新加坡的贸易新策略

研究近年来新加坡对外贸易发展的新趋势,从贸易数据显示,经济全球化导致了新加坡经济的急剧波动,这促使新加坡政府采用新的贸易策略———建立双边FTAs。列举一系列新加坡签订的或正在协商中的FTAs,然后从多个角度具体分析新加坡采用该策略的原因,并预期其良好的发展前景。     

Evidence of Changing Contestability in Commercial Airline Markets During the 1980s

In recent years, rising market concentration has been cited as an indicator of deregulation-induced troubles within the U.S. commercial airline industry. In this paper, a contestable market framework is used to examine whether changes in market concentration increased airfares in 19 different destination markets at three different points in time. The empirical analyses indicate that concentration measures gained in importance in setting airfares during the 1980s suggesting that market contestability may have declined. The estimates also show that the demand for air travel, on average, became more own-price elastic over the 1980s for the 19 destination cities analyzed.     

国际旅游服务业产业内贸易的影响因素

文章使用Crubel-Lloyd IIT指数,运用非线性Logit模型对国际旅游服务业产业内贸易的影响因素进行经验分析.分析结果表明人均收入差异程度、市场集中度、对外直接投资、两国间的直线距离以及旅游资源差异程度与国际旅游服务业产业内贸易程度正相关;贸易不平衡度、市场规模差异程度、市场开放差异程度、跨国公司和其国外子公司之间的贸易流以及交通质量差异程度与国际旅游服务业产业内贸易程度负相关.     

Singapore and the New Regionalism: Bilateral Trade Linkages with Japan and the US

Free Trade Areas (FTAs) have recently become an integral part of Singapore trade policy. This paper discusses the reasons behind Singapore's recent embracement of ‘new regionalism’ with particular reference to the proposals to form FTAs with Japan and the US. The paper goes on to examine various aspects of Singapore's trade linkages with the two economic superpowers in some detail. Popular discussion of FTAs gives one the appearance that such a trade policy is entirely benign. The paper sounds a cautionary note, highlighting some reasons to be concerned with Singapore's recent embracement of the ‘new regionalism’.     

国际贸易与投资理论的新发展: 新制度经济学分析

新制度经济学在国际贸易和投资相关研究领域的渗透并非一个新现象,内部化理论就是在新制度经济学的影响下产生的。21世纪初,新制度经济学和国际贸易与投资理论出现了新的融合趋势,从原来的简单运用发展到将不完全契约直接融入不完全竞争条件下的跨国公司组织形式选择的一般均衡模型分析,甚至直接在新制度经济学的产权理论框架下分析跨国公司的组织选择行为。这一理论上的整合对于分析跨国公司在发展中国家的直接投资及其组织形式具有重要意义。     

李嘉图国际贸易理论的新兴古典分析--交易效率、偏好对国际贸易的影响

李嘉图的比较成本理论作为国际贸易理论不可动摇的基础,具有重要的理论价值。而新兴古典贸易理论的发展,为解释国内贸易和国际贸易提供了一个统一的理论框架。其核心在于该理论独特的分析工具:超边际分析方法。采用新兴古典经济学的超边际分析方法,引入交易效率和偏好,对李嘉图的国际贸易理论进行新的分析,可以得出很多有价值的结论。本文通过建立同时存在李嘉图外生比较技术差异和交易成本的新兴古典模型,探讨了交易效率和偏好对国际贸易的影响。为贸易政策的制定提供了理论依据。一国在制定对外贸易政策时,应从改变交易效率、偏好结构的角度出发,制定有利于本国的贸易政策,从而改善其外贸条件,进一步促进其国际贸易的发展。     

The Internet and International Consumer Markets

ABSTRACT

The Internet provides consumers around the world with a new mechanism for expanding and enhancing the information used to evaluate products and a new channel for making purchases. The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of this new information environment for global markets. The critical role that information access plays in shaping global markets is examined. Implications for research on consumers in global markets are drawn.     

国际贸易理论发展思路及新趋向

国际贸易理论自产生以来已经经历了200多年历史,期间经历了古典、新古典、当代贸易理论的演变。国际贸易理论在不断适应新的背景要求和面对国际贸易新现象的挑战过程中逐步完善和发展。为了适应21世纪全球经济变化对理论先行的要求,本文从梳理传统国际贸易理论的思路出发,分析了战后新的现象对国际贸易理论的挑战和当代国际贸易理论的发展过程。得出清晰的判断,即:国际贸易理论在研究内容和研究方法上均呈现微观发展趋势,同时出现与其他多领域理论研究跨领域、跨学科融合趋势。     

对标新加坡提升自贸试验区贸易便利化的路径与思考——以上海自贸试验区为例

按照国务院批准的上海自贸试验区《深化方案》、《深改方案》要求,上海自贸试验区在对标国际通行规则,建设开放度最高的自由贸易园区方面进行了积极探索。本文以上海自贸试验区为例,在对标新加坡贸易便利化的做法以及WTO《贸易便利化协议》和相关FTA协议贸易便利化条款分析差距的基础上,提出提升自贸试验区贸易便利化水平的对策建议。     

Agricultural Trade Reform and the Doha Development Agenda

This paper examines the extent to which various regions, and the world as a whole, could gain from multilateral trade reform over the next decade. The World Bank's Linkage model of the global economy is employed to examine the impact first of current trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible outcomes from the WTO's Doha Round. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in sub‐Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (and in Cairns Group countries) proportionately more than in other developing countries or high‐income countries. Real returns to farmland and unskilled labour, and real net farm incomes, would rise substantially in those developing‐country regions, thereby helping to reduce poverty. A Doha partial liberalisation could take the world some way towards those desirable outcomes, but more so the more agricultural subsidies are disciplined and applied tariffs are cut, and the more not just high‐income but also developing countries choose to engage in the process of reform.     

国际贸易中信用证惯例的新发展——UCP600与出口企业

国际商会<跟单信用证统一惯例>(UCP600)将于2007年7月1日起施行,该惯例的新规定、新变化、新发展值得关注,而该惯例可能带来的新问题值得思考.文章从出口企业(受益人)的角度对此进行分析,以期提供借鉴和参考.     

棉花生产量、贸易量变动与国际棉价波动的实证分析——以棉花主产国和贸易国为例

本文运用葛兰杰因果关系检验法对国际市场棉花价格与世界主要棉花生产国的棉花生产量和主要棉花贸易国①的棉花贸易量之间的因果关系进行了检验,并对存在因果关系的变量进行了回归分析,研究结果表明:国际市场棉花价格与世界主要棉花生产国的棉花生产量之间存在反向变动关系,而与世界主要棉花贸易国的棉花贸易量之间的关系不确定。对棉花进口需求量较大的国家而言,其在棉花的国际市场上并不遵循一般意义上的定价规律。     

Greenfield Entry Strategy of Multinational Enterprises in the Emerging Markets: Influences of Institutional Distance and International Trade Freedom

This article addresses greenfield entry strategy of multinational enterprises in emerging markets by analyzing the influences of formal and informal institutional distance as well as international trade freedom. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 263 greenfield market entries in manufacturing sector undertaken by Finnish firms during 1990–2013. The study results revealed that high formal and informal institutional distances led to the preference of greenfield JVs. The study also found that high level of international trade freedom moderates the influences of formal and informal institutional distances on greenfield entry strategy.     

国内需求与国际贸易:一个综述

现如今,各国厂商纷纷瞄准消费大国,通过价格、技术及品牌等手段相互竞争来占领目标市场,获取贸易利益,已成为当前国际贸易格局的基本态势。对一国而言,拥有较大的国内需求市场,能否为其国际贸易创造优势呢?本文在对从传统的比较优势理论到规模报酬递增理论文献梳理的基础上,阐述了国内需求与国际贸易的动因、格局、利益之间的关系,探讨了国内需求对国际贸易的作用机制,并进行了简要的评论。     

Integrated Marketing Communications and New Product Performance in International Markets

ABSTRACT

This research probes marketing communications for international product launch. Marketing communications is found to be more visible if the firm is more marketing proficient and the market is more turbulent. The communicated messages are less consistent when the firm is more proficient in marketing and the market is more hostile, but more consistent when the firm is more internationalized and the market is more turbulent. Both visibility and message consistency of marketing communications enhance new product performance. However, greater visibility lowers message consistency, implying that message and media strategies for international product launch need to be carefully formulated and handled.     

国际贸易的全成本观:一个新的理论视角

国际贸易理论和现实的最新进展表明,比较优势理论的要素基础需要进一步广义化。一个国家要形成自身的比较优势,除了考虑劳动、资本、土地等传统要素,制度、生态环境等要素也不可或缺。基于广义要素的成本可定义为全成本,它是包括生产成本、交易成本、环境成本和代际成本的动态开放系统。全成本构成了一国参与国际分工的比较优势的基础。     

时间价值与国际自由贸易新论

时间是一个特殊的经济学变量,时间投资的正确与否将影响收益的大小。而把时间投资中的新概念——时间机会成本和边际时间机会成本引入国际自由贸易中,以时间投资收益和时间机会成本的大小为标准,来分析贸易双方的利益得失和分配,将使国际自由贸易的发展方向更加明确化。所以这种全新的分析模式将为国际自由贸易理论的研究开创美好的未来。