Social choice and telling the truth

This paper presents a straightforward proof of Gibbard's theorem that any non-manipulable choice rule with at least three outcomes is dictatorial. The proof is similar to proofs of Arrow's impossibility theorem, but does not rely on that theorem. The last part of the paper discusses the relation between Gibbard's and Arrow's theorems. The paper contains no new result, and is intended to make this important area of social choice theory accessible to a wider audience.     

Screpanti versus Marx on exploitation: a comment

Abstract

Ernesto Screpanti recently claimed to prove that Marx's value theory is logically inconsistent. Jettisoning the value theory, he then reconstructed Marx's theory of exploitation in a manner that supposedly preserves the gist of the original. This note shows that Screpanti's proof of inconsistency is invalid and that his reconstruction contradicts the original theory of exploitation in significant ways, for instance by implying that workers who perform surplus labor can exploit capitalists.     

On the existence of lindahl equilibria in economies with a measure space of non-transitive consumers

We present a generalization of Roberts' theorem on the existence of Lindahl equilibria in economies with a measure space of agents. The principal contribution of this paper is methodological. We show that by formulating the problem in what we consider to be its natural infinite dimensional setting, the basic structure of Debreu's proof in the theory of value can be applied. Our proof makes use of functional analysis and relies, in particular, on Artstein's characterization of weak sequential convergence in L₁(μ).     

A new proof of the maximum principle

Summary. We offer a new proof of the maximum principle, by using the envelope theorem that is frequently used in the standard microeconomic theory. Received: April 11, 2002; revised version: June 26, 2002 Correspondence to: K. Shimomura     

Reply to Cockshott and Cottrell

This note reaffirms the author's conclusion that measured price–valuecorrelations have been tainted by the influence of industrysize and are therefore spurious. ‘Deflation’ ofsectoral prices and values by costs destroys the correlationonly because the theory in question is false, as the author'soriginal paper proved deductively. Cockshott and Cottrell'sresults do not refute this proof. Deflation destroys the correlationbetween their simulated prices and values precisely becausetheir simulation model assumes that the theory is false.     

Clubs as a case of competitive industry with goods of variable quality

The paper provides a new proof for the optimality of market provision for Buchanan's club goods where club goods are treated as goods of variable quality. This approach extends the theory of clubs, and introduces congestion to the analysis of competitive equilibrium with goods of variable quality.     

SOCIAL CHOICE FROM AN n‐DIMENSIONAL EUCLIDEAN SPACE: A SHORT IMPOSSIBILITY PROOF

Most presentations of social choice theory are difficult for a non‐specialist to follow. This paper attempts to provide some feel for what is going on by providing a short proof of an impossibility theorem in terms of the techniques that are familiar to political‐economists. We illustrate the advantages of this approach with a short proof of an impossibility theorem.     

Content and method: an epistemic perspective on some historical episodes

The double contrast between allocation and process and between formal proof and empirically based reasoning is selectively applied to the history of economics. Hume's rejection of provable knowledge led to Smith's psychological explanation of science and thence to his theory of growth through the division of labour. Marshall's cautious theorizing and cognitively based evolutionary perspective stimulated contrasting responses from Sraffa and Young. Robinson matched method to content but Chamberlin did not, and Andrews's attempt to develop a process-based price theory met more resistance than Penrose's reinvention of growth theory. We currently observe conflicting methods of handling evolution and business strategy.     

A simple proof of the LeChatelier-Samuelson principle and the theory of cost and production

We provide a simple proof of a version of the so-called strong LeChatelier-Samuelson principle particularly suitable for the application to the theory of cost and production. We will illustrate its usefulness and fundamental nature in the case of the classical theory of cost and production.     

Reading Sraffa's Indices – a note *

Piero Sraffa took thirteen years to publish the General Indexto The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo.The Index is compared to others and is shown to be exceptional in that it leads the way to specific interpretations of Ricardo's life and theory. The choice of entries referring to theory is based on Ricardo's own concepts and carefully avoids neoricardian, Marxian and neoclassical terms. Examples discussed concern ‘comparative advantage’ and ‘value’ The entries referring to Ricardo's life are proof of Sraffa's broad historical interests and focus on certain characteristics of Ricardo.     

The macro production function uniquely determines the capacity distribution of the micro units

A wellknown approach to the theory of production obtains the macro production function from an integration over a distribution of capacities of micro units. An elementary proof is given for the fact that the macro production function uniquely determines the capacity distribution.     

Purification, saturation and the exact law of large numbers

Purification results are important in game theory and statistical decision theory. We prove a new purification theorem that generalizes several earlier results. The key idea of our proof is to make use of the exact law of large numbers. As an application, we show that every mixed strategy in games with finite players, general action spaces and diffused, conditionally independent incomplete information has many strong purifications.     

Unprotected resources and voracious world markets: A proof of losses in North–South Trade

This paper develops a generalization of Chichilnisky's [Chichilnisky, G., 1994. North–South Trade and the global environment. American Economic Review 84 (4), 851–874.] model of North–South Trade, making use of the dual theory of international trade. The central purpose is to provide rigorous proof of the previously unproven assertion that the South can lose from trade and from price changes that normally constitute terms-of-trade improvements.     

Asset-return anomalies in a monetary economy

This paper provides a general equilibrium, choice theoretic, spatial model which explains the preference for holding barren money rather than interest-bearing securities or capital goods. Put somewhat differently, it examines standard asset pricing relationships in the context of a fully articulated monetary economy and delivers various asset-return anomalies. In seeking to integrate the theory of value with the theory of money, a fairly general proof of the existence of a monetary equilibrium is provided.     

期望效用理论与前景理论的一致性

经济中存在着大量的不确定性,人们在不确定情况下的决策行为是公司资本结构、期权定价等问题的理论基础.自从冯?诺伊曼和摩根斯坦的经典著作《博弈论和经济行为》问世以来,期望效用理论一直被奉为理性人在不确定情况下进行决策的准则,在期望效用理论的基础上,建立起了资本资产定价模型、有效市场等一系列经济理论.然而随着实验经济学的发展,经济学家发现人们在实际决策中会出现一些违反期望效用准则的异象.1979年,卡尼曼和特沃斯基的论文前景理论,解释了这些异象,并成为行为金融学的理论基础.该文在介绍这两种理论主要思想的基础上证明,在一个理性人应当遵循的代数结合律公理的条件下,前景理论和期望效用理论的结论是一样的.     

An alternative proof of Fishburn’s axiomatization of lexicographic preferences

We present an alternative proof of Fishburn’s (1975) axiomatization of lexicographic preferences. The essence of our proof lies in identifying “an extremely pivotal factor”. Our proof reconfirms the strong interconnections between Arrow’s and Gibbard–Satterthwaite’s theorems with Fishburn’s axiomatization.     

论复杂劳动与简单劳动协同创造价值--关于马克思主义劳动价值论现代化的一般思考

本文认为,复杂劳动与简单劳动的协同劳动是当今时代的基本事实,这个基本事实可以归结为马克思主义劳动价值论的公理性假设,可以归结为复杂劳动与简单劳动协同创造价值.本文并以生产力二重性质理论作为重建的马克思主义劳动价值论的理论基础和现代演绎的叙述方法作为它的现代拓展的方法基础,提供较为充分而有力的证明.文章最后并倡导了一个解决劳动创造价值中时间异质因素难题的重要的理论分析工具:内生生产力.     

论证据法学的学科称谓与归属

在证据法学基本范畴之系列中,首要的范畴就是＂证据法学＂本身这个概念问题。论者结合历史研究和语义分析,对＂证据法学＂作为一个范畴的称谓选择、基本含义、学科归属以及主要内容体系进行了研究和阐述。选取＂证据法学＂这个称谓是正确的,证据法学是指对证据运用（证明）的立法和实践进行理论概括的法学学科,其理论体系应当完整地包括基础论、证明论和证据论三大板块。     

河南产业集群选择问题统计研究

以区域经济的产业集群理论为出发点,运用主成分分析方法和聚类分析方法,选取了反映区域经济发展水平的9个指标,对河南省18个地区的经济水平进行了划分和区域分类,并据此进行综合评价,为河南省制定区域经济的发展战略、形成产业集群提供了量化依据。