Credit Management: An Examination of Policy Choices, Practices and Late Payment in UK Companies

A central element in developing credit management policy involves design choices on the extent to which credit activities are best managed internally or through specialist market intermediaries. This paper draws on the findings of a survey on the credit management practices and policies of large UK companies to: (1) Examine the type of firm most likely to enter into specialist external credit management structural arrangements; and (2) Identify contextual and credit policy choices influencing the credit period taken and late payment of debts. The study found that specialist intermediaries are not particularly common in large firms. The paper also identifies a number of contextual and policy variables that help explain variation in debtor days and late payment by customers.     

Dissecting the Effects of Terms of Trade Shocks on the Korean Economy

Micro- as well as macro-level analyses on the terms of trade (TOT) for Korea are conducted. We demonstrate that the deteriorated TOT since the mid-1990s are largely attributable to declines in export prices of manufacturing goods and surges in energy import prices. A further investigation using a vector autoregressive (VAR) model identified by sign restrictions on impulse responses suggests that the structural innovation that reduces export prices and increases import prices is the most significant driver of the TOT fluctuations in Korea. Although the shock deteriorates the TOT, it is clearly associated with an expansionary effect on output, which is more pronounced at longer horizons.     

财务重述影响供应商向企业提供商业信用吗——来自A股上市公司的经验证据

以我国2007-2014年上市公司为样本,实证检验财务重述对供应商向企业提供商业信用融资规模的影响.研究结果表明:财务重述引起了供应商对目标企业会计信息质量的关注,导致企业商业信用融资规模减少,并且在非国有企业、市场地位低的企业以及金融生态环境较差的地区更为显著.进一步研究发现,上述结论因财务重述性质的异质性而存在差异.     

论构建我国纳税信用体系

本文针对我国纳税信用缺失的状况,从历史的角度和制度角度分析,指出我国由于历史原因长期存在信用缺失状况使得纳税信用低下;税制设计方面有违公平原则,存在不利于纳税人诚信纳税的地方,制约了纳税信用体系的建设。然后,由原因入手提出构建纳税信用体系的几点建议:转变对信用的认识,完善税制,健全社会信用等。     

警惕信用证软条款——对一则信用证诈骗案的思考

随着我国加入WTO,与世界各国的贸易往来日益增多,进出口贸易额不断的上升,信用证在我国的对外经贸中起着越来越重要的作用,但是一些进口商却利用信用证软条款进行诈骗,给出口商和银行带来了极大的损失。因此,只有对信用证软条款进行识别,并采取相应的防范措施,才能避免不必要的损失。     

农村金融发展与制度刨新：寿光“三驾马车”模式

山东省寿光市通过打造农村社会信用体系、信贷服务体系和支付体系“三驾马车”,促进了农村金融制度创新,推动了农村金融发展,实现了城乡一体普惠便民的农村金融服务,为破解我国农村经济发展中的金融瓶颈提供了较好的借鉴。这个模式具有较强的制度特征和内在逻辑性,社会信用是信贷创新的基础,信贷交易需要支付工具来实现,三者是互为动力的有机整体。     

Trade Credit or Financial Credit? An International Study of the Choice and Its Influences

Trade credit financing has usually been assumed to be an expensive source of funds. Recent studies, however, suggested that it can be available at either low or no cost. Using an international panel of firms, we provide an empirical answer to this matter. We analyze the type of firms and financial environments that are associated with a relatively more intense use of financial credit and, consistent with the mainstream literature, we find that trade credit financing is chosen by firms that have more restricted access to financial credit. These results appear to be stronger for firms located in emerging markets.     

The price,quality and distribution of mortgage payment protection insurance: A hedonic pricing approach

Mortgage payment protection insurance (hereafter MPPI) provides varying combinations of accident, sickness and unemployment insurance and is used to protect the mortgage payments of policyholders in the event of a fall in income. Despite alleviating housing market failures, this service has been heavily criticised for providing poor value for money and being associated with unhelpful sales techniques especially when sold jointly with a mortgage in the UK. Consequently, the Competition Commission (2009) ruled that after February 2011 MPPI should not be sold jointly with mortgage lending within seven days of the credit transaction. We examine whether this prohibition was justified and if the form of distribution, either jointly with the mortgage or independently influences the premium levels. This assessment uses a hedonic pricing approach with details and premiums of MPPI policies in 2010 and 2012. Despite the success in reducing MPPI premium levels, we conclude that the Competition Commission judgement has raised concerns as to mortgagee protection.     

中国对外贸易：2009年形势分析及2010年前景展望

在全球金融危机背景下,2009年我国对外贸易大幅下滑,但降幅小于欧美日,我国出口占全球出口的比重提升,主要贸易伙伴格局未变。随着国际经济的触底回升,我国对外贸易降幅逐步收窄。劳动密集型产品相对抗跌,机电和高新技术产品成为出口复苏的主要动力。2010年世界经济将缓慢复苏,中国对外贸易将出现恢复性增长。同时也应看到,当前全球经济复苏的基础尚不稳固,中国对外贸易形势仍比较严峻。     

Fiscal Policy and the Terms of Trade in an Analytical Two-Country Dynamic Model

This paper presents a two-country dynamic perfect foresight Ricardian model with wealth effects to study the relationship between government spending financed by alternative taxation, the terms of trade and welfare. An increase in domestic government spending financed by a distortionary capital income tax leads the real exchange rate initially to appreciate (a pure demand effect). But along the transitional path an intertemporal terms of trade effect (a supply side effect) operates and the real exchange rate depreciates to a steady state value ultimately higher relative to the initial equilibrium. The welfare of the domestic resident increases due to a reversed immiserizing growth effect.     

Bank Loan Availability and Trade Credit Demand

This paper investigates the effects of bank loan availability on the trade credit and credit card demand of small firms, using firm‐level data from the 1995 Credit, Banks, and Small Business Survey, conducted by the National Federation of Independent Business. We find that firms increase their demand for trade credit and credit card debt when facing credit constraints imposed by banks. These results provide evidence of a pecking order of debt financing, where firms increase their reliance on potentially expensive sources of funds when bank loans are not available.     

利用信用制度化解我国出口企业的信用风险

我国出口企业的交易方式及信用管理严重滞后,在国际营销中面临较大的信用风险,不利于我国外贸出口的稳定发展。为了帮助出口企业应对风险,我国必须建立完善的化解信用风险的信用管理及融资体制:建立出口企业信用征信体系;建立与国际接轨的担保制度;利用进出口银行对出口企业提供支持;借助多边投资担保组织;进一步开放私营机构参与我国出口企业保险业务等。     

税收优先权质疑

《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》明确规定,税收优先于一般债权。然而,如果将税收法律关系置于债的关系中去研究就会发现,无论从理论基础、法律依据还是实际操作等方面,都很难得出税收应当优先于一般债权的结论。