康水平。     

关于民族学校开发历史课程资源的思考

民族学校开发历史课程资源要以全面贯彻国家的教育方针为根本,全面落实课程改革为己任,有针对性地挖掘课内外课程资源,突出特色,培养特长,促进学生个体和社会的健康发展.     

The Role of Health Insurance Membership in Health Service Utilisation in Indonesia

In 2014, Indonesia implemented a new, nationwide, subsidised universal-coverage health insurance program, under which poor Indonesians do not pay to become members and others pay a relatively low fee. This program has created a national debate about the effectiveness of the ownership of health insurance in increasing the use of health services—particularly among the poor—given the limitations in their quantity and quality. Using membership data on different health insurance programs from the 2007 rounds of Susenas and Riskesdas, this article researches the impact of having health insurance on health service utilisation, by controlling the levels of quality and quantity of health services in the area. We argue that having health insurance increases health service utilisation by approximately eight percentage points when people feel sick (or by approximately five percentage points if we include those who do not feel sick).     

National Policy of Tourism in Brazil From Municipalisation to Regionalization

The decade of 1980 has been a time of changes to the world and also in Brazil. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the globalization are phenomena which marked the late 20th century. Brazil was part of this scenario as it went through structural changes, including Real Plan, which brought stability along with the possibility of growth and development. Tourism is enveloped by neoliberalism as a way of attracting investments, investors, better infrastructures, and changing the country＇s image. As far as Brazilian public policies of tourism are concerned, there are two points that constitute the objective of this present work： to analyze the national Program of Municipalisation of Tourism （PMNT） and the Program of Regionalization of Tourism （PRT） considering the context of post-democratization in Brazil and its influences on the organization of national tourism. This analysis has been focused on the content of constitutional documents which have oriented tourism public policy, as well as authors who investigate this theme. From a conceptual map, the relations between political context and the moment when documents were elaborated have been built up. By the end of this work it will be possible to point out the prevalence of the neoliberal model, along with the interest of market agents over Brazilian touristic context.     

论新时期民族学校的生存与发展

随着市场经济体制的确立与教育改革的深入拓展,计划经济时期的民族学校靠政府财政维系生存的条件已经不复存在。新时期民族学校要生存发展,必须更新观念以适应时代发展需要,学会生存,学会创业,学会竞争,努力创新、创造;变封闭式办学为开放式办学,变单一型办学为复合型办学,全面提高民族学生素质,在竞争中立足发展。     

The Information Content of the Yield Curve for Monetary Policy: A Survey

The information content of the yield curve with respect to future inflation as well as future real economic activity is discussed. Both theoretical arguments and the empirical validity of these arguments are reviewed. The empirics favouring the yield curve as leading indicator for inflation is not found to be entirely convincing. The curve possesses information content, but it is difficult to empirically discriminate between the effects on real interest rates and future inflation. The yield spread is a stable leading indicator for future real economic activity, but there are several theoretical interpretations of this (positive) relationship, depending on the nature of shocks hitting the economy and the behaviour of prices in the economy. The proper reaction of monetary policy could differ among these interpretations. All in all, care should be taken in using the yield curve as information variable for monetary policy.     

中专生社会支持调查研究

目的分析探讨中专生社会支持获取的状况与特点。方法采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）与症状自评量表（SCL-90）对254名中专生进行问卷调查。结果中专生社会支持水平在不同年级、男女、城乡学生、独生子女与非独生子女之间均无显著差异,心理健康者在主观支持上评分显著高于心理问题者。结论在中专生心理健康教育中,要重视良好的社会网络特别是主观支持的建立和利用.     

加强体育类职业学校学生人文素质教育的思考

随着我国经济社会的不断发展,对高素质体育人才的需求不断增加,加强体育类职业学校学生人文素质教育是时代赋予的使命。体育类职业学校在人文素质教育方面具有得天独厚的条件和资源。学校应不断挖掘体育本身的文化价值以及体育教学形式与方法的人文素质教育价值,更新教育观念,开拓人文课程内容,提高校园文化环境品味,强化教师实施素质教育的能力,从而实现提高学生人文素质的目标。     

政府卫生支出的有效性、地区差异及其人口健康改善

利用健康生产模型.运用我国1997～2005年各省面板数据,说明我国政府卫生支出与改善人口健康状况之间的关系.为即将推行的卫生医疗改革各项公共管理政策的制定和实施。提供理论支持以及实证分析的证据。我国政府卫生支出是决定人口健康水平的一个关键因素,但政策制定者需要兼顾"投入的规模和管理的有效",同时,卫生医疗改革政策需要因地制宜,中央财政部门急需建立一套考核各级政府卫生支出管理绩效水平的系统指标体系。     

论中国共产党党校教育的功能

党校作为学习、研究、宣传马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的重要阵地和党性锻炼的熔炉,具有培养和造就治党、治国、治军领导人才,进行马克思主义理论教育和研究,继承和发扬党的优良传统和作风,考察和选拔干部等功能。充分发挥党校教育的功能,为党的建设和党的事业服务。     

内陆国家级新区发展政策建议--基于内陆与沿海新区的对比

文章依据内陆新区的优劣势,比对功能定位,研究认为其未来发展应在国家战略统领下,综合考虑地理位置、自然资源和生态环境以及社会经济条件上的具体特点,在注重环境保护、贯彻生态文明理念的同时,积极承接东部的产业转移,与沿海新区在对外开放和产业发展上形成差异化的竞争优势,并借助新区叠加优惠政策形成政策洼地,进一步完善基础设施和制度建设以促进生产要素和人才集聚,最终实现新区的增长极核心带动功能。     

老年养生健康的新理念

健康的新内涵及其发展引起了老年人养生理念的变化。如今,老年人健康不仅指身体健康,还包括心理、道德等方面,能适应社会的发展。老年人应该从多个方面调理、修养,才能保持健康。     

县域城镇化政策创新的着力点

当前县域城镇化面临着一些政策障碍,亟待解决。文章从发展规划、产业发展、农民进城、城镇建设、管理服务等关系到县域城镇化的重要方面探讨县域城镇化政策创新,以期为相关机构提供决策参考。     

我国区域经济政策调整的趋势性框架

近年来,随着一系列促进区域协调发展战略和政策的实施,我国区域经济格局出现了一些积极的变化,在推进区域协调发展方面取得了显著的成绩。在区域竞争模式的主导下,现阶段,区域发展在效率、公平、可持续方面的问题依然突出。推进区域协调发展,要准确把握区域发展的国际经验和客观规律,明确界定各级政府间的权责、改变GDP至上的地方竞争模式。就具体策略而言,要消除各种限制要素流动的体制和政策,推进基本公共服务均等化,严格环境生态等方面的社会性规制,改变区域政策碎片化趋势。     

Delegation and Fiscal Policy in the Open Economy: More Bad News for Rogoff's Delegation Game

This article studies the open-economy Rogoff delegation game, taking into account both intra-country and intercountry interactions between fiscal authorities and central banks. With representative bankers, the Nash equilibrium of fiscal and monetary authorities independently responding to supply-side shocks sees insufficient monetary adjustment and an imbalance towards fiscal stabilization if shocks are sufficiently symmetric; the opposite occurs if shocks are sufficiently asymmetric. Appointing conservative bankers shifts the fiscal–monetary balance away from monetary towards fiscal policy. Unilateral delegation benefits that country; but when all countries independently delegate, the outcome is only favorable if shocks are sufficiently asymmetric.     

美国养老金的税收政策及启示

美国养老金成功发展的重要基础之一就是政府税收政策的支撑,而目前制约我国养老金发展的重要原因恰恰是税收制度的不健全。因此,文章通过对美国养老金的税收政策的基本特点、经验进行归纳总结,探讨我国如何为养老金的发展提供更好的税收政策的保障。     

促进民营企业集群发展的政策研究

首先分析政府实施民营企业集群公共政策的必要性,然后借鉴OECD国家发展集群的经验,按照集群发展的规律,提出了促进民营企业集群发展的公共政策的原则和目标,最后对促进民营企业集群发展的政策的内容进行了阐述,主要包括有利于民营企业集群发展的外部环境,产业结构,支持系统等。     

论学校组织中合作管理模型的构建

伴随社会经济的发展,合作的概念逐渐从幕后走向前台,合作影响着社会组织的变革,成为社会生活的重要内容和手段。在教育领域,引入＂合作＂概念,构建一个现实的、多元化和人性化的合作管理模式,对学校组织管理有着重要的现实指导意义,因此,有必要充分运用学校组织中的人与物等要素,使它们＂合作＂起来为学校组织服务。