私募股权资本退出与公司治理因素关系的实证研究

私募股权投资的特点在于谋求通过创业投资、杠杆收购、危机企业重组及夹层融资.然后经过投资管理并通过上市、并购或管理层回购等方式出售持股获利.这就形成了一种隐形激励机制.本文以在香港上市的国内企业为样本,利用二元选择模型与截面回归模型分析了私募股权资本退出与公司治理结构之间的相关关系.实证结果表明,改善公司治理水平有助于私募股权资本从上市公司中顺利退出.     

Dividend Policy, Corporate Governance and the Managerial Entrenchment Hypothesis: An Empirical Analysis

This paper analyses the agency explanation for the cross-sectional variation of corporate dividend policy in the UK by looking at the managerial entrenchment hypothesis drawn from the agency literature. Consistent with predictions, a significant U-shaped relationship between dividend payout ratios and insider ownership is observed for a large (exceeding 600 firms) sample of UK companies and two distinct periods. These results strongly suggest the possibility of managerial entrenchment when insider ownership reaches a threshold of around 30%. Evidence is also presented that non-beneficial holdings by insiders can lead to entrenchment in conjunction with shares held beneficially.     

证券公司公司治理评价的实证分析

本文以五家上市证券公司为例,尝试建立了操作性强的公司治理评价体系,得出了五家证券公司的公司治理评价分数,依据评价分数看出每个公司公司治理存在的弱项,进而提出改善其公司治理的对策.     

An Empirical Examination of Stakeholder Groups as Monitoring Sources in Corporate Governance

Insurers are formally and informally monitored by a variety of stakeholders, including reinsurers, agents, outside board members, and regulators. While other studies have generally examined these stakeholders separately, they have not accounted for the fact that there is some relation among the stakeholder groups, and the presence of these groups is likely to be jointly determined. By empirically controlling for these potential interrelations, we create a more complete assessment of the impact of these stakeholders/monitors on insurers’ risk taking. Specifically, we find that the presence of some stakeholders offsets the degree or presence of others, and that most stakeholders/monitors are associated with a reduction of overall firm risk.     

Dividend Payouts and Corporate Governance Quality: An Empirical Investigation

Motivated by agency theory, we investigate how a firm's overall quality of corporate governance affects its dividend policy. Using a large sample of firms with governance data from The Institutional Shareholder Services, we find that firms with stronger governance exhibit a higher propensity to pay dividends, and, similarly, dividend payers tend to pay larger dividends. The results are consistent with the notion that shareholders of firms with better governance quality are able to force managers to disgorge more cash through dividends, thereby reducing what is left for expropriation by opportunistic managers. We employ the two‐stage least squares approach to cope with possible endogeneity and still obtain consistent results. Our results are important as they show that corporate governance quality does have a palpable impact on critical corporate decisions such as dividend policy.     

公司治理与财务舞弊关系的经验分析

以财务舞弊上市公司为研究对象，以董事会构成和所有权结构作为公司治理变量，研究公司治理和财务舞弊之间的可能关系。研究发现，发生财务舞弊与未发生财务舞弊上市公司董事会中外部董事比例不存在显著差异；股权集中度越高的上市公司越容易发生财务舞弊；控股股东性质与财务舞弊行为不存在显著相关性。研究还发现，上市公司配股活动与财务舞弊显著负相关、公司规模与财务舞弊显著负相关、董事会规模与财务舞弊显著正相关。     

银行债权的公司治理效应研究——基于广东上市公司的实证分析

本文以市场化程度较高地区广东的企业为样本,以相对较长时期的数据为证据,将银行债权细化为短期债权和长期债权,将上市公司细分为民营公司与国有公司,对银行债权的公司治理效应展开实证研究。研究进一步证明,我国银行债权在公司治理中的独特优势没有得到发挥,近年来银行对企业的财务约束虽然在不断加强,但财务约束仍只是简单的约束机制,可能进一步加剧企业融资难问题,并不能真正实现银企双赢。研究还得到了一些新的发现:银行债权对国有公司存在"财务软约束",而对民营公司则存在"市场软约束";在金融危机爆发时,银行债权对民营公司表现出更为有利的公司治理效应,而对国有公司却相反。     

卖空机制、双重治理与公司违规——基于市场化治理视角的实证检验

不同于以往基于制度监管或内部治理视角的研究,本文从市场化治理视角探讨了卖空机制对公司违规行为的影响效应.采用部分可观测Bivariable Probit模型和双重差分模型实证发现,卖空机制显著降低了标的公司的违规倾向,提升了违规稽查概率,且缩短了违规稽查时间.同时,标的公司违规发生年份的融券力度明显增加,这表明卖空者确实具有信息优势且对违规行为更为敏感.机制检验揭示,卖空机制通过治理效率和信息效率两条路径对违规行为发挥双重治理作用,即卖空机制强化了内部治理中大股东和独立董事对违规行为的监督干预,从而抑制了事前违规倾向;同时也增加了资本市场中的分析师关注及违规负面信息传播效率,进而提升了事后违规稽查概率.本文还发现,卖空机制的违规治理效果受到违规监管环境(法制监管、内部控制和行业违规)和标的公司个体特征(公司成长性、市值规模和股价波动性)的调节作用影响.     

Derivatives Use, Corporate Governance, and Legislative Change: An Empirical Analysis of New Zealand Listed Companies

Abstract:   This paper examines if board composition has any systematic bearing on derivatives usage by New Zealand listed companies. We also test if derivative usage changed following the introduction of the new 1993 Companies Act. The Act raised expectations of directors' fiduciary responsibilities and the perceived risk of liability on outside directors for poor investment decisions. Using a dataset of listed New Zealand companies in 1994 and 1997, we find companies with higher growth opportunities and a greater proportion of outside directors were less likely to use financial derivatives following the introduction of the new Act. Our results supplement the US‐based literature on derivatives usage by illustrating that internal governance mechanisms can play a role in corporate derivatives policy, and that the legislative and regulatory environment may affect this role.     

Special Repo Rates: An Empirical Analysis

Duffie (1996) examines the theoretical impact of repo “specials” on the prices of Treasury securities and concludes that, all else the same, an issue on special will carry a higher price than an otherwise identical issue. We examine this hypothesis and find strong evidence in support of it. We also examine whether the liquidity premium associated with “on-the-run” issues is due to repo specialness and find evidence of a distinct effect. Finally, we investigate whether auction tightness and percentage awarded to dealers are related to subsequent specialness and find that both variables àre generally significant.     

中国商业银行治理机制有效性的实证分析

本文利用全国52家商业银行2007年和2008年的年报作为数据来源,对我国商业银行的公司治理机制及其有效性进行了实证分析.研究发现,集中型股权结构显著地降低了银行绩效ROA、ROE,增加了银行的风险,但对EVA没有显著影响.职工监事数量的增加明显提高银行绩效,降低风险,提高了银行效率.大股东的国有性质对ROA和ROE产生了正向影响,但董事会规模有负向影响,独立董事制度对银行绩效没有显著影响,但显著地降低了银行的风险.     

市场竞争的基金治理效应:理论假说与实证检验

论文首先提出了"市场竞争的基金治理效应假说",在此基础上论文以开放式基金为例对我国基金层面的市场竞争结构进行了考察,发现我国基金业存在大基金垄断和一定程度的过度竞争并存的问题;进一步,论文首次给出了衡量基金治理效率的指标体系,并通过实证检验证实了治理效应假说存在,即市场竞争结构对基金治理具有显著影响。     

人民币国际化：计量研究及政策分析

中国经济的迅速发展唤起了人们对世界经济前景的重新思索,而人民币作为国际化货币崛起的可能性则是这其中最引人注目的话题之一。本文通过对各国央行国际储备、贸易结算、以及国际债券中的各国货币比重进行计量分析,意图挖掘影响一国货币国际化水平的内在因素,文章研究得出的显著因素包括:一国的经济发展总量、通货膨胀率、真实利率水平、汇率升(贬)值及波动幅度等。在回归结果上,本文进一步模拟了未来2020年主要国际货币在国际储备、贸易结算及国际债券中的比重,特别是在假设人民币可自由兑换的前提下,人民币在国际货币中可能占据的比重。在完全可兑换假设和最乐观的预测下,到2020年人民币在国际储备和国际债券中的比例可能达到近20%。我们认为完全可以采取一种双轨制的步骤,充分发挥境内、境外两个市场的作用,包括在境内实行有步骤、渐进式的资本账户下可兑换,逐步改善金融市场的运作效率;在境外充分运用香港的优势,尽快扩大人民币证券市场规模,推进人民币国际化的进程。     

债权融资结构与公司治理效率——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

从债务规模、债务期限、债务来源三个维度对上市公司的债权融资治理效率进行实证检验,结果表明,资产负债率与公司绩效显著负相关,债权融资没有发挥应有的治理效应;长期债务和企业债券融资的治理效用是显著的,而商业信用融资与银行借款均不能对上市公司经营者形成有效监督和制约,反而一定程度上加重了上市公司的代理冲突。     

Directors' Recommendations in Takeovers: An Agency and Governance Analysis

Abstract:   This paper evaluates whether directors of target companies make response recommendations in takeovers which are consistent with the interests of shareholders, by examining the relationship between target director recommendations and associated takeover characteristics and ownership and corporate governance characteristics of target companies. The findings suggest that response recommendations appear to be more closely associated with the self‐interest of directors rather than shareholders' concerns, and that common governance initiatives aimed at aligning the interests of shareholders and managers are ineffective in resolving this agency problem. The results suggest the need for legislative or judicial reforms in Australia to encourage takeover activity and reduce takeover hostility.     

公司治理、内部控制与非效率投资:理论分析与经验证据

本文以2007—2010年度A股主板非金融类上市公司为研究对象,在按照非效率投资形成的内在机理对其进行分类的基础上,研究公司治理、内部控制对非效率投资的抑制作用。研究发现,公司治理和内部控制能够抑制公司的非效率投资,公司治理能够有效抑制意愿性非效率投资,内部控制能够有效抑制操作性非效率投资。本文理清了公司治理与内部控制在抑制非效率投资方面的作用差异,发现两者在此过程中存在分工效应。     

我国上市商业银行公司治理绩效的实证研究

商业银行公司治理结构是现代银行制度的核心,对于商业银行的发展具有决定意义的作用。我国上市商业银行是按照现代企业制度的要求建立起来的,在公司治理方面相对我国其他类型银行具有一定的借鉴意义,因此对我国上市商业银行进行研究具有一定的理论和应用价值。本文采用实证研究方法,通过对于商业银行年报中披露的有关公司治理数据的统计分析,考察了公司治理结构中股权结构、董事会特征、监事会特征、高级管理层激励特征等各类治理指标对于商业银行公司业绩的影响关系。     

Islamic Banks and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis

The relative financial strength of Islamic banks is assessed empirically based on evidence covering individual Islamic and commercial banks in 19 banking systems with a substantial presence of Islamic banking. We find that (a) small Islamic banks tend to be financially stronger than small commercial banks; (b) large commercial banks tend to be financially stronger than large Islamic banks; and (c) small Islamic banks tend to be financially stronger than large Islamic banks, which may reflect challenges of credit risk management in large Islamic banks. We also find that the market share of Islamic banks does not have a significant impact on the financial strength of other banks.     

Real Flexibility and Financial Structure: An Empirical Analysis

I examine the empirical relation between real flexibility andfinancial structure. I test whether real flexibility increasesdebt capacity by lowering default risk and making assets moremarketable or decreases debt capacity by facilitating risk shiftingand asset substitution. I measure real flexibility as the sensitivityof marginal production and investment decisions to variationsin the economic environment. I find that financial leverageis negatively related to production flexibility but positivelyrelated to investment flexibility. This split in results suggeststhat although asset substitution facilitated by investment flexibilitycan be prevented contractually, risk shifting facilitated byproduction flexibility is intractable.