A Ricardian model of trade and growth with endogenous trade status

We formulate a two-country, continuum-good Ricardian model of trade and endogenous growth with endogenous trade status. After establishing the existence, uniqueness, and global stability of a balanced growth path, we show that, compared with the old balanced growth path, a permanent fall in the trade cost in any one country: (i) raises the growth rates of capital in all countries for all periods; (ii) increases both the range of the imported varieties and that of the exported varieties in all countries for all periods; and (iii) raises welfare in all countries. Our theoretical predictions are qualitatively consistent with the empirical evidence.     

绿色壁垒与我国农产品贸易

随着经济全球化的加深，贸易自由化的发展，以及全球生态环境的进一步恶化，尤其是GATT／WTO乌拉圭回合谈判的最终协议实施以后，世界贸易组织成员相互扩大开放市场，进一步降低出口关税，削减进出口配额和许可证制，从而使关税壁垒和传统的非关税保护手段的活动余地明显减少。在此情况下，各国为了保护本国市场，纷纷利用世界贸易组织关于环境保护的例外条款，在环境保护上做文章，通过颁布实施严格的环保法规和相对苛刻的环保技术标准，设置绿色贸易壁垒。绿色壁垒客观上是由于各国环境标准法规不一致造成的，主观上则是发达国家为了保…     

Efficient barriers to trade: A sequential trade model with heterogeneous agents

This paper studies the choice of tariffs and other type of consumption taxes and subsidies in a flexible price version of the Prescott [Prescott, Edward C., 1975. Efficiency of the Natural Rate. Journal of Political Economy 83, 1229-1236.] hotels model. It is shown that a country with unstable demand may benefit from a tariff on imports. More surprisingly, the exporting country may also benefit from the tariff. In general, I consider the problem of a world planner who chooses country specific consumption taxes and subsidies. I show that buyers in countries that tend to consume relatively more in the high demand state should be taxed and buyers in countries that tend to consume relatively more in the low demand state should be subsidized.     

临海木制品出口遭遇的贸易壁垒及应对策略

木制品是浙江临海市传统的出口产品之一,近年来出口平稳增长,但也面临较大的出口阻力。本文分析了近年来临海市出口木制品产业的发展现状,梳理了各主要贸易国家针对木制品设置的贸易壁垒,以期寻找恰当的应对策略。     

应对新贸易壁垒

我国加入世贸组织以后，国外对我出口商品的关税壁垒以及许可证、配额等传统非关税壁垒的门槛将逐步降低，但是这并不意味着中国的商品就可以在国际市场上畅通无阻。以技术壁垒为核心的形形色色新贸易壁垒的门槛正在日益提高，并将成为未来我国对外贸易发展的最大障碍，我们对此还缺乏系统的了解。所以，认识新贸易壁垒的内容和主要特点以及新贸易壁垒的发展趋势，对于防范新贸易壁垒对我国对外贸易的负面影响、采取正确的措施突破新贸易壁垒和确保我国对外贸易的可持续发展具有重要的意义。一、新贸易壁垒概述（一）新贸易壁垒的概念所谓新…     

技术性贸易壁垒对中国食品对外贸易的影响

随各国对食品质量、食品安全问题的关注程度日益增强、各国食品加工技术的不断完善,以及各国的食品进口准入条件的提高,都使得我国在食品贸易方面面临着更加苛刻严格的技术性贸易壁垒,贸易环境也相对恶化.本文通过分析我国食品出口中所遇到的技术性贸易壁垒,并由分析结果给出了应对技术性贸易壁垒我国食品的对外贸易所需要注意和改善的方面,及其改善措施.     

劳工标准与贸易壁垒关系辨析

当前,大多数发达是国家强调WTO等国际组织需完善相应的劳工标准,以此控制发展中国家的比较优势.本文通过阐述核心劳工标准,并建立相关的模型,从发展中国家和发达国家两方的角度说明劳工标准既不是发展中国家的比较优势的终结,也并非发达国家贸易的障碍,劳工标准未必是贸易壁垒.     

绿色壁垒对我国贸易的影响浅析

21世纪经济的主旋律将是绿色经济,绿色产品、绿色生产、绿色消费、绿色市场,绿色产业是绿色经济的重要特征,也是生态文明及可持续发展对经济生活的具体要求,追求人与自然共生与循环是不可逆转的趋势.本文主要分析绿色壁垒对我国贸易的影响及对策分析.     

Foreign monetary shocks,differentiated products and international transmission: a two-country model with intra-industry trade

In this paper we study how the impact of a foreign monetary shock is transmitted between two monopolistically competitive economies engaging in intra-industry trade with differentiated products. Intra-industry trade is the only international link that works through the flexible exchange rate affecting national price levels and a product's internal and external relative prices. While national price levels are subject to purchasing power parity, the two relative prices are determined by the interaction between macro and micro variables. In this context, the exchange rate can insulate a national economy perfectly from a foreign monetary shock provided that monopolists adjust prices. Even if monopolists keep prices rigid, this shock only affects domestic real balances and aggregate demand, leaving domestic aggregate output unchanged because the real balances effect is just offset by the resulting unfavorable relative prices effects under the assumption of Spence-Dixit-Stiglitz preferences.     

绿色贸易壁垒的表现形式及发展趋势

绿色贸易壁垒是以保护有限资源、环境和健康为名,通过蓄意制定一系列苛刻的环保标准对来自国外的产品或服务加以限制的一种新的非关税壁垒.作为国际贸易中新的技术壁垒的发展方向,已越来越引起世界各国的高度重视.我国已成为WTO的成员国,研究绿色贸易壁垒的主要表现形式和最新发展趋势,积极采取应对措施,消除绿色贸易壁垒对外贸的不利影响,促进对外贸易的健康发展,显得十分迫切.     

绿色贸易壁垒发展趋势及我国的应对

中国入世以来,对外贸易尤其是出口贸易快速增长,与此同时,各种矛盾与摩擦也屡屡发生,其中绿色壁垒是近年来困扰中国出口企业的主要问题之一.虽然国内学术界对于绿色壁垒进行了多角度的研究,企业、贸促机构、政府相关部门也采取了多种因应对策,但总体效果不佳.尤其是西方国家的绿色壁垒措施的一些新的发展和变化,使得国内出口企业应接不暇,本文拟对近年绿色壁垒一些新的变化趋势进行系统分析,以期对国内企业应对绿色壁垒助一臂之力.     

Unilateral and bilateral trade policies for a minimum-wage economy

This paper considers optimal commercial policy for a trading economy which departs from neo-classical characteristics only in that a minimum-wage constraint gives rise to unemployment. Although for a flexible-wage fully employed economy the Baldwin envelope yields dominant domestic production-cum-trade possibilities, unilateral imposition of an optimum tariff is shown not necessarily to be optimal commercial policy for the minimum-wage economy. Rather, there exists an envelope, derived from foreigners' trade indifference and attained via bilateral trade policy, which dominates the Baldwin envelope when the optimum tariff is zero (as Brecher has shown it can be for a minimum-wage economy), and can still yield superior production-cum-trade possibilities when the optimum tariff is non-zero.     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国对外贸易的影响及对策研究

目前，技术性贸易壁垒的广泛实施不仅阻碍了我国出口贸易的扩大，而且日益成为影响经贸关系正常发展的重要因素。发达国家凭借技术、资金优势，利用技术壁垒来保护国内产业。我国由于技术和资金方面落后于发达国家，出口贸易遭遇了技术性壁垒的严峻挑战。因此，研究TBT对我国的影响，突破TBT的限制，对我国有十分重要的意义。     

国际知识产权壁垒最新发展及我国企业之应对

作为非关税壁垒的一种,国际贸易中的知识产权壁垒的出现导致我国出口企业出现了国际市场份额减少、产品的国际竞争力下降等情况。我国企业应当制定全球知识产权战略、增强企业的自主创新能力、充分发挥企业行会的作用,有效跨越国际知识产权壁垒。     

中法携手40载经贸发展入高端

40年前,毛泽东主席与戴高乐将军的握手,架起了欧亚大陆两个文明古国-中国和法国互通友谊的桥梁;今春,香榭丽舍大道舞起华夏彩绸,今秋,故宫午门奏响法兰西旋律,中法高层互访、互办文化年,将中法经贸合作推入高端,谱写出双边发展的新篇章。     

人世后我国出口贸易应对绿色壁垒的策略分析

绿色贸易壁垒是当代国际贸易发展的新动向,是出现的又一非关税壁垒措施.世界各国利用绿色贸易壁垒来限制外国产品的进入,有一定的歧视性,但绿色贸易壁垒也有积极的一面,它保护了我们的生态环境.在WTO框架下,当关税大幅度降低后,绿色壁垒逐渐开始成为国外限制我国产品出口的主要措施.因此,我们要全面地看待绿色贸易壁垒问题,从我国国情出发,积极采取应对措施,促进我国对外贸易的发展.     

入世后我国出口贸易应对绿色壁垒的策略分析

绿色贸易壁垒是当代国际贸易发展的新动向,是出现的又一非关税壁垒措施.世界各国利用绿色贸易壁垒来限制外国产品的进入,有一定的歧视性,但绿色贸易壁垒也有积极的一面,它保护了我们的生态环境.在WTO框架下,当关税大幅度降低后,绿色壁垒逐渐开始成为国外限制我国产品出口的主要措施.因此,我们要全面地看待绿色贸易壁垒问题,从我国国情出发,积极采取应对措施,促进我国对外贸易的发展.     

Foreign political risk assessment: government instability and nontariff barriers to trade

While many political risk assessments depict government instability as a key variable in estimating foreign business risk, evidence linking government instability and change in policies affecting international businesses is limited and mixed. Is the focus on government instability misplaced? Using a pooled cross-sectional time series design, this study examines the relationship between two measures of government instability (turnover in the head of government and turnover among relevant cabinet ministers) and the use of hard-core non-tariff barriers to imports on a quarterly basis for the countries of South America from 1981 to 1985. Though cabinet turnover appears to bear no relationship with policy change, the findings indicate that turnover in the head of government has a strong positive association with both protectionism and liberalization. This suggests that this kind of government instability is an important element in assessing foreign political risk.