跨国公司人力资源系统、企业文化与创新绩效关系的实证研究

本文通过实证研究确定跨国公司人力资源系统和企业文化对创新绩效的影响,以及企业文化在人力资源系统和创新绩效间存在的中介作用。在前人研究的基础上,构建了三者之间关系的基本模型,提出了三条基本假设。通过对长三角地区的150家跨国企业进行问卷调查,运用多元回归法分析了有效数据,发现注重培训、基于绩效的薪酬、发展团队三项人力资源实务和企业文化对创新绩效有影响,其中注重培训和公司文化对创新绩效的影响显著,而人力资源系统主要通过企业文化的中介作用来影响创新绩效。     

Current Ethical Issues in Polish HRM

Contemporary HRM was introduced into Poland by the arrival of international corporations with their professional systems of Human Resource Management, which emphasizes ethical personnel management. This research is based on data collected from a questionnaire and interview of 40 women and men professional graduates of the 2004 Weekend MBA Program at Poznan University of Economics eliciting their perceptions of ethical issues in Polish HRM. The present Polish economic situation, with 19% unemployment, precipitates many ethical challenges. The questionnaire and interviews resulted in 217 observations and specific examples of ethical HRM issues. Examples fall in two broad categories and five specific Human Resource areas. The broad external categories are: (1) History and cultural attitudes and (2) Exploitation of the current unemployment situation. Historical and cultural attitudes influence attitudes toward work; company discipline; property and ownership; law and social expectations at work. The history of personnel departments in Socialistic Poland explains many of these attitudes. The five specific categories are: (1) Ethical issues in recruitment; (2) Ethical issues in hiring (Discrimination issues); (3) Ethical issues in performance appraisals and promotions; (4) Abuse of authority (including sexual harassment), and (5) “Mobbing”. Ethical issues in these categories include correlation with appropriate Polish Labor and Penal Laws. This research reveals some HRM ethical challenges unique to Polish HRM. The research emphasizes professional HRM and ethical expectations, which are now being recognized and accepted as a strategic component of Polish management Brother Leo V. Ryan, CSV is Professor of Management – Emeritus and former Dean, College of Commerce, De Paul University. He is a Fellow, St. Edmund’s College, Cambridge, holds honorary degrees from Seton Hall University and Illinois Benedictine University and was a Fulbright Professor in Poland (1993–1995). He is past president, Society for Business Ethics. He is co-author or co-editor of Human Action in Business (1996); Etyka Biznesu (1997); From Autarcy to Market – Polish Economics and Politics (1998); Students Focus on Ethics (2000); Praxiology and Pragmatism (2002) and Poland: A Transformational Analysis (2003). He has been an annual Visiting Professor, Poznan University of Economics, Poznan, Poland since November 1999.     

中小企业财务管理模式创新与再造

本文认为,中小企业要在激烈的竞争中生存并发展成为先进的现代企业,就必须把财务管理作为其管理体系的核心,树立以财务管理为核心的先进管理理念,并对财务管理模式进行创新与再造:第一,建立适合中小企业的财务管理模式,如确立规范化的会计制度、采用信息化财务管理手段、拓宽财务管理的内容和方法。第二,建立高效的财务控制模式,如高效的资金管理模式、应收账款控制模式、存货管理模式、资产控制模式等。第三,创新企业融资方式,除了争取银行贷款和向亲朋好友借款外,还可以采用多渠道融资,如利用资本市场、租赁等现代融资模式进行直接融资。第四,建立科学的投资模式。     

组织环境对企业信息安全管理的影响路径研究

在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上,本文对139家中小企业进行问卷调查,运用因子分析和结构方程模型对数据处理后发现:在企业信息安全管理中,组织环境对人力资源安全、操作管理、信息系统开发与维护有着显著的正向影响,对资产设备安全和应急响应机制有着一定的正向影响;人力资源安全在信息安全管理中发挥中介作用,组织环境通过人力资源安全部分中介作用于信息安全管理其他要素。     

Innovation Cloning: The Introduction and Performance of Private Label Innovation Copycats

A controversial trend in grocery is the practice by retailers to quickly copy innovative national brands (NBs) launched by manufacturers with their own private label (PL). In a sample of 1,100+ NB pioneers launched in The Netherlands between 2005 and 2009, 11.7% faced a PL copycat by at least one of the seven leading grocery retailers. These copycats obtained an impressive 5.8% category share at the retailer in the year after launch, thereby outperforming the NB pioneers they copy (2.1%) as well as non-copycat PLs launched in the same period (4.4%). Using a two-step selection model, we identify what motivates retailers to copy NB innovations, and what factors drive subsequent copycat performance, thereby taking into account retailers’ innovation assortment decisions. As expected, retailers are more likely to copy successful NB innovations, and these copycats indeed perform well in their stores. However, retailers do not only take into account financial considerations. They are especially hesitant to copy heavily promoted NB innovations and those launched by manufacturers with a strong reputation. To enhance copycat performance, retailers should keep prices of the copycat sufficiently below those of the NB pioneer and limit its promotions. Apart from guiding retailers in their copycat decisions, also NB manufacturers can learn from this study how to discourage retailers from imitating their innovations.     

Differentiating the workforce: The performance effects of using contingent labor in a context of high-performance work systems

In this study we focus on the impact of contingent labor on the outcomes of high-performance work systems (HPWS). Building on the emerging research on the social mechanisms linking HRM to organizational effectiveness, we argue that a higher incidence of contingent labor diminishes the productivity payoff associated with the use of HPWS for managing standard employees. We test these arguments using a sample of 229 British firms of different industries. The results support our arguments and help develop a more holistic and critical viewpoint in the analysis of workforce differentiation.     

Innovation and internationalization as growth strategies: The role of technological capabilities and appropriability

Firms grow either by launching new products (innovation) or by attracting new customers (internationalization) or by using a mixed strategy. An interesting question is whether innovation and internationalization activities are complementary or substitutive. The paper discusses the connections between technological capabilities, their appropriability, innovation activities, and internationalization, and derives hypotheses from the knowledge-based view of the firm. The hypotheses are empirically analyzed using survey data from 300 Finnish firms clustered as follows: (i) domestic replicators, (ii) domestic innovators, (iii) international replicators, and (iv) international innovators. The performance of the clusters is empirically analyzed, the success criteria being actual growth rate and profitability. We conclude that a profitable firm needs to have unused technological capabilities in order to exploit economies of scope through innovation. A strong appropriability regime strengthens growth. Internationalization and innovation combined is the most advisable option when domestic markets are limited.     

业态创新改变市场竞争格局--以我国家用电器市场为例

家用电器流通渠道的变化,从一个侧面集中反映了我国零售市场创新与变革的主要特点.本文从零售业态创新与连锁经营方式相结合的角度,分析和揭示了我国大型家电零售企业快速发展的动因、发展特点、趋势及其对市场竞争格局的改变.     

The Diffusion of Innovations: Some Reflections

Abstract

This paper discusses a number of interrelated topics relating to the economics of innovation diffusion that merit further research and study. These topics encompass: how innovations are not just technological, may be horizontal or vertical, and may develop over time; the role in the diffusion process of complementarities across and substitutability between different technologies and innovations; how the many different sources of innovation other than R&D are given insufficient attention in the literature; the international dimensions of the diffusion process with emphasis on cross-country effects; the role played by different market structures in the industries supplying goods embodying new technologies; the imbalance in the relative emphases upon intra- and intra-firm diffusion in the existing diffusion literature; the need for more research on the relationship between firm performance and the diffusion of innovations, and government policy on diffusion.     

The Performance Impact of Informal and Formal Institutional Differences in Cross-Border Alliances

This study addresses the simultaneous and diverse effects of differences in informal and formal institutions on cross-border alliances’ financial performance. We utilize data from 405 microfinance institutions (MFIs), based in 74 developing countries, that have alliances with partners from developed countries. We find that the impact of informal institutional differences between MFIs and their cross-border partners is sigmoid-shaped, with performance first increasing, then declining, before improving again as informal institutional differences grow large. By contrast, formal institutional differences appear to be detrimental to MFIs’ performance. Consistent with our prediction, we find that MFIs’ cross-border experience moderates both formal and informal institutional effects.     

质检信息化绩效管理体系研究综述

从信息化与绩效管理的融合作用、质检信息化绩效管理体系研究的必要性、信息化绩效评估相关理论研究、开展质检信息化绩效评估的基本思路、质检信息化绩效评价指标体系介绍等几个方面对质检信息化绩效管理体系研究的相关问题进行了阐述。     

“双循环”理论综合及其在我国的应用实践

“双循环”新发展格局的提出是中国特色社会主义政治经济学的重大理论创新,本文致力于综合国民经济循环理论演进脉络和现有马克思主义政治经济学观点的新发展格局研究,构建包括循环内容、循环机制、内外循环依存关系的双循环分析框架,并以此分析框架系统梳理我国发展实践和国内国际循环现状特征。研究发现,我国经历了封闭失衡的国内循环、国内国际循环初步发展、国际大循环驱动、做大国内循环等多个发展阶段;2008以来我国国内循环比例大幅提升,以国内大循环为主体具备实践基础,但国际循环仍是重要牵引力,促进循环的创新动力和需求动力不足,国内国际循环的主导关系仍有待转换。因此,构建“双循环”新发展格局,关键是通过改革破除堵点,强化创新和扩大内需双向发力,以国内引力场集聚全球要素资源,形成以我为主、内外协同的国内国际循环互动新格局。     

高职旅游管理专业实习绩效评价体系的构建

构建高职旅游管理专业实习绩效评价体系,是高职旅游管理专业实践教学的一个难题。现有的高职旅游管理专业校外实习绩效评价中存在着评价主体不全面、评价方法不科学等问题。根据高职旅游管理专业校外实习的目的以及评价内容,遵循科学性、导向性、三全性、可行性的原则,构建实习绩效评价指标体系。     

Innovation performance: The effect of knowledge-based dynamic capabilities in cross-country innovation ecosystems

This study operationalizes the knowledge-based dynamic capabilities (KBDC) that act as drivers of innovation performance in innovation ecosystems, across different market economies. Innovation ecosystems facilitate the flow of resources to transform ideas into reality. In turn, KBDC provide a means to create and share expertise, which contributes to the diversification of the economy, and allow businesses to reach beyond their own boundaries to create value for customers in new ways. Employing partial least squares path analysis, four constructs, namely knowledge creation, knowledge diffusion, knowledge absorption and knowledge impact, are comparatively analyzed. Across all four constructs, knowledge creation is the biggest driver of innovation performance, and the strongest predictor of innovation performance in developed and developing market economies. Knowledge absorption is the strongest predictor of innovation performance in transition economies. A KBDC-centered innovation ecosystem framework is proposed to highlight the innovation performance and competitive advantage inherent in each knowledge-related capability.     

Local Content Policy in the Brazilian Oil and Gas Sectoral System of Innovation

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to discuss the development, goals, and format of local content public policy within the context of the Brazilian oil and gas sectoral system of innovation. The theoretical frame of reference for this article revolves around the concept of innovation systems, more specifically their sectoral focus as in Malerba (2002 Malerba , F. ( 2002 ). Sectoral systems of innovation and production . Research Policy , 31 , 247 – 264 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and 2004 Malerba , F. ( 2004 ). Sectoral systems of innovation: concepts, issues and analyses of six majors sectors in Europe . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). Norwegian local content policy was considered as a reference. This article concludes that this policy has not yet come to a consensus, presents regulatory weaknesses, does not have well-defined roles, and has little potential to generate innovations.     

产学研结合机制创新的应对策略

产学研结合机制创新问题值得重视,其对策分别是：以顾客价值创造为导向,引入市场运作规则;以“创业——风险投资”为基础,形成从创意到生产再到营销的产业投资链;完善产学研法人治理结构,构建协同创新的产学研利益共生机制;建构民营企业与高校产学研结合机制创新的社会支撑体系。     

Wisdom Paradigms for the Enhancement of Ethical and Profitable Business Practices

Many organizations continually search for new business models and ways to conduct business ethically, yet profitably. Kirk Cheyfitz (2003) proclaims that organizations should not waste time trying to create new business models because the rules of commerce never change. Instead of searching for new business models, organizations can improve business practices by looking at different paradigms or mental models for seeing how to build practices that lead to long-term success. The employment elements of wisdom as paradigms for developing sound structures and practices that will encourage management behaviors that are ethical and lead to profitability. First, a theory of wisdom is developed. Then, the elements of wisdom are applied to the design of a general business structure and to refocusing some basic business practices.     

网络环境下石化行业组织创新的必要性

文章就石化行业现行的以职能划分的金字塔式层级管理模式进行分析 ,并与先进管理模式———流程化管理 (扁平化 )进行对比 ,最后明确网络环境下石化行业组织创新的必要性。     

公共支出绩效评价指标体系的构建

公共支出绩效评价作为公共支出管理的核心内容之一，其推行的难点在于如何用一套指标科学度量公共支出的绩效。本文从绩效评价的内涵出发，根据公共支出绩效评价自身的特殊性，构建了一套能全面有效度量一般公共支出绩效的指标体系，整个指标体系共分两个层次：第一层次包括投入、过程、产出和结果等4类初始指标；第二层次包括效益性、效率性和有效性等3类终极指标。     

Introduction. The Internationalisation of the Innovation Process

The international economics of business and management has focused - both in the academic literature and in corporate and public policy discussions - increasingly on issues of globalisation, innovation and 'competitiveness'. These issues, and in particular their interrelation, are analysed in detail in this Special Issue of the International Journal of the Economics of Business. This opening article aims to set the scene by considering how the rather distinct literatures around the above three topics can best be drawn upon in order to focus on what implications the new global economic environment has for the economics of business and public policy.