Structure of research on biomass and bio-fuels: A citation-based approach

Biomass and bio-fuels have gained a growing interest as sustainable and renewable energy. In this paper, we perform a citation network analysis of scientific publications to know the current structure of biomass and bio-fuel research. By clustering and visualizing the network, we revealed their taxonomic structure. Emerging technologies are detected by analyzing the average publication year of clusters. According to the results, bio-diesel and hydrogen production are the most rapidly developing domains among biomass bio-fuel researches. We also analyzed the position of each cluster in the global structure of research. By using citation counts within and out of the cluster, we categorized each cluster into the following four categories: (I) topic specific; (II) domain specific; (III) global link; and (IV) specific & global. For research domains of category (III) or (IV), it is difficult that single technology overcomes the current limitation of bio-energy productions. Research on lignocellulose feedstock is a typical case where knowledge from other scientific disciplines is necessary.     

Detecting emerging research fronts in regenerative medicine by the citation network analysis of scientific publications

In this paper, we detect emerging research fronts in a huge number of academic papers related to regenerative medicine, a field of radically innovative research. We divide citation networks into clusters using the topological clustering method, track the positions of papers in each cluster, and visualize citation networks with characteristic terms for each cluster. Analyzing the clustering results with the average published year and parent-child relationship of each cluster could be helpful in detecting recent trends. In addition, tracking topological measures, within-cluster degree z and participation coefficient P, enables us to determine whether there are emerging knowledge clusters. Our results show the success of our method in detecting emerging research fronts in regenerative medicine, and these results are confirmed as reasonable by experts. Finally, we predict the future core papers, with the potential of many citations, via the betweenness centralities in the citation network of the research into adult and somatic stem cells.     

Extracting the commercialization gap between science and technology — Case study of a solar cell

In this paper, we compared structures of the citation network of scientific publications with those of patents, and discussed the differences between them. A case study was performed in a solar cell to develop a method of detecting gaps between science and technology. Scientific research has tended to be more basic, especially in terms of cell design, whereas patents have focused on more applied technology used in solar cell modules. Of the major citation clusters of scientific publications, only two, namely silicon and compound solar cells, corresponded semantically with patent clusters. Conversely, there were no patent clusters corresponding to the other two scientific research fronts, namely dye-sensitized and polymer solar cells. These research areas could be regarded as opportunities for industrial commercialization because scientific activities exist but not technological applications. Our results could offer an intellectual basis for discovering potential opportunities for industrial commercialization.     

Application of technology roadmaps for renewable energy sector

Technology Roadmapping (TRM) is a growing technique widely used for strategy planning and aligning technology with overall business objectives. Technology roadmaps are extensively used in many diverse fields at product, technology, industry, company and national levels. An increasing number of articles published on TRM and technology roadmaps indicate that there is a growing attention for TRM among the researchers from academia, industry and government. In this article, an overview of the application of TRM in renewable energy sector has been provided. After survey of the relevant academic literature and industry roadmaps, we tried to group the roadmaps related to the renewable energy technologies into national, industry/sector and organizational level roadmaps. Research findings indicate that goals and objectives of renewable energy roadmaps are different at these three levels. At national level, roadmaps focus on future energy security, energy dependence, energy policy formulation and environment protection. At industry/sector level, roadmaps are used to identify vision, common needs and evaluate barriers, constraints and risks faced by the industry from technical, political and commercial aspects. Organizational roadmap focuses on evaluation and prioritization of R&D projects to achieve the business goals. Similarly different methods, tools and approaches are used to develop roadmaps at different levels. Various other characteristics of these roadmaps are also discussed and analyzed. Research findings also indicate that greater numbers of roadmaps are developed for those renewable energy technologies undergoing rapid growth. Moreover, most of these roadmaps are developed in the regions where more research, development and deployment activities of renewable energy technologies is taking place.     

Knowledge dynamics and sources of eco-innovation: Mapping the Green Chemistry community

Over the last few decades, the interest for developing a more sustainable chemistry has increased worldwide and has triggered the proliferation of new knowledge. The present article aims at investigating the dynamics of scientific knowledge underlying this emergent field, the main countries and organizations involved, and the factors that have shaped the evolution of the field. In order to circumscribe such a still fluid area of research, we first show how an epistemic community around the concept of Green Chemistry (GC) has emerged and materialized. We then build an original dataset of scientific publications generated by this community and apply two algorithms for the analysis of citation networks. That allows us to identify and analyze the scientific knowledge that laid the foundations of the GC community and the main scientific trajectory that emerged along its whole evolution. The results highlight that the GC community, strongly supported by the US EPA, has grown exponentially since 2000 and has spread among a wide range of countries, including emerging countries. The results also suggest that policy and industry interests, as well as regulation, have played a significant role in shaping the emergence and evolution of GC.     

A review of machine learning for big data analytics: bibliometric approach

ABSTRACT

The amalgamation of machine learning and big data has led to a revolution in data science with several influencing applications to various domains. To gain insights on the current research trends on machine learning for big data analytics, this study follows a bibliometric analysis methodology of citation data to review and quantitatively assess the explosion and impact of literature and research performance in this vibrant research area, which has witnessed rapid changes and rising interest in business, industry and academia. Using a variety of bibliometric measures and visualisation techniques, the paper examines and identifies several related issues including research productivity and directions, major contributors, publication trends and growth rates, citation and collaboration analysis, and others. The relevant bibliographic units for the study were collected from the Core Collection of the Web of Science bibliographic database. Nearly all the relevant publications prior to February 2018 were included in the analysis. The overwhelming productivity and wide-spread applications in several multidisciplinary domains have been revealed, with one-to-two ratio of journal to conference publications. Three countries (USA, China, India) are dominating the research output with more than two-thirds of the total productivity.     

Citation network analysis of organic LEDs

The field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is an emergent research domain because of both scientific interest in chemistry and condensed matter physics and industrial importance as flat panel displays. In this paper, we analyzed a citation network of OLED papers and used a topological clustering method to investigate the structure of research and to detect emerging research domains. We found that most papers belong to two main clusters: organics and polymers. These two clusters have distinctive differences in subcluster structures and journals where papers are published. Supposing this discrepancy to indicate research progress, organics are in the applied research stage, while polymers are in the basic research stage.     

Contributions to financial crisis research: an assessment of the literature in Social Science Citation Index journals from 1990 to 2008

Research in the field of financial crisis has generated a considerable amount of literature in the past, yet there has neither been any study to assess the contributions to the literature made by individuals or institutions, nor any to measure the impact of the articles and researchers. This study represents an attempt to: (1) investigate the major journals in publishing financial crisis research, (2) assess the contributions of individual researchers and institutions using the credited contribution approach and (3) measure the impact of individual publications and individual researchers on the financial crisis literature through citation analysis, based on the publications in Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) journals from 1990 to 2008. The findings provide a useful benchmark for assessing individual and institutional research productivity, and trends for future research and venues for publications are identified.     

Regional and copula estimation effects on EU and US energy equity portfolios

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to investigate the regional interdependence structure of energy equities in the US and in the EU. Based on weekly stock prices of 28 big energy firms in the two regions from 2008 to 2019, we compare the efficiency of using bivariate or multivariate copulas to describe the dependence structure of energy equities. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the choice between these two methods on the performance of energy equity portfolios. Our empirical results show that multivariate copulas, such as C-Vine, allow to better describe the dependence structure of energy equities. We also find that there is a stronger and more complex dependence structure among EU energy equities than among US energy equities. Our scenario analysis also shows that the dependence structure is stronger during the GFC while being weaker during the ESDC. More importantly, the correlation matrix obtained from the multivariate copula method allows to obtain optimal mean-CVaR portfolios with a higher performance than that from the bivariate copula method. More importantly, optimal portfolios constituted with multivariate copulas allow to reduce the portfolio’s sensitivity to oil prices.     

中国绿色能源高质量发展水平测度研究

在"创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享"五大发展理念中,绿色协调发展成为关系中国可持续发展全局的重要理念,而绿色能源高质量发展是绿色高质量发展中的一个重要有机组成部分。本文构建了涉及绿色能源投资、生产、消费和减排4个系统的9个细化指标,利用熵权TOPSIS法实证测度2017年中国绿色能源高质量发展水平,并深入分析各区域之间的差异。通过研究发现:中国30个省区绿色能源高质量发展的水平在4个子系统和综合水平方面的表现均存在差异,综合水平总体呈现"东中部高且比较接近,而西部中等偏低"的区域分布格局;然后依照绿色能源高质量发展综合水平的高低,把30个省区划分为领先型、中等型和落后型3种类型。进而深入把握中国绿色能源高质量发展水平的区域分布规律,为统筹推进各省区协同提升中国绿色能源高质量发展水平提供较为可靠的依据。     

The state of research on technological uncertainties, social uncertainties and emerging markets: A multidisciplinary literature review

The objective of this research work is to study the progress of research on technological uncertainties, social uncertainties and emerging markets and outline and identify the key disciplines, journals, articles and authors. For this the author studied the existing literature from the various fields in which technological uncertainties, social uncertainties and emerging markets research work have been published using ISI Web of Knowledge database. The paper finds that there is increasing research work on technological uncertainties, social uncertainties and emerging markets and the bibliographical search resulted in ninety-one documents written by one-hundred-sixty-one authors in eighty-four journals in seventy-two disciplines. The five major disciplines and their underlying journals are business and economics, agriculture, psychology, public administration, and environmental sciences and ecology accounting for majority of publications. In journals the most prolific, measured by number of articles published are Harvard Business Review, Social Science and Medicine, World Development, and Higher Education; and most influential, measured by the global citation received, are Harvard Business Review, Social Science and Medicine and Sociological Review. The top 10% of the journals are responsible for 23% of all publications but 85% of all global citations received. This highlights that despite the high, diverse and increasing number of journals; only few are dominating and shaping the research arena of technological uncertainties, social uncertainties and emerging markets. Further, in the ten most cited articles, no author appears more than once.     

Socio-Political Evaluation of Energy Deployment (SPEED): An integrated research framework analyzing energy technology deployment

Stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases to reduce the risks of climate change requires a major transition in society's energy infrastructure; yet despite a growing sense of urgency, deployment of alternative emerging energy technologies has been slow and uncertain. This paper proposes a systematic, interdisciplinary framework for the integrated analysis of regulatory, legal, political, economic, and social factors that influence energy technology deployment decisions at the state level to enhance awareness of the interconnections and enable improved energy policy and planning and accelerated change in society's energy infrastructure. This framework, Socio-Political Evaluation of Energy Deployment, (SPEED), integrates analysis of laws, regulations, institutions and policy actors as well as varying regional perceptions and levels of awareness about the risks and benefits of emerging energy technologies to facilitate improved understanding of the complex interconnected components of state energy systems. While this framework has been developed with U.S. states as a model, the SPEED framework is generalizable to other countries with different sub-national structures. We present three research methods that could be applied within the SPEED framework that could be particularly helpful in understanding the integrated socio-political influences on energy technology deployment: (1) policy review and analysis, (2) media analysis, and (3) focus groups and structured interviews with key stakeholders. By integrating the fields of technology diffusion, environmental policy, comparative analysis of states, and risk perception, future empirical research conducted within this SPEED framework will improve understanding of the interconnected socio-political influences on energy technology deployment to enable energy modelers, policy-makers, energy professionals, state planners and other stakeholders to develop and implement more effective strategies to accelerate the deployment of emerging energy technologies.     

从澳大利亚科学国际化评估结果看科技国际化的重要性

近年,澳大利亚等许多西方国家纷纷开展科教国际化评估和研究。研究表明：世界科技重心正在向东和南转移,亚洲和南美国家的科技产出占世界的比重快速提高;澳大利亚和OECD其他国家国际合作论文的比重快速增加,国际合作论文成为论文增长的主要来源;合作发表论文的引用率明显高于本国发表论文的引用率,国际合作论文成为论文引用率提高的重要原因。由此表明：科技国际化已成为全球科技创新的重要趋势,是提高科技创新效率、增强科技竞争力和国际影响力的重要途径。     

企业网络研究的知识结构与发展趋势

企业网络日益成为管理实践和理论研究的关注焦点。通过对1997-2016年Web of Science（WOS）数据库中与企业网络相关的563篇文献进行梳理,探寻企业网络研究的知识基础、核心议题和研究热点。采用引文共被引分析、聚类分析及突现性分析等计量分析方法,构建企业网络研究整合性框架,将企业网络知识基础分为网络治理、网络资源、创新网络和网络结构4个维度,并形成了新兴经济体企业网络、跨层次企业网络、董事网络、创业网络、网络能力、企业网络动态演化和节点异质性等七大研究热点。最后,提出改善研究思路与方法、关注特殊网络、注重跨层次研究和重视文化差异、关注网络“黑暗面”等企业网络研究建议。     

Technological barriers and research trends in fuel cell technologies: A citation network analysis

Fuel cell technologies have long been recognized as one of the most promising future energy solutions. Nevertheless, major technological barriers hinder the potential realization of this clean energy source. Citation network analysis methodology is used here to identify major research trends, critical technological issues, and proposed resolutions to raise the effectiveness of investment of R&D resources in fuel cell technology development.The main path analyses identify two research streams for the Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) technologies. Analyses of cited publications show that most of the technological barriers for PEMFC have been addressed and that performance has reached an acceptable level. On the other hand, DMFC still suffers from methanol and water crossover problems. Multiple main path analysis identifies specific research groups working on technological problems in DMFC. The Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell (DFAFC) and Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC) have recently emerged to address the toxicity of methanol, while DMFC performance is being enhanced through research on porous carbon plates, water transportation, and methanol concentrations, and the research group at Micro DMFC is applying fuel cells in electronics devices. Despite considerable research on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), its research stream does not appear in the main paths, most likely because of a broad divergence in research subjects. Growth curve analysis forecasts that fuel cell research is in the growth stage and will enter maturity in 2018. Although emerging technologies show advantages in performance and cost, the findings presented here can raise the effectiveness of critical research project selection, thus increasing the likelihood of success.     

基于社会网络视角的科研合作网络结构及特性分析——以战略性新兴产业领域为例

战略性新兴产业是近几年新出现的研究热点,对其科研合作网络的研究,有助于探究该领域的科研合作现状与发展趋势。基于社会网络分析方法,以中国知网(CNKI)作为数据来源,构建了战略性新兴产业领域作者合作网络、关键词共现网络、作者-关键词耦合网络及机构合作网络,对合作网络的结构及特性等进行了分析。结果表明:战略性新兴产业领域论文合著率基本呈上升趋势,但该领域整体合作仍较为松散,存在较多的小团体;合作网络具有小世界和无标度特性,具有较大影响力的节点作为合作网络的中心,影响着网络内的学术交流和科研工作的开展。     

The patterns of induced diffusion: Evidence from the international diffusion of wind energy

Recent years have seen growing academic interest in the concept of induced diffusion as efforts to address concerns about energy security and climate change have intensified. Research on induced diffusion explores whether policy tools or interventions can incentivise the diffusion of innovations. This body of literature has explored the effectiveness and efficiency of various policy interventions and as such has been mainly concerned with the determinants of diffusion. This paper is, by way of contrast, concerned with the patterns of diffusion when diffusion is induced. Drawing on the Bass and Davies models of innovation diffusion we develop a number of propositions that suggest that the patterns of diffusion are different when policy plays a role in the diffusion process. These propositions are then econometrically tested in the context of the international diffusion of wind energy in 25 OECD countries. We find that, as predicted, without effective and strong policy interventions, countries will have conventional logistic diffusion with very similar speeds of diffusion. However, as expected the patterns of diffusion take on a different functional form (Bass curve) when there is a strong policy inducement. We conclude by discussing the implications and limitations of these results and suggesting avenues for further research.     

Quantitative mapping of patented technology — The case of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite

This study aims to obtain global technology evolution by constructing and analyzing patent citation network and patent citation map for the field of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite. A total of 1421 patents are retrieved from USPTO patent database and patent citation network is established by combing both patent citation and social network analysis. Network properties, e.g. Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Closeness Centrality, are calculated for representing several technology evolution mechanisms that first proposed in this study. Also, a distance-based patent citation map is constructed by calculating relative distances and positions of patents in the patent citation network. Quantitative ways of exploring technology evolution are investigated in this study to unveil important or emerging techniques as well as to demonstrate dynamics and visualization of technology evolutions.     

Managing technological and social uncertainties of innovation: The evolution of Brazilian energy and agriculture

This paper explores how technological, commercial and social uncertainties shaped the development of Brazilian biofuels. Technological innovation allowed the country to emerge as a global leader, but Brazil continues to struggle with major social uncertainties due to poverty and environmental concerns common in many emerging economies. Contemporary approaches to development within the innovation literature focus primarily on overcoming technological and commercial uncertainties, but only peripherally explore social uncertainties. To fill this void, we draw on Martin and Hall's framework for managing innovative uncertainties, which is based on Kuhn and Popper's approaches to the evolution and methodology of science, and extend it with Aldrich and Fiol's concept of cognitive versus socio-political legitimacy. Based on qualitative data collected in Brazil, we outline the evolution of automotive fuel ethanol and flex-fuel technology, the development of Brazilian soybean production, and castor for socially inclusive biodiesel production. We show how innovation solved some technological and commercial uncertainties and generated new opportunities, but also created additional social uncertainties that are now being addressed. Through this process, Brazil has acquired capabilities in alternative energy technologies and more sustainable agriculture, becoming an exemplar for other emerging economies. We conclude with implications for policy and industry.     

Economic diversity, development capacity and sustainable development of China

China's economic growth over the past several decades has been among the highest in the world. It has been fueled by cheap fossil fuel energy so energy consumption has risen rapidly, but there are signs that negative feedbacks in the form of waste and inefficiency may affect future development. If energy throughput exceeds the capacity of the environment to process the inevitable waste from production then the development may not be sustainable. We calculate economic diversity using an energy flow network analysis method to explore the relationships of development policy, energy use, efficiency and sustainable development. China and its provinces are presented as a case study and the development status of each province in China is presented. China's development policy does not appear to be sustainable over the period 1985–1998 because of unsustainable energy consumption trends and declining economic diversity. An energy consumption tax is proposed for increasing diversity and dealing with increasing energy consumption in China.