中国城市空间结构调整的性质

当前及相当长一段时期内 ,内外空间结构双重调整是中国城市空间结构演化的主要性质。竞争尚未成为城市关系、区域关系中的主要方面。由此决定了城市的理性选择应是有机结合的内外空间结构双重优化     

Relational Comparison and LGBTQ Activism in European Cities

This article examines the role of city twinning as a device for conducting transnational activism around lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) politics. It focuses on the city of Leiden in the Netherlands, examining how the city's twinning links with the cities of Torun in Poland and Oxford in the UK have been used at different times as a device to mobilize transnational solidarities with LGBTQ people outside of the Netherlands. Drawing on qualitative semi‐structured interviews with LGBTQ activists in Leiden as part of a wider study of transnational LGBTQ activism in Europe, I seek to understand how twinning links are used to forge sustainable solidarities both across national boundaries and within Leiden. I suggest that relational comparisons about the status and treatment of sexual dissidents in Leiden and its twin cities are central to the production of these solidarities. While twinning has significant potential as a device for the production of sustainable transnational LGBTQ activism, I also suggest that it can be used to advance problematic geo‐temporalities about the relative ‘progressiveness’ or ‘backwardness’ of LGBTQ politics in specific cities.     

基于产业视角的城市功能研究

从城市经济学角度来说,城市功能是城市作用于外围经济地域系统的能力,产业发展引起了城市功能的变化。本文从产业发展和结构调整的视角分析了城市主导功能、城市功能的空间结构以及城市功能的区际协调。     

转型期城市竞争力提升与城市空间重构

城市空间重构是目前我国城市发展处于快速转型期中所出现的普遍现象,它既表现为自发的空间重组,更表现为应对竞争日益激烈的发展环境而采取的种种主动策略.在中国转型时期,城市竞争力与城市空间重构已经构成一对内在关系密切的理论与实践命题,城市空间重构已经成为提升竞争力的有效手段之一.本文在此命题基础上提出了基于空间重构提升城市竞争力的策略.     

发展都市旅游业的先决条件与战略模式

都市旅游业是城市发展的重要战略之一。发展都市旅游业当然要突破过去“就资源论开发”的传统思想误区 ,但还是要具备一定的基本的先决条件。因此应该因地制宜地采取相应的发展战略。在实际操作过程中 ,还应该注意可持续发展、投资负担合理安排以及市场营销等方面的问题。     

Experiences of Urban Militarism: Spatial Stigma,Ruins and Everyday Life

A key question in urban sociology is how people interpret the urban environment. At a time when cities are increasingly militarized, this question is particularly important for understanding how militarism impacts urban life. However, urban sociologists have not addressed how people experience militarized environments. This article turns to this question by considering the case of Lydda‐Lod, an Israeli city that has been demographically and physically transformed by war, displacement and securitization. Drawing on Wacquant's sociology of spatial stigma and adding insights from works on emotions in (post‐)conflict cities, I examine how poor Palestinians think and feel about the surveilled districts where they live within the city's broader landscape of ruins. I show how the Israeli military, security and policing agencies have collectively produced spatial stigmatization of these districts. I discuss how Palestinians respond to this spatial stigma by attaching a sense of worthlessness to their districts. However, this reproduction of spatial stigma is punctuated by expressions of care for the built environment and by a desire to revalorize collective Palestinian life in the city. I conclude by discussing how a perspective on militarized cities focused on everyday responses to militarism and attentive to marginalities enriches urban sociology and urban studies more generally.     

服务经济下北京城市空间结构的转型

城市空间结构是城市经济结构和城市社会结构的空间投影,城市经济结构的变化必然促进城市空间结构的转型。新中国成立后,几乎所有的中国城市都经历了由服务性城市向生产性城市的转型。改革开放以来,特别是1990年代的城市改革,使城市在区域中的中心功能地位得到强化,部分城市开始从生产性城市向服务性城市转型,服务经济快速增长,城市空间结构也经历了空间重组和功能转移。本研究运用北京市1949-2010年第三产业各部门增加值数据和主要时段第三产业用地空间布局状况,从产业链、产业支撑、产业融合和服务外包四种服务经济发展模式入手,分析了服务经济作为城市空间结构转型的内在机制和空间演化趋势。     

The Nature of Cities: The Scope and Limits of Urban Theory

There has been a growing debate in recent decades about the range and substance of urban theory. The debate has been marked by many different claims about the nature of cities, including declarations that the urban is an incoherent concept, that urban society is nothing less than modern society as a whole, that the urban scale can no longer be separated from the global scale, and that urban theory hitherto has been deeply vitiated by its almost exclusive concentration on the cities of the global North. This article offers some points of clarification of claims like these. All cities can be understood in terms of a theoretical framework that combines two main processes, namely, the dynamics of agglomeration/polarization, and the unfolding of an associated nexus of locations, land uses and human interactions. This same framework can be used to identify many different varieties of cities, and to distinguish intrinsically urban phenomena from the rest of social reality. The discussion thus identifies the common dimensions of all cities without, on the one hand, exaggerating the scope of urban theory, or on the other hand, asserting that every individual city is an irreducible special case.     

Urban Political Ecologies and Children's Geographies: Queering Urban Ecologies of Childhood

This article focuses on the material and discursive constructions of nature and children in the city. While dominant representations and idealizations of nature and childhood depend on the binary logic of the nature/culture and rural/urban divide, there is also a simplification and romanticization of nature in children's geographies and a lack of children and their spaces in urban political ecology. We argue that children and nature in cities need to be removed from a binary model of being and attended to in more nuanced ways in urban political ecology and children's geographies. In this regard, we suggest that both nature and children in cities need to be queered. We need to ask how the production of urban spaces (re)creates particular romantic and idealized relations with natures that reify the binaries between nature/culture, and male/female through a heteronormative framework. The purpose of this article is to bring the critical nature–society theories of urban political ecology into conversation with work in children's geographies that explores the ‘nature' of childhood, and in doing so queer the relationship between children and nature. Drawing on research on queer ecologies, and queered childhoods, we aim to provide a framework to rethink and queer both nature and children in cities.     

创新型城市的文化识别研究

所谓"创新型城市",意味着城市在发展中产生出区别于自身历史的新质和区别于一般城市的特质;创新型城市必须具备独有的文化识别体系。城市文化是创新型城市建设的最广泛的基础。创新型城市的文化识别是城市文化主体自觉追求和活动的客观结果,创新型城市需要明确定位、全面展开,才有可能逐步实现。     

Why Cities? A Response

Why do cities exist? Geographers Allen Scott and Michael Storper recently put the question before the field of urban studies and provided a clear and concise answer in terms of economies of agglomeration and the urban land nexus. I argue that two other basic elements must be added to this duo: the spatial concentration of economic surplus by ruling classes and states and the creation of a built environment or urban landscape. In addition, I take issue with Scott and Storper's neglect of the problem of scale in urban theory and their overly tidy sense of what constitutes a scientific approach to complex phenomena like cities.     

湖北省人口收缩城市的空间格局与类型识别

通过对湖北省82个县(市、区)的常住人口变化率和人口净流量进行交互分析,引入城乡建设用地脱钩模型和人口—土地城镇化协调指数,分析了人口收缩区域建设用地结构和城镇化协调类型。结果显示,湖北省存在37个人口持续流出、规模减少的区域,这些区域不仅在总量上表现为人口收缩与建设用地扩张的悖论关系,而且在城镇化方面也多表现为人口城镇化与土地城镇化不协调的状态,而从城乡建设用地结构的角度表现为不同的脱钩类型,其中仅有少数收缩区域是强脱钩的合理利用状态。从不同表现特征可将收缩城市类型分为空间无序扩张型、工业衰退型、资源枯竭型以及中心袭夺型四个类别,并概括为人口资源与土地资源、经济发展等在时空上的不匹配。最后,结合资源禀赋、经济结构变化等特征对人口收缩区域类别进行了归纳,并提出了针对性的城市规划和发展建议。     

创意产业促进城市发展的内容与途径

20世纪90年代以来,创意产业作为后工业社会的城市型产业,在发达国家中迅速兴起并成为世界财富创造的新源泉,有力地推动了城市复兴、城市空间结构的功能重塑和城市治理制度与政策的全面创新.对创意产业的深入探讨,不仅有助于全面了解创意产业与城市发展之间的关系,而且还将对城市发展创意产业的政策取向提供相关启示.     

Squatting and urban renewal: the interaction of squatter movements and strategies of urban restructuring in Berlin

Squatting as a housing strategy and as a tool of urban social movements accompanies the development of capitalist cities worldwide. We argue that the dynamics of squatter movements are directly connected to strategies of urban renewal in that movement conjunctures occur when urban regimes are in crisis. An analysis of the history of Berlin squatter movements, their political context and their effects on urban policies since the 1970s, clearly shows how massive mobilizations at the beginning of the 1980s and in the early 1990s developed in a context of transition in regimes of urban renewal. The crisis of Fordist city planning at the end of the 1970s provoked a movement of "rehab squatting" ('Instandbesetzung'), which contributed to the institutionalization of "cautious urban renewal" ('behutsame Stadterneuerung') in an important way. The second rupture in Berlin's urban renewal became apparent in 1989 and 1990, when the necessity of restoring whole inner-city districts constituted a new, budget-straining challenge for urban policymaking. Whilst in the 1980s the squatter movement became a central condition for and a political factor of the transition to "cautious urban renewal," in the 1990s large-scale squatting — mainly in the eastern parts of the city — is better understood as an alien element in times of neoliberal urban restructuring.     

外来人口社会融合与中国城市创新

构建社会融合综合指标以及经济、心理、行为、身份各个融合分指标,建立联立方程研究外来人口社会融合对城市创新的影响。结果表明：社会融合和城镇化水平的提升并没有提高城市创新能力,只有建立在社会融合基础上的城镇化才能促进城市创新水平的提升;经济融合、社会融合、文化和行为融合并没有带来城市创新能力的提升,脱离社会融合的城镇化水平对城市创新的影响为负,但城镇化和社会融合四个维度的交互项对城市创新水平的影响为正;人力资本水平和城市规模以及两个变量与社会融合的交互项都有助于提升城市创新水平,说明在相同的社会融合水平下,人力资本水平越高的群体对城市创新能力的影响越大;与中小城市相比,在特大和超大城市中社会融合水平的提升对城市创新能力的影响更大。     

浅议城市生态规划及其在中国的发展方向

本文以城市为研究基点,引入生态学中的相关概念,并认为生态规划与城市规划应当融为一体。在简述城市生态规划的形成过程和基本原则的基础上,进一步分析“生态城市”与“山水城市”的区别与联系,提出结合中国国情和传统丈化,创造有中国特色的“山水城市”,是实现可持续发展目标的可行之路。     

城市发展规划的基础——城市园林建设

城市园林作为城市唯一具有生命的基础设施,在改善城市环境质量、美化城市景观方面有着不可替代的作用,同时它还是城市生态系统的一部分。随着城市园林体制改革和相关配套措施的实施,城市园林绿化发展水平虽然得到不断提高,但是,综合全国一些城市分析,我国的一些城市园林绿化还未达到一些理想的效果,在城市规划中,亟待对园林绿化工作采取更有效的措施。     

Cities in Contemporary Capitalism

This article outlines essential concepts of the political economy approach of urban research and offers critical modifications and clarifications to some of its contentions concerning the functioning of cities as ‘strategic places’ of capital accumulation. The interrelations between contemporary capitalism and urban economic development are discussed at the scale of a transnationally extended urban system. Based on the general context of the global economic downturn, I focus on the role of cities in distinct circuits of capital, the switching of capital flows within the urban system and the different functional roles of cities within the world city network that interconnects cities both in the global North and South. I call into question the established focus of urban economic research on the role of cities as financial and service centres, arguing that cities might redirect their economic development trajectories towards ‘real economy’ activities, in contrast to relying on the disastrous development model of finance‐dominated capitalism.     

关于我国城市发展方针的回顾与思考

作者在回顾总结了我国五十多年来的城市发展历程后 ,认为城市发展有其自身发展规律 ,而我国对城市发展的政策 ,主要针对其规模 ,不如提其为发展城市的政策。同时 ,将其纳入《城市规划法》 ,将其法定化 ,亦有不妥之处。因此 ,作者认为 ,即使制定了新的城市发展方针或政策 ,也不必将其纳入《城市规划法》 ,使其成为法定的城市发展方针或城市发展政策。     

Migrant Businesses And The Symbolic Transformation Of Urban Neighborhoods: Towards a Research Agenda

Migrant businesses play a crucial role not only in the economies of Western European cities, but also in the revaluation of urban space. Alongside their relevance to physical neighborhood development, migrant businesses seem to be crucial in transforming urban spaces symbolically. Although there is some evidence from migrant business research and the literature on gentrification, the phenomenon has not yet been studied systematically. We therefore propose a research agenda that addresses the relationship between migrant businesses and the symbolic transformation of urban neighborhoods.