我国上市公司股利政策信息内涵的实证研究

股利政策是现代公司理财的三大核心内容之一,它是公司融资、投资活动的延续,是其理财行为的必然结果。本文采用事件研究法对我国上市公司股利政策的信息内涵进行实证研究,以1997-2004年度上海证券交易所上市的A股股票的股利分配行为为研究对象,考察我国上市公司的股利政策是否传递了信息、传递了怎样的信息这两个方面的内容;同时,针对不同的股利支付方式进行了信息传递的敏感性测试。     

高管过度自信、过度悲观与股利羊群行为研究

以股改后的2007-2011年A股上市公司为研究样本,考察高管过度自信、过度悲观的非理性行为与股利羊群行为之间的关系。结果发现：存在过度自信和过度悲观心理行为高管的上市公司发生股利羊群行为的可能性较小,而存在适度理性高管的上市公司发生股利羊群行为的可能性较大。进一步对不同产权性质下二者的关系进行分析发现,与国有上市公司相比,非国有上市公司中高管过度自信与过度悲观对公司股利羊群行为的影响更为显著,而适度理性的高管却总是倾向于股利羊群行为。股利羊群行为是上市公司高管的理性选择。     

中国上市公司首次股票股利信号传递有效性的实证研究

20世纪90年代中后期股票股利曾是我国证券市场较为盛行的分配方式,并因能够带来积极的股价超额收益而被视为是一种典型的信号传递过程。然而本文通过对A股一般行业上市公司首次股票股利分配后的公司业绩进行长期跟踪考察,发现首次分配股票股利的公司无论盈利性或增长能力都明显持续下降,并不能充分支持信号传递假说。统计检验和模型分析均表明,在信息不对称条件下,公司盲目追求股权融资和市场过热的投资预期,在一定程度上削弱了我国股票股利政策传递积极信号的功能,这是这种分配方式不断降温的内在原因。     

上市公司信息泄露减少了吗?——基于《上市公司信息披露管理办法》实施前后的比较

运用事件研究法对《上市公司信息披露管理办法》实施前后两年,即2005—2009年深沪两市A股业绩预告利多、高送转和增发三类重大事件信息披露的市场反应进行实证分析,利用内幕交易和信息泄露程度测度上市公司信息披露的公平性,检验了《上市公司信息披露管理办法》的实施效果。结果显示,信息公平披露规则在实施当年的短期内发挥了作用,但总体效果并不明显,信息泄露程度呈先下降后回升的趋势,内幕交易依然存在。为此,应进一步加强信息披露的监管,加大对违规信息披露的处罚力度;在强调公平信息披露的同时,关注上市公司信息披露的及时性;正确处理好资本市场效率与信息披露公平两者之间的关系。     

股票定价的奥尔森模型成立条件

根据奥尔森(Ohlson)1995年提出的RIV模型,对公司股票的估值只需预测其未来的盈利而不用考虑现金流和股息政策。通过研究不同的股息分配政策,利用会计理论模型,推导出该模型的成立条件。研究表明该模型在许多正常的经营情况下并不成立,股票定价模型不能回避未来现金流和股息的影响。     

股利政策信息结构与股价行为研究

通过构建股利政策信息结构和时空两维股利信息模型,研究中国上市公司不同股利政策的信息结构、信息环境及其对波动性、市场深度和流动性等股价行为的影响。研究发现现金股利政策公告前,没有发现显著的信息性交易行为;股票股利政策公告前后,市场信息结构没有发生显著的变化;不分配利润的企业在公告前,出现了显著的由信息引起的交易行为;公司发布股利政策不仅能够传递公司价值的信息,而且公司价值信息的传递还与市场所处的信息环境密切相关,不同的信息环境、信息结构影响了信息作用于市场变量的变化路径。     

现金分红、债务政策稳健性与公司业绩

上市公司现金分红和债务决策是资本市场关注的热点问题。文章以我国A股上市公司为研究对象,考察了现金分红与债务政策稳健性及其对企业业绩的影响关系。研究发现上市公司现金分红行为对公司债务政策稳健性有着显著的影响,相对于无现金分红公司而言,现金分红公司有着更高的债务政策稳健性;现金分红公司的业绩水平显著高于无现金分红公司的对应水平,说明上市公司现金分红行为对公司业绩的提升具有促进作用;在现金分红与公司业绩的关系中,债务政策稳健性具有显著的中介效应。上述研究结论对规范我国上市公司现金分红行为、揭示其对债务政策稳健性与公司业绩的影响具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

我国可转债转股价调整条款设计存在的问题与修正建议

可转债转股价格调整条款设计的基本原则是要使可转债是红利保护的，要实现这一目标，必须将转股价格和股票价格进行同比例调整。我国可转债发行过程中转股价格调整条款对现金红利、增发和配股的处理办法在一般情况下基本符合红利保护的原则，但在现金红利数额较大，增发和配股比例比较高的情况下，必须根据更科学的方法来调整转股价格。     

Influence of dividend tax policy tied to investment horizon on stock price stability: Evidence from the 2015 dividend tax reform in China

We examine how the dividend tax cut policy tied to the investment horizon enforced on September 8, 2015, influences stock price stability in China's A-share market. As the new dividend tax policy waives the tax on cash dividends for investors holding a stock for more than a year, it encourages long-term investment behavior. From 2013 to 2017, we find that stock turnover, return volatility, and turnover volatility decrease after the policy enforcement, especially for stocks with high dividend yields. This result shows that dividend tax reforms increase investors' stock investment horizons and help stabilize the market. However, our findings demonstrate that stock crash risk increases after policy enforcement. Further analysis shows that earnings management through real activities manipulation for stocks with a higher dividend yield contributes to an increase in stock crash risk. Therefore, one externality of the dividend tax cut policy tied to the investment horizon is that top managers of firms with a higher dividend yield may take advantage of investors' passive longer-term investment behavior and engage in more earnings management. This result suggests that regulatory agencies should pay attention to top managers' earnings management behavior after enacting policies that encourage long-term investment.     

Portfolio concentration and closed-end fund discounts: Evidence from the China market

This paper provides an analysis of the determinants of the closed-end fund discount in Mainland China. We focus on the diversification level of closed-end funds as the investor clienteles for closed-end funds in Mainland China are different from other markets. Our empirical evidence shows that discount is strongly and negatively related to stock concentration as measured by the number of stocks in the fund or Herfindahl index. We also find the discount decreases with the dividend payout and turnover, suggesting that investors are willing to pay a higher price (lower discount) for a fund that pays more dividends and has higher turnover.     

我国上市公司股权激励中的机会主义问题研究

股权激励的制度安排是为了解决委托代理关系产生的利益矛盾,将管理层与股东利益一致起来。同时,股权激励也可能导致管理层的机会主义行为,即通过盈余管理、股利政策、投融资决策等影响业绩和股价,使之向对自己有利的方向发展。强化内外监督和约束、防范股权激励的负面影响,是推进股权激励制度建设中不可或缺的重要环节,具体包括:一是优化公司治理结构;二是提升我国证券市场的有效性;三是培育经理人市场。股权激励这种上市公司内部的制度安排需要外部的一系列制度安排来配套才能有效地发挥作用。外部配套的制度安排会通过影响管理层的预期来影响管理层的行为选择,从而较好地降低和防止管理层的机会主义行为。     

股利政策的股东财富效应:来自中国股市的经验证据

Based on the special separated equity management structure of the listed companies in China and using a sample of the listed companies with distributed dividend in 2003 and 2004, this paper tests the shareholder wealth effects of dividend policy in Chinese separated equity market. Results show that shareholders of non-circulating stock get a high return rate by cash dividends, and circulating shareholders obtain a high short-term return rate by stock dividends. Translated from Nankai Guanli Pinglun 南开管理评论 (Nankai Business Review), 2006, 9(2): 4–10     

Semantics and capital market efficiency: Testing the market's reaction to the naming of stock distributions as splits or dividends

The AICPA and NYSE urge corporations to avoid the term “stock dividend” and use the term “stock split” when referring to large common stock distributions. Theoretically these large distributions do not convey any economic value to the stockholders. Therefore a rule was considered necessary so as not to mislead them as to the actual nature of the distributions. The purpose of this study is to examine security price reactions to the differential naming of these distributions. The results strongly suggest that security returns are not differentially affected by naming a large common stock distribution a stock dividend rather than a stock split. That is, the capital market appears to be semantically efficient between terminologies.     

The stable dividend hypothesis

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the stable dividend hypothesis. By invoking the existence of liquidity needs and liquidation costs, a rationale is provided for investors' desire to stabilize the dividend component of return on their portfolios. The market equilibrium implications of this type of investment behavior are then derived.     

基于迎合理论的中国上市公司现金股利变更性研究

基于现金股利变更的动态视角,利用2000－2013年度中国证券市场的数据,分别从市场整体迎合与上市公司单个迎合方面,实证检验了迎合理论在中国证券市场的适用性。研究发现,迎合理论能够作为解释中国上市公司分配现金股利的原因。从市场整体状况来看,上市公司的当年度现金股利意愿与上年度的市场股利溢价之间存在明显的相同趋势,而从上市公司状况来看,若上市公司的现金股利意愿与市场股利溢价水平之间的差距越大,则更有可能变更现金股利形式以迎合证券市场投资者的需求。     

Disappearing and Reappearing Dividends in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Indian Companies

This article examines the empirical determinants of dividend payout policy for 947 sample firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India from 1995 to 2013. The author identifies three distinct trends in the propensity to pay dividends between 1995 and 2013. The regression analysis suggests that most of the decline is due to the dividend payout policies of smaller, less profitable, younger firms and firms with comparatively more investment opportunities, high financial leverage, high business risk, and high dividend distribution tax. The author finds significant positive impact of catering incentives on the propensity to pay dividends, thus supporting catering theory of dividends.     

Give everyone a prize? Employee stock options in private venture-backed firms

This study examines employee stock options in private entrepreneurial companies. I focus on private U.S. venture-backed firms because they are renowned for the intensity and organizational depth of their stock option grants. Contrary to simple stereotype, however, I show that 27% of U.S. venture-backed firms do not grant stock options to all employees. I seek to explain this by theorizing that the economic and legal settings in which venture-backed companies exist lead to both costs and benefits from the use of stock options to attract, compensate, incent, monitor, and retain certain employees, and that sometimes the costs exceed the benefits. I test the theory by determining whether variation in the organizational depth to which venture-backed firms grant employee stock options can be explained by proxies for these economic and legal costs. Such proxies include the fraction of employees who are in technical positions; the degree of flatness in the firm's organizational structure; its proximity to other venture-backed companies; the number of patents it has been granted; and the fraction of equity held by venture investors. The results support the theory and thereby imply that venture-backed firms grant employee stock options in an economically sophisticated manner.     

中国上市公司内外融资的顺序偏好

文章指出,对中国上市公司中的股份异质公司而言,若不考虑关联交易因素,内源融资逊色于外源融资,其所偏爱的股利政策为现金分红,这意味着中国证券监督管理委员会将现金分红作为上市公司申请配股或增发先决条件的现行规定可能并不妥当,加强对上市公司关联交易的监管才是问题的根本。在有报告盈余的情况下,这类公司会趋向于大规模派发现金股利,除非其报告盈余存在虚假或日后存在向其控股股东输送利润的可能,因此投资者及相关政府部门可利用这一特性低成本地甄别其企业会计报表的真伪及未来发生非对等关联交易的可能性。     

Does high dividend payout protect investors?

This paper studies the relationship between dividend payout and investor protection through the case of Chihong Zinc & Germanium’s (Chihong) reform of nontradable shares. Results show that Chihong’s nontradable share reform integrated with equity offering may usurp the interest of small shareholders. Statistics manifest that market responds negatively to this type of dividend allocation. Managerial suggestions are also provided.     

Bank affiliations and corporate dividend policy in pre-World War I Belgium

We investigate the impact of universal banks on the dividend policy of affiliated companies, in an environment characterised by poor investor protection, booming stock markets and strong banks. Our results, based on a unique sample of 428 listed companies in pre-World War I Belgium, are consistent with the hypothesis that companies with good investment opportunities and a bank director on their board paid higher dividends to establish a good reputation with investors. However, our results also indicate that companies with several bank directors and companies in which the bank had an equity stake paid lower dividends.