改善支出结构合理配置政府教育资源——评《政府教育支出的经济分析》

从最近几年政府教育支出研究的实际情况来看，以人力资本理论为基础所形成的教育经济学研究比比皆是，以公共财政理论为基础进行地教育财政研究的理论也不少。但是，教育经济学理论注重的是从整个教育成本负担角度来考察教育对经济增长的影响，不能很科学地和具体地将政府教育支出所负担的教育成本以及由此而产生的对经济增长的作用进行单独研究?而教育财政研究领域却容易将政府财政行为与教育财务管理混为一谈，     

基于消费心理的快速消费品品牌建设

目前,快速消费品市场增速放缓,产品同质化现象严重,竞争激烈。加强品牌建设能够使快速消费品获得市场竞争优势,但我国快速消费品市场以外来品牌占主导,本土快速消费品品牌缺乏竞争力。如何增强我国快速消费品品牌竞争力,文章从消费心理的角度探讨了快速消费品品牌建设的对策,以期为中国快速消费品品牌建设提供新的视角。     

快速消费品品牌延伸策略研究

在激烈的快速消费品市场竞争中,企业为了维护和巩固自己的品牌地位,提高品牌价值,相继采取品牌延伸策略。本文分析了快速消费品品牌延伸策略中存在的问题,针对具体的问题,提出了切实可行的快速消费品品牌策略。     

关于快速消费品行业市场营销品牌定位的相关研究

随着近年来市场化进程的不断推进,国内企业竞争愈发激烈,而快速消费品行业作为满足内需、推动国家经济发展的重要行业,在面对市场红海时不仅要明确自身发展重点以及核心优势,更应当在市场营销层面不断发力,明确自身品牌定位,创造自身核心竞争力,尤其在国产品牌崛起,跨国快消品企业发力的情况下,企业如何站稳脚跟、在激烈竞争中脱颖而出,离不开市场营销品牌定位的正确思路以及可行策略。因此本文基于快速消费品市场营销及品牌定位的概念,分析了快速消费品,快速消费品市场营销,品牌以及营销渠道的特征,同时针对快速消费品行业市场现状提出目前快速消费品行业市场营销、品牌定位当中存在的问题,最后基于问题从四大角度阐述了品牌定位具体策略,一方面希望帮助行业从业人员提高企业品牌定位精准度、抓住消费者核心需求,另一方面也希望为相关研究人员提供有价值的参考。     

加强财政的支出管理提高财政的支出效益

随着我国财政体制改革进程的进一步深化,加强财政的支出管理,提高财政支出的使用效益不断受到社会的普遍关注。为了有效提高财政支出的效益,本文从加强相关财会人员的基础工作等方面不断提高财会预算、核算的质量,促使财政支出管理工作顺利开展。     

加强财政的支出管理提高财政的支出效益

随着我国财政体制改革进程的进一步深化,加强财政的支出管理,提高财政支出的使用效益不断受到社会的普遍关注。为了有效提高财政支出的效益,本文从加强相关财会人员的基础工作等方面不断提高财会预算、核算的质量,促使财政支出管理工作顺利开展。     

品牌忠诚度的不同计算方法

关于品牌的忠诚度,在笔者看来,不同性质的产品其实际的含义有所不同。这里所说的产品性质,是针对于快速消费品或耐用消费品来说的。在市场研究的实际应用中,我们如何体现不同性质产品的品牌忠诚度呢?首先,从问卷问题的设置上就有所不同。快速消费品的品牌选择具有瞬时性的特征,     

多品牌策略在快速消费品行业中的应用

本文介绍了国内外快速消费品行业实施多品牌策略的现状,分析了我国快速消费品企业实施多品牌策略存在的问题,着重探讨了快速消费品行业运用多品牌策略的必要性,并提出了充分的市场调查、准确的市场定义、鲜明的个性化定位、有效的品牌管理制度及适时的创新等相关策略。     

财政农业支出绩效评价指标构建的理论探讨

基于我国农业财政支出绩效评价旨标构建方面理论发展的滞后性,本文对农业财政支出绩效评价指标构建的原则、理论依据、指标筛选方法进行了总结,并分析了其适用性.     

探析快速消费品的品牌策略与顾客忠诚度

我国的快速消费品市场一方面成长迅速,存在着巨大的开发潜力,另一方面,品牌繁多,产品高度同质化,竞争激烈,品牌忠诚度不高,消费者很容易在同类产品中转换不同的品牌,许多企业产品毛利率下降,陷入穷则思变的促销陷阱。如何运用品牌策略,提高顾客忠诚度,是企业提高核心竞争力,实现可持续发展的关键。     

财政支出规模、支出分权和收入集权对行政管理支出的动态影响

以财政支出规模和结构的"国家主导型"理论为基础,从供给视角出发研究我国行政管理支出的高速增长问题,得出以下结论:长期来说,我国财政支出规模、地方政府财政支出比重的扩大刺激了行政管理支出的增长,中央政府财政收入比重的扩大抑制了行政管理支出的增长;短期来说,以上变量对行政管理支出增长的影响都不显著,但是我国行政管理支出短期有很强的惯性增长的趋势.     

Forecasting Advertising Expenditure

The 1980s are proving to be a decade of great uncertainty during which the possession of accurate short-term forecasting techniques can lead to better decision-making. Forecasts of advertising expenditure in total and by medium is an especially important source of information for the advertising industry—advertising agencies, media owners, advertisers—and all others concerned. Furthermore, it is particularly important to unravel the systematic from chance changes in the market as a whole. This paper attempts both to illustrate and to evaluate the ‘naive’ Box-Jenkins method of time series forecasting as related to aggregate advertising expenditures in Britain and West Germany.     

International Advertising Expenditure Trends

This study identifies social uses of advertising by young male adults who have been brought up in a mass media-driven society, which makes them more advertising literate. A diary study revealed the frequent use of TV advertising slogans and taglines that did not directly relate to any product purchase or use occasion. Moreover, the meanings consumed by the group were independent of the product that the ads promoted. The topic of social uses of advertising by groups has far-reaching practitioner implications for advertising research and copy development, which are discussed.     

International Advertising Expenditure Trends

From the early 1990s, marketing literature began to feature a number of articles suggesting that integrated marketing communications (IMC) would have a major impact on advertising as we know it, and on client—advertising agency relationships. A counter-view appeared at that time in the literature suggesting that IMC was nothing more than co-ordinated promotion and that many companies had been doing ‘it’ for some considerable time. More recent articles have lamented that the concept has not been embraced by marketing communications specialists and that implementation has proven difficult. A common definition of IMC—and how it differs from traditional advertising, both in philosophy and in implementation—has not evolved despite considerable academic discussion on the subject. This paper reviews the most comprehensive definitions of IMC and the competing paradigms—‘new’ versus ‘nothing new’—and summarises the results of a recent two-part study that compares the perceptions of clients with those of senior ad agency personnel in New Zealand regarding how and in what ways IMC is developing there.     

浅论财政支出绩效评价

财政支出绩效评价就是对公共部门财政支出作为评价对象的评价工作,也就是对公共部门财政支出的绩效作为评价内容的工作。财政支出追求的最终目标是社会福利最大化。开展财政支出绩效评价要遵循全面性与特殊性相结合、统一性和差异性相结合、定量和定性相结合、统一领导与分类管理等原则。常用的财政支出绩效评价的方法有成本—效益分析法、最低成本法、综合指数法等。     

Old-Young Differences in Consumer Expenditure Patterns

It has been claimed that transfer payments to retired people reduce aggregate private saving. In their attempts to understand this issue, some writers have called for additional research to clarify the spending behavior of the older and younger households. The present paper uses regression analysis to examine the old-young differences in expenditure patterns as revealed by the 1972–73 BLS Consumer Expenditure Survey. With data limitations noted, the findings suggest that, for consumer units headed by older (65+) and younger (<65) persons, the marginal and average propensities to spend relative to after-tax income were virtually the same when estimated at the mean values of their respective characteristics, such as after-tax income and family size. The statistical model utilized also suggests that, if given the older units' mean values for these characteristics, the younger group would have exhibited higher propensities to spend than the older.     

政府间财政关系中的支出问题（上）——历史、数据与比较分析

从支出角度研究政府间财政关系，其实质是政府间事权的确定与划分问题。这一问题因经济体制、发展水平、政治制度以及历史文化的差异而具有内涵上的复杂性，并通过支出总量与结构的多样化表现出来。本文尝试从多样化的比较中归纳与上述因素相关联的一般规律，有利于深化对政府问财政关系的理解。     

腐败侵蚀与财政支出扭曲

采用1995—2006年中国大陆省级面板数据,实证检验腐败对中国财政支出规模和结构的影响。研究发现:腐败激励了财政支出规模的膨胀,促使支出结构变形;腐败显著地推高了经济建设支出的比重,但降低了社会文教支出的比重。     

农村居民生活消费支出的区域特征研究

由于经济发展水平、自然环境、消费观念和消费政策等多因素的影响,我国农村居民生活消费支出存在较大的区域差异。本文通过主成份分析方法,揭示了我国农村居民生活消费支出的区域特征:综合消费支出水平东、中、西部极端不均衡;消费支出结构南北地区差异较大。