技术扩散和区域经济收敛:一个理论模型的新框架

本文在技术溢出与结构距离比地理距离更相关、相关的大小和显著性程度依靠经济体的部门构成假设基础上。通过对技术进步的不同处理并把技术溢出看作不同经济体间相似度的正函数,提出了一个新的区域经济收敛理论模型框架、推导出一个Solow模型的扩展模型并建立了扩展收敛方程。     

The Impact of New Technology on the Communication of Parliamentary Information

SUMMARY

This article discusses the results of an exploratory study, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, which investigated the impact of technology on the communication of parliamentary information to the general public in the United Kingdom. As Stage 1 of the project, interviews were conducted with representatives of the public information services of the UK Parliament, the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Stage 2 consisted of interactive, electronically-assisted interviews, delivered in a roadshow environment, where members of the public were given the opportunity to explore, and provide critical feedback on, parliamentary websites.     

会计准则的国际趋同与会计信息质量

会计信息质量的影响因素包括法律制度、会计准则以及机会和激励等,结合中国的制度环境分析各因素对会计信息质量的影响,研究发现,虽然内外部环境为公司管理层进行盈余管理提供了各种利益机会和激励,但随着投资者保护法律的不断完善,中国会计准则的国际趋同应该能够提高会计信息质量。     

Technological Convergence in the IT Industry: The Role of Strategic Technology Alliances and Technological Competencies

For some time now, the convergence of the telecommunications and computer industries into a single 'information and entertainment' industry has been predicted. The acquisitions that appeared to be bringing such a convergence about have not, however, proved particularly successful. The paper suggests that one factor behind the relatively low degree of convergence may be inertia. Following evolutionary and ecological theory, the paper argues that both external and internal inertial forces reduce the ability of firms to deal with changes in their technological cores. The paper concludes that technological convergence, although apparent on the technological and product/market level, does not seem to have affected the 'core' competencies of major IT companies.     

新一代信息技术驱动下的全球价值链调整及其应对策略

在新一轮科技革命和产业变革背景下,新一代信息技术与制造业深度融合促使制造环节的创新功能凸显、增值能力增强和要素投入升级,进而提高了制造环节在全球价值链中的相对地位。新型制造技术的使用正在重构发达国家制造业的竞争优势,伴随着制造业回流,发达国家对全球价值链制造环节的参与程度有所提高。全球价值链调整导致中国制造业面临更加不确定的外部环境,同时又为制造业向价值链中高端攀升提供了机会窗口。中国应谨防过早“去工业化”,通过推动高水平对外开放、提高新一代信息技术与制造业融合创新能力、深入挖掘内需潜力、大力发展生产性服务业、深度参与全球经济治理等策略应对全球价值链调整。     

Preparing the Human Capital for the New Millennium Using Information Technology

Abstract

Information technology is transforming the economy at a breathtaking speed. The effect of technology on global business practices is profound and pervasive. These trends are changing and shaping the global economic landscape in the new millennium. These developments have major implications for the knowledge skills required for success in business in the information age. Students must be prepared for the challenges and opportunities that each of these trends represents. Therefore, the new knowledge economy demands changes in the models of global business education. Based on our experiences at our respective universities, this article describes how we are changing not only the way we teach, but also what we teach-as well as altering the way our universities do business.     

经济全球化与反垄断法面临的新问题——中国反垄断立法的宏观借鉴

随着经济全球化的发展,跨国反垄断现象越来越受到各国政府的重视,中国政府也不得不从经济全球化角度考虑本国的反垄断立法。认真对待国际反垄断领域的新情况,吸取各国反垄断法在国际适用方面的立法经验,是我们有效地参与全球经济活动的前提条件之一。本文从经济全球化所产生的反垄断领域的新问题入手,讨论了国际反垄断法实施的现实困难。     

New Audiovisual and Information Services and the Protection of Children: The European Dimension

This information paper outlines how the interests of minors are dealt with in the European Union's (EU) embryonic policies for new audiovisual and information services, in the context of what has happened – and is currently happening – in broadcasting and telecommunications. It is written from the public interest and consumer perspective rather than that of the industries involved, with a particular concern that the major contribution that new, technology-based services can make to the mental and moral development of children should not be prejudiced by harmful and damaging content. The author also addresses the virtually complete neglect of the need to protect children from economic exploitation through the new technologies.In general, the momentum of EU policy to ensure free movement of services, combined with the practical problems of developing an effective international regulatory structure for the new trans-border technologies, suggests that there will be considerable technological and commercial pressures to relax existing provisions which aim to protect minors, while there will be major obstacles in the way of developing new legislative or regulatory measures. This is a pessimistic scenario for those concerned with the interests of children. Nevertheless, there are some opportunities, which are outlined in the final section of the paper.     

经济全球化时代两制关系发展的新特点

经济全球化对当今社会发展产生多重深刻影响,促使资本主义两大社会制度、两种社会意识形态的共处竞争出现新形势,呈现出了经济因素的作用不断增强,意识形态因素的作用相对削弱。由相互封闭、封锁、平行存在和发展转变为相互开放、交流、交叉存在和发展,形成利益“双赢”的新格局。综合国力较量日益激烈,经济竞争与贸易摩擦趋于表面化,文化渗透与扩张更加便利,文化霸权主义威胁日益严重,“西化”、“分化”的政治图谋和军事威胁依然存在等五大新特点。     

Globalization and the U.S.Defense Industrial Base: The Competition for a New Aerial Refueling Tanker

The growth in the global economy and the trend toward outsourcing have given rise to concerns over the composition and strength of the U.S. industrial base and the degree of U.S. dependence on other countries for certain goods. The purpose of this article is to examine the concerns surrounding the alleged inroads of foreign manufacturers into the U.S. defense industrial base, as well as the background behind the concerns, with a specific focus on the recent competition over what may be one of the largest defense contracts in U.S. history to supply the United States Air Force with a new fleet of aerial refueling tankers. The article discusses the importance of imports and national defense spending in the U.S. economy, explores the dependence (or lack thereof) of the United States on foreign imports in the defense sector, explores strategies that have previously been deployed to reduce the role of foreign manufacturers in the U.S. defense industrial base, and examines in detail the recent tanker competition. The article argues that this competition required the deployment of innovative strategies on the part of the incumbent in the industry (Boeing) and the potential entrant (Northrop/EADS) in order to balance conflicting economic, political, and military procurement objectives.     

FOCUS: Information Technology and Business Ethics

'Those who understand the underlying technology on which the modern business depends have a professional, social and moral obligation to look to the needs of their neighbours who lack that understanding'. Professor Ennals is a member of the Business Information Technology Research Unit of Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston-on-Thames KT2 7LB, England, where he has shared in developing the new Business Information Technology degree.     

New Technology and The Small Firm

This paper examines how and why the role of small business has become more important over time. A special focus is placed on the role of small business in the New Economy.     

R&D全球化、反向外溢与技术获取型FDI

在科技全球化浪潮冲击下,跨国公司产业竞争优势演化催生的R&D资源全球转移为发展中国家实现技术获取型对外直接投资(TSFDI),获取反向技术外溢创造了机遇.本文分析了跨国公司R&D资源转移出现的背景,指出TSFDI是对接跨国公司R&D资源的有效途径,并进而研究了TSFDI与反向技术外溢的关系,归纳了发展中国家TSFDI的现状.     

Globalization and Confrontation: The Transformation of the Australian Coal Industry

The Australian coal industry serves as a vivid illustration of the impact of globalization on workplace organization and workplace industrial relations. In this contribution we outline the changes and developments, from the organization of production through to the product market, that are impacting on workplace organization and industrial relations of the Australian coal industry. In particular the authors highlight the attempts and strategies of management to increase productivity, to realize functional and numerical flexibilities in the deployment of labour and to deregulate employment relations. Simultaneously, trade unions are faced with institutional, legal and global competitive pressures to conform to the flexibility strategies of managers. The result has been persistent and sporadic outbreaks of industrial disputation in the midst of the erosion of employment conditions and a shift towards greater managerial control of the labour process. The forces identified as globalization are systematically transforming workplace organization and impacting on the strategies of coal mine managers and trade unions.     

R＆D全球化、反向外溢与技术获取型FDI

在科技全球化浪潮冲击下．跨国公司产业竞争优势演化催生的R＆D资源全球转移为发展中国家实现技术获取型对外直接投资（TSFDI）．获取反向技术外溢创造了机遇。本文分析了跨国公司R＆D资源转移出现的背景．指出TSFDI是对接跨国公司R＆D资源的有效途径．并进而研究了TSFDI与反向技术外溢的关系，归纳了发展中国家TSFDI的现状。     

木糖醇的生产新技术及其应用

本文综述了我国木糖醇工业的发展历程，两种不同生产工艺的特点，披露了生产新技术和新材料，以及木糖醇在医药、食品、铸造、石油、塑料、油漆、烟草、皮革等工业中的应用，木糖醇应用中的工艺路线和木糖醇工业的发展前景。     

Information Technology and the Data Jungle

This stroll down memory lane highlights the changes brought about by technology that enable economists to process more data faster than could have been imagined when Marcuss began her career in 1968. The challenges of the “data jungle” remain, however. There must be an ongoing effort to know precisely what each economic- statistic measures, why it matters, and to whom. NABE has been, and will continue to be, in the forefront of this effort. JEL Classification C880,M210     

Information Technology and the Virtual Workplace

Abstract

A holistic research project commenced in 1997 and was completed in 1999 investigating a new administrative scenario, the virtual office (VO). This exploratory and ex post facto project aimed to identify the characteristics of a virtual office environment that emerged in enterprises worldwide, due to the influence of information technology innovations. The VO is also closely related to telework: tele, meaning distance and implies that teleworkers perform their duties away from the traditional office while still maintaining their positions as corporate employees. This paper only focuses on two selected areas of the holistic project, visualizing telework supplemented by telecenters as possible VO's against the theoretical framework of the traditional office scenario as it has been known for ages. The aim was to market the concept in the Republic of South Africa where it is relatively unknown, according to the research findings that proved significantly beneficial to the socio economies of other countries-but more specifically the USA-where telework has been practiced for more than a decade. Recommendations are focused on how these two related concepts can also result in a paradigm shift for the corporate arena in the Republic of South Africa, in order to add to, maintain and develop its global competitiveness.     

Developing a Global Mindset: Integrating Demographics,Sustainability, Technology,and Globalization

Business schools face a number of challenges in responding to the business influences of demographics, sustainability, and technology—all three of which are also the fundamental driving forces for globalization. Demographic forces are creating global imbalances in worker populations and in government finances; the world economy faces sustainability and climate change challenges; technology is accelerating business change and changing the nature of work; and the global economy is being re-structured with the rise of major emerging economies such as Brazil, India, and China. Given an uncertain future, this essay examines the nature of these challenges and contends that while providing measurable knowledge of global business and specific job skills are important, business schools must focus on the attitudes, skills, and knowledge helpful for student career flexibility including leadership skills, a good work ethic, and abilities to continue learning.     

The Impact of IFRS Convergence on the Effectiveness of Accounting Information for Share Valuation: Evidence from the Mainland of China

This study examines whether the reconciliation amounts between IFRS and PRC GAAP provide additional incremental value-relevant information. More specifically, it investigates whether firms applying IFRS experience an increase in the quality of accounting information in the post-IFRS convergence period. Results show that IFRS convergence increases the values of balance-sheet items and enlarges variation across firms. Moreover, there is no difference in the explanatory power of value relevance of accounting information under IFRS and PRC GAAP for share prices and returns of A-shares. The incremental value relevance analysis suggests that the IFRS adjustments to earnings are value relevant, whereas the adjustments to book values are not. The IFRS adjustments to change in inventory are value relevant for predicting future operating cash flows. Finally, accounting quality improved in post-convergence period. These results are robust after controlling for the unique characteristics of Chinese firms.