Europe's Single Banking Market

This article provides an overview of the main principles underlying the regulatory for banks in Europe.     

欧洲主权债务危机的发展与应对之策

受近期希腊债务违约风险上升、欧债危机向核心国蔓延、欧洲银行业融资缺口扩大等负面因素冲击,欧洲金融市场遭遇大幅动荡。文章指出,在短期内,防止希腊债务违约是遏制欧债危机进一步蔓延、防范债务危机与银行危机并发的关键;长期而言,欧元及欧盟运作机制的改革将不可避免,完善退出机制将是欧元区长期稳定运作的基石。     

Determinants of loan securitization in European banking

Analyzing 75 securitizing and non-securitizing stock-listed banks in the EU-13 plus Switzerland over the period from 1997 to 2010, this paper provides empirical evidence that loan securitization in Europe is a composite decision based on bank-specific as well as market- and country-specific determinants. In addition, we find that these determinants remarkably change when separately investigating securitization transactions during the pre-crisis and crisis period. Moreover, results from several subsample regressions reveal that determinants of loan securitizations in Europe depend on the transaction type, the underlying asset portfolio and the regulatory and institutional environment under which banks operate.     

Market Power in European Banking Sectors

We analyze the evolution of market power in the main banking sectors of the European Union. The evolution of the relative margins does not show an increase in the degree of competition within the EU. The explanatory factors of the relative margins most directly related to market power are not significant, and even have a negative influence (concentration in the deposits market). The size and efficiency of banks, default risk, and the economic cycle have a notable capacity to explain the behavior of the market power. The results show the inadequacy of using concentration measures as proxy for the competition environment in banking markets.     

European banking integration, ten years after

Ten years ago, the White Paper on the Completion of the Single Market announced the integration of European banking markets. the purpose of this essay is to identify four public issues that remain to be addressed. Home country control of international banks need to be complemented by host country control. the deposit guarantee schemes should be modified by rendering insured deposits ‘first order claim’. A European authority is needed to ensure that banks do not exploit domestic rents to subsidise international activities. Finally, tax evasion is a fourth issue that remains to be addressed.     

Consolidation and Competition in the Banking Industries of the EU Member and Candidate Countries

This paper investigates competitive conditions in the banking markets of all EU member and candidate countries over the period 1995-2007. The Panzar and Rosse (1987) model is implemented on bank-level data. In particular, the unscaled revenue equation is employed to assess market structure. Country-specific empirical results suggest a wide variation in the competitive conditions of the banking systems in the sampled countries. Nineteen banking systems are characterized as monopolistically competitive, nine as monopolies or perfectly colluding oligopolies, and two as perfectly competitive over the sample period. This study also investigates whether competition conditions changed over the sample period, using 2001 as an endogenously determined break year. The empirical evidence reveals that banking systems became less competitive after that time.     

Efficiency and Stock Performance in European Banking

Abstract:   Recent competitive pressures have progressively driven banks to strategically focus on generating returns to shareholders. Therefore, the investigation of the determinants of bank performance and their relationship with share prices has become increasingly important. This paper extends the literature on market‐based accounting to examine the relationship between stock prices and efficiency. Specifically, it investigates if changes in stock performance can be explained by changes in operating efficiency, derived by parametric and non‐parametric methods. Results seem to suggest that changes in efficiency are reflected in changes in stock prices and that stocks of cost efficient banks tend to outperform their inefficient counterparts.     

欧洲银行保险的发展及其对中国的启示

银行保险正在全球范围内迅速发展,逐渐成为寿险产品的主要销售渠道。欧洲是公认的银行保险发展最为成熟的地区。但由于法律监管环境、银保合作模式、银保产品设计及营销方式等因素的不同,法国、西班牙、意大利等南欧国家相对于德国和英国,银行保险的作用和地位更为显著。这些因素的分析对中国银行保险进一步发展具有一定的借鉴意义。针对中国银保市场上产品种类单一、手续费恶性竞争、营销手段落后等一系列问题,本文建议应从放宽法律环境、尝试股权合作模式、打造合理的薪酬制度、促进产品的转型和创新、建立合理的营销体系等方面加以改革完善。     

影响我国城市化进程的因素分析

加速城市化进程是我国经济发展的重要战略和途径.在城市化过程中,我们将遇到各种有利和不利因素.我国正处于城市化加速阶段、经济高增长的支撑和"后发优势"等是我们应该并能够发挥的有利因素.农村人口多、经济增长的就业弹性下降及经济体制改革导致的城市失业增加等因素将对我国的城市化产生不利影响.     

对银行业市场进入壁垒的分析与思考

市场进入壁垒的构成以及程度大小是重要的产业结构特征,可以影响产业的市场结构、竞争程度以及市场效率,影响进入这个市场的企业的各种行为。本文主要分析了银行业市场进入壁垒的类型以及影响,对我国银行业市场进入壁垒的设定以及降低提出了自己的看法。     

Testing for Opaqueness in the European Banking Industry: Evidence from Bond Credit Ratings

The question of whether banks are relatively more opaque than non-banking firms is empirically investigated by analyzing the disagreement between rating agencies (split ratings) on 2,473 bonds issued by European firms during the 1993–2003 period. Four main results emerge from the empirical analysis. First, fewer bank issues have split ratings overall, but the predicted probability of a split rating is higher for banks after controlling for risk and other issue characteristics. Second, subordinated bonds are subject to more disagreement between rating agencies. Third, bank opaqueness increases with financial assets and decreases with bank fixed assets. Fourth, bank opaqueness increases with bank size and capital ratio. The implications of these findings for regulatory policy are also discussed. All errors remain those of the author. This paper was prepared while the author was visiting the Department of Finance, Insurance and Real Estate at the Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Florida.     

银行业支持山东半岛蓝色经济区建设研究

银行业的支持对加快山东半岛蓝色经济区建设至关重要。完善区内银行业体系、加强产品创新、组建专业的＂蓝色银行＂等举措的实施,能极大地推动山东半岛蓝色经济区核心竞争力的提升和区域经济的发展。     

Banks' home bias in government bond holdings: Will banks in low‐rated countries invest in European safe bonds (ESBies)?

This paper offers two new explanations for banks' home bias in government bond holdings: a sovereign‐based rating cap on corporates and the existence of a ‘bank tax.’ These are complementary to the four explanations offered in the literature: risk‐shifting, gambling for resurrection, moral suasion, and a means to store liquidity for financing future investment. Collectively, they cast doubt on the European Union's demand‐led approach to investment in European safe bonds (ESBies) by banks in low‐rated countries. Bank regulations such as constraints on large exposure or risk‐based capital on credit risk concentration will be needed if the objective is to break the so‐called ‘deadly embrace.’     

捷克、波兰银行业免疫于欧债危机原因浅析

欧债危机中,捷克、波兰银行业保持平稳较快增长,文章将其原因归纳为：国内政治稳定,政府债务水平较低,劳动力具有竞争优势,与德国的经贸联系紧密,拥有独立的货币政策,未出现严重的资本外逃。文章认为两国银行业未来仍将保持增长潜力,并总结了两国银行业发展经验带来的启示。