对制定我国税法通则的思考

制定我国税法通则是完善税法体系、深化税制改革的需要，是坚持税收法定主义原则、依法治税的需要，应借鉴有关国家建立税收“母法”的经验，尽快制定我国的税法通则。     

Distance,Language, Religion,and the Law of One Price: Evidence from Canada and Nigeria

We examine the impact of physical distance, language, and religion on Law of One Price (LOP) deviations across interwar Canadian and modern Nigerian cities. The data comprise monthly average retail prices for narrowly defined goods collected by national statistical agencies. We find that differences in the fraction of the city population sharing a common language and religion have a significant impact on LOP deviations. The impact of language differences is consistent with a recently developed theory in which both trade costs and differences in signal–noise ratios contribute to LOP deviations.     

Corruption,growth, and governance: Private vs. state-owned firms in Vietnam

We provide a firm-level analysis of the relation between corruption and growth for private firms and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Vietnam. We obtain three different measures of the perceived corruption severity from a 2005 survey among 741 private firms and 133 SOEs. We find that corruption hampers the growth of Vietnam’s private sector, but is not detrimental for growth in the state sector. We document significant differences in the corruption severity across 24 provinces in Vietnam that can be explained by the quality of provincial public governance (such as the costs of new business entry, land access, and private sector development policies). Our results suggest that corruption may harm economic growth because it favors the state sector at the expense of the private sector and that improving the quality of local public governance can help to mitigate corruption and stimulate economic growth.     

养老机构安全事故演化机理和风险管控法治化路径

本文描述了火灾、疫病流行、侵犯人身权益等风险敞口在不同类型养老机构中的暴露程度,阐释了险源循着点源、离散集中源、线源、面源而演变,直至逼近临界点或遇有导火索而引爆事故的机理。本文结合养老机构事故案例分析发现:消除“不安全状态和不安全行为”是切断事故因果链的关键一环;路径依赖中的自我强化和沉没成本对安全管理升级产生不利影响。本文从法治化建设的视角对养老机构安全风险管控路径提出建议:赋予消防执法改革更高层级的法律依据;依法完善养老机构疫情防控举措和《养老机构服务合同》;注重安全风险管控中的补偏救弊;强化突发安全事故的应急处置等。本文基于对调研资料和相关案例由表及里的剖析,使这些来源于基层实践的素材能够在理论层面还原实践且具有政策价值。     

论我国《公司法》修改中对董事注意义务规则的完善--兼析业务判断规则对董事注意义务的衡平

本次<公司法>修改草案中,有关董事注意义务的条款得以补充.本文以此为出发点,比较了忠实义务与注意义务的不同,分析了普通法判例中业务判断规则与董事注意义务之间的关系,并论述了我国<公司法>修改中引入董事注意义务及业务判断规则的理论价值和现实意义.     

Time series decomposition and measurement of business cycles, trends and growth cycles

A study of business cycles does not require trend estimation and elimination, but a study of growth cycles does. Major cyclical slowdowns and speedups deserve to be analyzed, but the needed time series decomposition presents difficult problems, mainly because trends and cycles influence each other. We compare cyclical movements in levels, deviations from trend, and smoothed growth rates for both the quarterly real GDP and the monthly U.S. Coincident Index—using the phase average trend (PAT). Then we compare alternative trend estimates, deterministic and stochastic, linear and nonlinear, and the corresponding series of deviations from these trends. We discuss how the resulting estimates differ for U.S. growth cycles in the post-World War II period. The results of PAT show great similarity to the results obtained with the Hodrick-Prescott, local linear trend, band-pass filtering methods.     

关于完善反腐倡廉体系的思考

腐败问题是目前全球广泛关注的热点问题之一,也是我国面临的最大社会污染和重大政治挑战。目前我国腐败现象之所以蔓延,虽然有其社会、经济、文化等各种原因,但从反腐倡廉层面上分析,其体系不健全是重要原因。本文通过对腐败的现实状况、形成原因的分析,探讨了完善反腐倡廉体系的对策和途径。     

税法学理论发展对经济法法治建设的影响

税法作为经济法之下的一个重要的法律部门,其理论发展明显超过了其他部门经济法的研究,也为进一步的经济法法治建设提供了相应的指导。具体而言,这种指导作用主要体现在主体平等、利益对等、程序公正、立法统一四个方面。     

试论我国财税法律体系的完善

经济的和谐发展呼吁完善的财税法律体系。目前,我国传统财税法律体系已经不能适应和谐发展的新要求,以科学发展观为指导,创新财税法学研究方法和研究范式,构建新的财税法律体系和拓展财税法学的理论空间,已经成为财税理论研讨中的新趋势。因此,宜从我国财政危机的法律原因入手,分析产生这些问题的法治根源,并提出创新财税法治观念、构建新的财税法律体系的思路。     

Price determinants of Aboriginal art, and its role as an alternative asset class

This paper analyzes auction results for over 4000 paintings by Australian Aboriginal artists to investigate determinants of prices in the Aboriginal art market. This is the first financial study of an indigenous art market, and hedonic, repeat sales and hybrid regression analyses find it shares price determinants with traditional art markets (with price premia attached to artist name, death, painting size, leading auction house, and winter sale). However, Aboriginal art’s unique features significantly affect prices, particularly works that use traditional Aboriginal media and those with reputation-affirming traits. An Aboriginal Art Index provides 6.6% annual return (standard deviation 17.9%), which is comparable to traditional asset classes and superior on a risk-adjusted basis. Returns to Aboriginal art are negatively correlated with returns from other assets, and so it adds value to a diversified investment portfolio.     

对金融监管腐败的制度约束与博弈分析

如何积极有效地防范金融监管腐败是当前一个重大课题。本文分析了金融监管腐败形成的必要条件，探讨了防范金融监管腐败的制度约束办法，并建立一个博弈模型，讨论了金融监管反腐各个因素之间的关系。结果表明，要有效防范金融监管腐败，反腐机构要在查办和惩罚两个方面加大力度，强化金融监管部门业务经费的透明度管理，重点打击中小案件，既要事前重成慑，也要事后抓惩治，降低腐败的期望效益。     

Corruption as an organizational process: Understanding the logic of the denormalization of corruption

This article discusses the basic assumptions of an individualist vision on corruption. A different argument based on “social density” of the phenomenon is proposed instead: the process of normalization of corruption. Under this umbrella, corruption is a political concept that looks to impose a particular vision on what are “right” behaviors based on a sharp and unrealistic separation of the public and private sphere. A review of the organizational literature on corruption is developed, with the aim of understanding how organizational processes of socialization triggers behaviors that make corrupt acts to appear as “normal” under the organizational logic. Persons find themselves in a “slippery slope”, generating agreements and social dynamics that are able to produce corrupt logics under the normal life of an organization. A plea for discussing the social processes needed to “un-normalize” corruption is defended a conceptualization that goes beyond an individualist and moralist vision of the phenomenon.     

Bridging the Gaps: Credits,Adoption, and Inequality

We examine here the role of credits on technology adoption and inequality from the perspective of developing countries. Utilizing a model of exogenous growth, with heterogeneous labor and technical progress embodied in physical capital, we find that credits can contribute to a faster adoption and to reducing income inequality. Thus, a virtuous cycle of credits, a shorter technological gap, less inequality, and economic growth is feasible to be created when there is full liquidity in the market. When credits are constrained, the cycle loses virtuosity, where the economy can lose up to two points in growth due to credit constraints.     

证券监管者与中介机构博弈下的腐败行为分析

在证券市场中,中介机构为特定单位、个人提供专业服务,因其在特定领域有所专长而受到公众信赖;然而,中介机构往往滥用这种信赖和专业优势,做出有损于当事人或其他人合法利益的不当行为。中介机构作为市场的参与者必然会受到监管部门的监督与管理,它的不当行为可能导致监管者的腐败,而当监管者存在腐败行为时,也会进一步诱致中介机构的非理性选择。本文将主要探讨证券监管者的腐败行为,并分析监管者的心理特征,进而构建中介机构与监管者的博弈模型。     

以提高经济增长质量为重心全面贯彻科学发展观

科学发展观的提出表明了我们党对社会主义经济发展规律认识的不断深化,用科学发展观审视并指导我们实践,是当前经济工作中的一项重要内容。因此,把握贯彻科学发展观的主要内容,研究提高经济增长质量的措施等是当前经济工作的重点。     

公用企业产品公平交易的法经济学分析

市场经济既是法治经济也是道德经济,因而,实现公平交易是企业与其消费者之间的合理状态。然而在我们国家具体的经济运行过程中,由于市场参与主体不同的利益关系（特别是公用企业与其消费者之间的交易）、法制环境的不完善以及公用企业自身的特点,就很可能出现交易的结果与公平性的原则相违背的现象,影响整体的社会效益。本篇文章主要是运用法经济学的分析方法,综合分析公平交易的系统性因素,研究不同主体利益最大化的决策路径,为构建公平交易所需要的法制环境提出有效的建议。     

论韩国违反金融适合性原则的民事责任

韩国资本市场法首次规定了金融适合性原则,在此之前,韩国法院自20世纪90年代起就开始对金融机构违反适合性原则的民事责任进行判决,确定了不能仅以违反适合性原则而应当结合金融机构是否从事了不当劝诱和违反了保护义务等事实进行综合判断违法性的基准。但韩国立法和司法存在的缺陷是:资本市场法并未直接规定违反适合性原则的民事责任,法院认定违反适合性原则的民事责任的性质也仅为侵权责任,且举证责任主要由投资者负担等。借鉴韩国的立法和司法经验,同时摒弃其立法和司法缺陷,有助于完善我国金融法制和审判。     

Productivity, tradability, and the long-run price puzzle

Long-run cross-country price data exhibit a puzzle. Today, richer countries exhibit higher price levels than poorer countries, a stylized fact usually attributed to the Balassa-Samuelson (BS) effect. But looking back 50 years, this effect virtually disappears from the data. What is often assumed to be a universal property is actually quite specific to recent times, emerging a half century ago and growing steadily over time. What might potentially explain this historical pattern? We develop an updated BS model inspired by recent developments in trade theory, where a continuum of goods are differentiated by productivity, and where tradability is endogenously determined. Firms experiencing productivity gains are more likely to become tradable and crowd out firms not experiencing productivity gains. As a result the usual BS assumption—that productivity gains be concentrated in the traded goods sector—emerges endogenously, and the BS effect on relative price levels likewise evolves gradually over time.     

The Law of Proportionate Effect: The Growth of the UK Credit Union Movement at National and Regional Level

Abstract:   This study examines credit union size‐growth relationships within the context of Gibrat's law of proportionate effect. This relates to the hypothesis that the growth of each firm in each period is random. The analysis covers the period 1994 to 2000 and is undertaken separately for the United Kingdom (UK) and its regions, Northern Ireland, England & Wales and Scotland. Sample attrition is a characteristic of the data and to avoid the problem of survivorship bias the inverse of the Mill's ratio, obtained from a probit regression for surviving credit unions, is introduced into the estimating relationship. In terms of the empirical results, little evidence emerged to support the law of proportionate effect as a theoretical paradigm. Although not universal, three broad findings emerged. First, small credit unions on average grow faster than their larger counterparts, although there was also some evidence of non‐linearity in this relationship. Secondly, growth persistence pertained with credit unions which experienced above average growth (below average growth) in one period, experiencing above average growth (below average growth) in the next. Thirdly, variability of growth was not independent of size with the cross‐sectional variance of the error term inversely related to size suggesting that small credit unions have greater growth variability than larger ones.     

The cross-sectional relation between conditional heteroskedasticity,the implied volatility smile,and the variance risk premium

This paper estimates how the shape of the implied volatility smile and the size of the variance risk premium relate to parameters of GARCH-type time-series models measuring how conditional volatility responds to return shocks. Markets in which return shocks lead to large increases in conditional volatility tend to have larger variance risk premia than markets in which the impact on conditional volatility is slight. Markets in which negative (positive) return shocks lead to larger increases in future volatility than positive (negative) return shocks tend to have downward (upward) sloping implied volatility smiles. Also, differences in how volatility responds to return shocks as measured by GARCH-type models explain much, but not all, of the variations in excess kurtosis and multi-period skewness across different markets.