Charles F. McGovern. Sold American: Consumption and Citizenship, 1890 1945

Charles McGovern's Sold American: Consumption and Citizenship,1890–1945, explains how Americans came to see consumerismas central to their national identity. More specifically, itexamines how two key interest groups—advertisers and consumeractivists—battled over and ultimately helped define thepolitical meaning of consumerism. According to McGovern, in the early twentieth-century, advertisersassumed consumers were "childlike, irrational, ungovernable,and unpredictable" (p.60), and hoped to sway this malleablemass by convincing them of the deeper value of consumerism.To     

"You know we are not an Employment Agency": Manpower, Government, and the Development of the Temporary Help Industry in Britain

This article looks at the early development of the temporaryhelp industry in Britain. It focuses on the activities of oneof the largest suppliers of temporary workers, Manpower, inthe late 1960s and early 1970s. Drawing on material from TheUK National Archives, the article examines Manpower's effortsto gain access as a genuine employer to the state employmentexchange network to advertise their temporary vacancies. Thearticle reveals the incremental changes in attitude within thegovernment towards Manpower's activities and argues that thisgave the company a competitive advantage over other employmentagencies, facilitating their development of relations with thegovernment and the trade unions in Britain over the 1970s and1980s. The main conclusion of the article is that explicit attentionneeds to be paid to the actions and strategies of agencies themselvesin order to develop an adequate understanding of the growthand development of the temporary help industry.     

Evans,W. A. Advertising Today and Tomorrow. Great Britain: George Allen and Unwin, 1974

Abstract

This study reports on developments in the international advertising agency business during the 1970s. Findings suggest that U.S. agencies remain the dominant force in international advertising in contrast to the declining performance of U.S. industry in other sectors. Specifically, American agencies have found faster growth in their overseas markets leading to continually larger shares of their total billings; there has been a growing concentration in the international business of U.S. agencies and in the industry internationally; and, the international experience of U.S. agencies has led to a growing penetration of foreign markets, to growth in productivity, and to increasing domestic market power. Results of the study indicate however, that U.S. agencies may be facing increasing challenges from non-U.S. agencies in the future; notably from the West European, Japanese, and some developing countries.     

EZB-Krisenpolitik: OMT-Programm, Vollzuteilungspolitik und Lender of Last Resort

This paper applies the economic argumentation put forth by the OMT’s opponents before the German Federal Constitutional Court [Bundesverfassungsgericht] to the full allotment policy practiced by the ECB since October 2008. The comparison shows that under this line of reasoning, the full allotment policy also contravenes the ECB’s mandate. Ultimately, therefore, the ECB is not in court because of monetary financing, but rather in its role as a lender of last resort. Accordingly, a court decision against the OMT would endorse an economic argumentation which contradicts 150 years of modern central bank history.     

Readings in Public and Nonprofit Marketing. Lovelock,Christopher H., and Charles B. Weinberg. Palo Alto,Calif.: The Scientific Press,the Stanford Barn, 1978

Abstract

In a recent paper, Johar and Sirgy have proposed a hypothesis that value-expressive advertising appeals are persuasive when the product is value-expressive, whereas utilitarian appeals are persuasive when the product is utilitarian. Johar and Sirgy suggested that future research be directed at testing these hypotheses. This comment points out that direct support for these hypotheses already exists. The experimental evidence in support of these and related predictions is discussed. Suggestions for future research on the effectiveness of utilitarian versus value-expressive appeals are offered.     

Advertising, 2nd Edition. Runyon,Kenneth E. Columbus,OH: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1984. 702 pp

Abstract

Despite cultural similarities between the United States and the United Kingdom, there are substantial differences between American and British television advertising. British commercials tend to contain less information, employ a soft sell rather than a hard sell approach, and attempt to entertain the viewer. British viewers' opinions of advertising are also more favorable than those of American viewers. It is important that scholars and practitioners concerned with these two markets and with international advertising generally be aware of these differences and understand why they have evolved. Possible explanations are evaluated and implications of these findings discussed, including areas for future research.     

加拿大天宇网络公司就合资企业被迫解散在美国法院告四川省政府案评析

加拿大天宇公司因设在中国的合资企业被迫解散,在美国法院告中国相关的地方政府。中国地方政府先要求将该案从美国州法院移转到联邦地区法院。原告就超过时限为由提出上诉。美国上诉法院支持了美国联邦地区法院基于对《外国主权豁免法》的解释以及适用,维持了联邦地区法院的判决。本文在介绍该案的基本案情基础上,归纳了巡回上诉法院判决的理由,并对中国地方政府如何应对类似情况的法律问题进行了评析。