生姜精油的乳化效果研究

目的:用两种乳化法制备生姜精油乳液,观察乳液液滴的形态、大小并分析其稳定性.方法:用电子显微镜观察液滴的形态、大小,采用静置法分析乳液的稳定性.结果:膜乳化法制备生姜精油乳液状态稳定,液滴大小均匀,条件温和,效果优于单独使用高速剪切法.结论:膜乳化法制备生姜精油乳液具有明显的优势,为下一步扩展生姜精油在调味食品中的应用...     

SPME-GC-MS分析皖西白鹅蛋挥发性成分

以皖西白鹅蛋的熟蛋清和熟蛋黄为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对皖西白鹅蛋的挥发性化合物进行测定和分析。结果表明,从皖西白鹅蛋的熟蛋清、熟蛋黄中分别检测出48种、24种挥发性化合物,鉴定到的挥发性物质主要包括烷烃类、烯烃类、醇类、酮类、酯类、含硫化合物、杂环类及硅化物等。研究结果为鹅蛋的品质和风味提供了重要的信息,也为鹅蛋的生产加工方式提供一定的参考。     

野生黑水缬草和北缬草根精油的分析

阐述了提取野生黑水缬草和北缬草根精油的方法,同时对其精油中所含的化合物进行了分析。     

天然植物精油对生物膜的抑制作用及在食品行业的应用进展

生物膜的形成是大部分食品安全事件的根本原因,特殊结构导致其具有高耐药性,因此在食品生产过程中寻找理想且具有经济效益的方法解决这一问题至关重要。与其他杀菌试剂相比,植物精油作为从植物中提取的物质,具有安全、健康、广谱抑菌的优点。精油是由植物的不同部位提取的复杂化合物,许多精油不仅具有直接的抗菌活性,还可以作为耐药性调节剂。因此,人们对精油中活性物质抑制生物膜形成过程以及消除成熟生物膜的机理越来越感兴趣。本文综述了生物膜的形成过程以及植物精油对病原微生物生物膜的抑制、消除机理,植物精油的提取方法以及目前在食品行业的应用进展,以期为后续天然植物精油作为生物膜抑制剂在食品行业的应用提供一定的参考。     

复配花椒及其精油对火锅风味的影响

为验证使用花椒精油替代部分花椒后火锅底料风味的变化,通过正交实验确定火锅底料中花椒最佳用量为10 kg;以感官品质和麻度为评价指标,确定了花椒与其精油复配的最佳方案为6:4;利用香精语言分析复配前后的火锅底料在煮沸10 min和30 min后的风味差异,结果表明火锅底料在使用花椒精油复配前后风味差异不显著.     

马尾松松针挥发油的GC-MS分析及抑菌作用研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取马尾松松针挥发油,通过GC-MS对挥发油组分进行了化学成分分析,并通过滤纸片扩散法测定挥发油对3种食品中常见致病菌的抑菌效果。本实验共鉴定出了23种化合物,其中β-月桂烯和β-胡椒烯含量最高,分别为31.479%和27.837%。马尾松松针挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌有明显的抑制作用。     

超声波辅助提取黑豆油及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用超声波辅助法,以石油醚为溶剂提取黑豆油。考察了提取时间、提取温度、料液比和超声波功率对黑豆油提取效果的影响。结果表明,提取黑豆油的优化工艺条件为：提取时间9rain,提取温度58℃,料液比1：9,超声功率110W,在此条件下,黑豆油得率达到83．83％。对黑豆油进行GC—MS分析可知,黑豆油的主要脂肪酸有棕榈酸19．24％、亚油酸46．28％、油酸18．62％和硬脂酸7．3％等,其不饱和脂肪酸含量达68．98％。     

HEA方法在我国溢油海洋生态损害评估中的应用

国际上多数国家的立法机构要求污染者对溢油所造成的生态损害支付赔偿金,溢油生态损害评估是赔偿的技术前提。论文针对我国溢油生态损害评估的范围和计算方法没有形成成熟的体系的现象,借鉴在国外得到广泛应用的HEA方法,依次建立补偿量模型、受损量模型和补偿规模模型,并模拟一海上溢油事故,对海洋生态损害评估的范围和计算方法等关键点进行分析。研究结果对解决我国溢油海洋生态损害评估提供有益的探索。     

浙江舟山鲜活海产品流通模式分析

鲜活海产品由于自身的特点及属性,对产品在流通过程保鲜、贮藏、卫生等都有较高的要求,然而由于舟山海产品流通体系还未健全,存在着在流通过程时间长,损失大、效率低、物流技术落后等问题,极大的增加了海产品流通成本.论文对舟山现存的海产品流通模式进行了梳理,在此基础上,提出了构建鲜活海产品流通模式的有效建议,建议指出,针对舟山鲜活海产品的特点,应创新流通渠道;培育渔业专业化合作组织;大力发展第三方物流企业;建立健全质量安全保障体系及加强对流通专业人才培养等.     

退耕还林背景下桑蚕茧技术效率及生产弹性分析

在退耕还林工程和东桑西移工程的背景下,运用超越对数函数的随机前沿分析方法,测量桑蚕茧的技术效率及生产弹性,研究结果表明:2003～2008年桑蚕茧的平均技术效率呈现下降的趋势,各桑蚕茧主产区都存在一定程度的技术效率水平缺失;自然灾害能显著降低蚕茧的技术效率,农村居民生产性固定资产投资能有效提高技术效率水平;中西部单位面积桑蚕的劳动力投入出现过剩局面,单位面积桑蚕茧吸纳农村剩余劳动力能力有限。因此应在优化蚕桑业区域结构的同时,加快西部地区的技术推广和技术创新,加大固定资产的投入,提高桑蚕茧的技术效率;并调控单位面积桑蚕茧的劳动投入量,扩大退耕栽桑的面积,提高桑蚕茧生产的劳动效率。     

油气田开发的环境成本计量方法选择及其应用

油气资源不仅在国民经济发展中占有举足轻重的地位,而且油气资源开发还是环境污染的过程,因此,有必要核算油气田开发的环境成本。油气田开发活动中环境成本的确认、计量及相关计算方法,与一般产品成本核算存在一定的差异,因此,环境成本计量方法的适当选择,可以更好地揭示因环境问题引起的财务影响,并如实反映油气田开发的环境绩效。     

消费者特征与小品种食用油购买行为的实证研究——以茶油为例

利用福州、广州、长沙3个油茶产区省会城市的664份问卷调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,对消费者购买小品种食用油(茶油)的影响因素进行实证分析的结果表明:消费者文化程度、家庭结构、对健康重视程度、对小品种食用油具有高营养价值的认可程度、重视食用油营养价值的程度、重视食用油口感的程度、对小品种食用油价格的态度、对小品种食用油品牌的信任程度、对小品种食用油销售推介的认可程度、对亲友推荐的认可程度、距离小品种食用油销售地的远近程度、区域环境等是影响人们购买小品种食用油的重要因素。其中小品种食用油具有高营养价值的认可程度、重视食用油营养价值的程度、对小品种食用油品牌的信任程度、认可亲朋好友推荐的程度、消费者家庭结构、自身文化程度与小品种食用油的购买行为呈正向相关关系;对小品种食用油价格的态度、重视食用油口感的程度以及与小品种食用油销售地的距离对小品种食用油购买行为有负向影响。另外,消费者个体特征变量中的性别、年龄、收入水平等以及健康状况对小品种食用油的购买行为没有显著的影响。不同地区的居民对小品种食用油购买行为存在差异。最后,在研究结论的基础上提出政策启示。     

Shifting patterns of oil palm driven deforestation in Indonesia and implications for zero-deforestation commitments

Oil palm plantations in Indonesia have been linked to substantial deforestation in the 1990s and 2000s, though recent studies suggest that new plantations are increasingly developed on non-forest land. Without nationwide data to establish recent baseline trends, the impact of commitments to eliminate deforestation from palm oil supply chains could therefore be overestimated. We examine the area and proportion of plantations replacing forests across Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Papua up to 2015, and map biophysically suitable areas for future deforestation-free expansion. We created new maps of oil palm plantations for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, and examined land cover replaced in each period. Nationwide, oil palm plantation expansion occurred at an average rate of 450,000 ha yr⁻¹, and resulted in an average of 117,000 ha yr⁻¹ of deforestation, during 1995–2015. Our analysis of the most recent five-year period (2010–2015) shows that the rate of deforestation due to new plantations has remained relatively stable since 2005, despite large increases in the extent of plantations. As a result, the proportion of plantations replacing forests decreased from 54% during 1995–2000, to 18% during 2010–2015. In addition, we estimate there are 30.2 million hectares of non-forest land nationwide which meet biophysical suitability criteria for oil palm cultivation. Our findings suggest that recent zero-deforestation commitments may not have a large impact on deforestation in Sumatra, where plantations have increasingly expanded onto non-forest land over the past twenty years, and which hosts large potentially suitable areas for future deforestation-free expansion. On the other hand, these pledges could have more influence in Kalimantan, where oil palm driven deforestation increased over our study period, and in Papua, a new frontier of expansion with substantial remaining forest cover.     

Exploring land use changes and the role of palm oil production in Indonesia and Malaysia

This study compiles and analyses national-level data on land use change (LUC) and its causes in Indonesia and Malaysia over the past 30 years. The study also explores the role that palm oil has played in past LUC and that projected growth in palm oil production may play in LUC until 2020 and suggests strategies to minimize negative effects. Data collection for the study revealed that the quality and quantity of data on LUC on a national scale over time are low. Despite these uncertainties, the overview of past LUC indicates that large changes in land use have occurred in Indonesia and Malaysia. In Indonesia, LUC can primarily be characterized by forest cover loss on 40 million ha (Mha) of land, a 30% reduction in forest land. Deforestation in Malaysia has been smaller in both absolute and relative terms, with a forest cover loss of nearly 5 Mha (20% reduction in forest land). Other large changes in Malaysia occurred in permanent cropland (excluding oil palm), which has decreased rapidly since the early 1990s, and in land under oil palm cultivation, which experienced a sharp increase. Projections of additional land demand for palm oil production in 2020 range from 1 to 28 Mha in Indonesia. The demand can be met to a large extent by degraded land if no further deforestation is assumed. In Malaysia, expansion projections range from 0.06 to 5 Mha, but only the lowest projection of oil palm expansion is feasible when only degraded land may be used. The role of palm oil production in future LUC depends on the size of the projected expansion as well as agricultural management factors such as implementation of best management practices, earlier replanting with higher yielding plants, and establishment of new plantations on degraded land. The current use of degraded land needs to be investigated in order to reduce possible indirect LUC, land tenure conflicts, or other social impacts. In addition to minimizing direct and indirect LUC by the palm oil sector, measures that reduce deforestation triggered by other causes must also be implemented. A key element for doing so is better planning and governance of land use, which entails more appropriate demarcation of forest land and protection of land that still has forest cover, improved monitoring of land use, and more research to uncover the complexities and dynamics of the causes and drivers of LUC.