我国借鉴国外促进中小企业发展的税收政策的研究

目前我国促进中小企业发展的税收政策还不够完善和系统,所以,对促进中小企业发展的税收优惠政策的研究有着一定的现实意义。本文从国外扶持中小企业发展的税收措施入手,分析国内外现状,借鉴外国的有益经验,提出对促进中小企业发展在税收优惠方面的建议及构想。     

数字经济背景下税收征管体系的国际经验与政策建议

数字经济不断发展背景下,中国的税收征管制度亟需改革,而其他国家在数字化税收征管制度改革中已取得一些经验,可为中国的改革提供重要参考。本文就数字经济对全球税收征管体系的影响进行利弊分析,并结合当前国际税收征管体系中间接税和直接税层面存在的税收征管制度漏洞而导致的税收流失问题,总结其他国家的税收征管制度改革经验,分析我国在数字交易税收三要素确定、税收归属权划分及传统代扣代缴制度等方面存在的问题,并提出我国税收征管制度改革与完善的对策建议:完善相关税收制度,进一步深化数字经济时代税制改革的研究,正确评估税收征管新技术的可行性,进一步加强国际交流与合作以提升我国的话语权。     

The Neoliberalization of Municipal Land Policy in Sweden

In Sweden, local governments’ practice of the ‘municipal land instrument’—that is, the use of public land ownership as a tool for facilitating urban development—has a long tradition. In the post‐war era, public land ownership constituted an important component of state‐led housing production, which had both a productive and a redistributive purpose. Departing from a political economy perspective, this article demonstrates how the redistributive aspect of the municipal land instrument has been dissolved under neoliberalization, and discusses why the use of this instrument is problematic from both a democratic and ethical point of view. Based on a case study in Helsingborg, the article argues that, in using public land to leverage private investment in urban development, local decision makers adopt an interest in supporting rent extraction from tenants and housing owners, while subsidizing investment costs for developers. The dual role that municipalities assume as landowner‐developers and planning authorities enable them to facilitate urban development effectively, but it is also problematic because it transgresses the public–private law divide inherent to Swedish law. Assuming this dual role, municipalities place themselves in a biased position that risks undermining the legitimacy of governmental actions in general, and the planning system in particular.     

对我国文化产业税收政策的思考

我国已经将文化产业作为经济发展的支柱产业之一。在文化产业的发展过程中,离不开税收政策的保障。但是,我国现行有关文化产业的相关税收政策还不完善,需要政府在文化产业税收体系建立、政策机制等方面进行改革。     

民国地价税的实施对当前土地税收制度改革的启示

实行地价税是孙中山民生主义中平均地权的重要内容。地价税主张按土地价格征收土地税和土地增值税,一改延续数千年的从量计征的土地赋税制度,是中国传统土地税收制度的重大改革。其地价税思想对南京国民政府影响较大,并首先在地价涨幅较大的通商口岸广州、上海等地进行试办,随后在全国42个县市进行推广,由于征收范围较为广泛加之征收手续简便,在当时取得了一定的征收效果,但也存在一些不足方面,对当前的土地税收制度改革有重要的借鉴价值。     

The Effect of Tax as an Instrument of Fiscal Policy in Kosovo

This paper analyzes and discusses the tax system applied in Kosovo during the period from 1999 until now. It demonstrates the effects of tax policies on the country＇s economic growth and development of businesses in general. This paper also addresses the impact of those policies in maintaining the social equilibrium of a population and economic stability of the country. Applied tax policies in Kosovo have been aimed more at maintaining a stable fiscal and budgetary policy. Based on the analysis of real cases of Kosovo tax laws and their impact on particular businesses, this paper will demonstrate how tax policies applied in Kosovo have given less attention to the need of economic development, which should have been reflected through promoting the development of domestic production, reduction of unemployment, and reduction of the high trade deficit. Empirical evidence from this analysis is discussed, conclusions are derived, and the recommendations of this paper are provided.     

我国公益性捐赠的税收优惠政策探析

随着社会公益的发展和社会责任意识的提升,公益性捐赠得到越来越多的关注.为规范和引导我国各社会主体更好的参与到社会慈善中,通过国家的宏观税收政策进行制度规范与激励成为必要.因此,本文通过对我国现行的与公益性捐赠相关的即包括受赠组织、捐赠主体以及捐赠款物等方面在内主要税收政策的描述,并结合我国公益性捐赠的发展现状,以分析我国在相关税收优惠政策制定上的不足,从而为完善我国在公益性捐赠税收优惠政策方面提出相关建议,助力我国公益性捐赠事业的发展.     

关于重庆市土地政策参与房地产调控的思考

文章介绍重庆市近年来参与房地产调控的土地政策,明确了重庆市在土地供应、市场等方面具体做法,探讨了重庆市土地政策参与房地产调控取得的成效及存在的问题,文章最后从政策制定方面、市场管理等方面提出了政策建议。     

Foreign Investment in U. S. Agricultural Land: An Overview of the National Issue and a Case Study of Vermont

A bstract . A number of issues surround the ownership of farmland by absentee owners and foreign nationals. The response to these concerns in the United States has been the promulgation of the Agriculture Foreign Investment Disclosure Act (AFIDA) which provides for a land purchase reporting system. The present investigation seeks to describe the nature of the foreign land ownership picture in the United States, the status of existing state laws which deal with the matter and. through the example of a case study on the State of Vermont , attempts to describe impacts and implications of such ownerships.     

最优税收理论及对我国税制改革的政策启示

最优税收理论是近年来经济学家们比较感兴趣的研究领域之一。最优税收理论主要包括商品税与所得税的组合理论、最优商品税、最优所得税三个方面。本文旨在阐述、评价最优税收理论的主要内容,并在此基础上,得出对我国的税制改革的政策启示     

发展现代食品物流急需产业政策扶持

随着国民经济的快速发展，我国的食品消费方式正不断变化：从传统的家庭操作型消费转向方便、熟食、个性型消费。大型量贩店、中型生鲜超市，小型便利商店、食品专门店等成为我国食品流通的主渠道。由于食品消费方式、结构的变化，对食品物流过程的食品品质保证．食品卫生保证、食品前置期保证提出了更加严格的要求。据资料显示．食品流通过程成本中的90％是物流成本． 生、品质、前置期的核心保证因素是物流，食品     

对我国个人所得税税制设计的改进建议

我国现行个人所得税的税制设计,在一定程度上制约着其功能的发挥。应从简化税制,改进计征模式,合理确定扣除标准等方面对其做进一步改进。     

构建和谐社会下开征社会保障税的迫切性及其税制设计

本文在构建和谐社会的执政理念启发下,结合我国国情及当前社会发展形势,论述了开征社会保障税的迫切性,进而对其具体税制也做出了建议性的设计。     

土地增值税税收流失风险的防范机制研究——来自广东省汕头市地方税务局的征管经验

房地产税收流失风险是税务管理的重点和难点。在研究现行土地增值税征管模式的基本特征及存在问题的基础上,汕头市地方税务局引进风险管理机制,对土地增值税的管理由事后管理向事前和事中管理转变。探索出"前馈控税、项目管理、信息比对、模型构建"的土地增值税收流失的风险防范机制。并据此提出了一些政策建议。     

现代带式输送机的设计方法

带式输送机是现代最重要的散状物料输送设备。本文在分析常规设计方法的基础上,给出了带式输送机的优化设计方法,动态分析方法,最后给出了带式输送机的设计程序。     

论天津市现代物流业发展中的法律政策问题

基于物流市场繁荣发展,天津市制定了促进现代物流业发展的法律政策。但其现代物流业发展处于起步阶段,相关法律政策仍存在不足。文章通过介绍美国物流法律政策,结合天津市现代物流业发展存在的问题,提出完善天津市现代物流业法律政策之建议。     

How Much Revenue Would a Full Land Value Tax Yield?In the United States in 1981, Census and Federal Reserve Data Indicate It Would Nearly Equal All Taxes

Abstract . Most urban economists and particularly specialists in urban public finance consider the land value tax, because of its economic effects and its influence toward rational development, the tax of choice. But could it replace, in whole or in large part, taxes which now burden labor and capital and distort efficient allocation of resources? How important would a full land rent tax's yield be? The U.S. Bureau of the Census provides data which, adjusted for errors and omissions, indicates that the annual land rent for 1981 was $721 billion. Federal Reserve Board data, similarly adjusted, indicates annual land rent for that year was $590.38 billion Hence we may say that a full land rent tax would yield something around $658 billion in 1981, or 28 percent of the 1981 national income. This is nearly two thirds of all taxes levied by all levels of government in 1981, and, with user charges and similar fees continued, it is probably equal or nearly equal to burdensome taxes.     

Public Spending, Land Taxes and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis of the Adequacy of Land as a Tax Base

Abstract . Site value taxation is often cited as desirable on efficiency grounds, but is all too often dismissed for alleged lack of revenue potential. This paper empirically tests the revenue adequacy of site value taxation. Revenue adequacy in this study is defined as the ability of the tax base to keep pace with community expenditure needs. The paper concludes that communities with higher than average rates of capital growth and with a relatively constrained land area will find land taxes when subsituted for present property taxes, quite adequate for future as well as present needs.     

EICAD在现代道路设计中的使用

EICAD设计软件创新了道路设计领域的建筑信息模型BIM理念,可以构建智能化实体及其内部关联,能够高交互式和可视化地创建道路模型。文章介绍了EICAD在平面设计、横断面设计及互通式立交等设计中的优越性能,由于其命令操作快捷方便,可视化性能更加出色,大型工程项目越来越倾向于使用EICAD设计。     

探讨波普艺术在现代设计中的应用

文章通过对波普艺术的解读,从波普艺术在现代设计领域的个案入手,运用实例分析了波普艺术在现代设计中的应用,进而探讨了波普设计的发展趋势,为波普艺术的发展提供了更为广阔的空间,以此来满足现代社会人们标新立异、个性张扬的多元化需求。