巢湖流域生态服务功能价值研究

生态服务功能是区域社会经济可持续发展的支撑和保障,本文运用Costanza等人的理论和方法,因地制宜地开展了巢湖流域生态服务功能的货币化研究。结果表明,2006年巢湖流域生态服务功能总价值为2 291.74亿元,为当年流域GDP(1 885.42亿元)的1.216倍。进而对巢湖流域生态服务功能价值的空间分布、不同生态类型服务功能的价值贡献以及流域生态服务功能的价值构成进行了分析,结果发现目前巢湖流域可持续发展的生态支撑不足,而治理富营养化是提升巢湖流域生态服务功能水平的关键。     

区划调整后巢湖水污染治理的机遇与挑战——基于排污权交易的巢湖水质管理研究

巢湖是中国典型的富营养化湖泊,为国家"三河三湖"重点水污染防治流域之一。行政区划调整为巢湖治污带来了机遇与挑战。在巢湖流域开展排污权交易将是回应区划调整、优化配置环境资源的积极举措。     

巢湖流域土地利用/覆盖变化态势及生态系统服务价值时空变化研究

以巢湖流域为研究案例区,利用1991～2001年的土地利用详查和变更调查数据为主要数据源,分析了巢湖流域土地利用/覆盖变化的数量和流向特征以及引起的生态系统服务价值动态特征。结果显示:巢湖流域近10年来土地利用整体特征并未发生重大改变,以耕地和水域为主,耕地面积减少最多,建设用地占用是巢湖流域耕地减少的主要原因。流域利用与土地覆盖类型在流向转移过程中,主要集中在耕地与其他地类的相互转化上。巢湖流域生态系统服务价值以2002年为界,大体分为两个阶段,水域和林地生态系统服务价值在变化过程中起决定性作用。除了巢湖市以外,其他地市生态系统总服务价值与该地市面积之间成统一关系。肥东县和无为县的生态系统服务价值变化最大,巢湖市2001年之前变化不明显。     

关于“三分巢湖”的几点思考

2011年夏天，安徽省巢湖市被一分为三，分别并入安徽省合肥、芜湖和马鞍山市的版图。拆分巢湖之举并不是安徽省的“家事”，而是事关发展导向、国计民生，事关新形势下管理创新的重要举措，拆分巢湖能否成为“十二五”期间地方政府深化改革的标杆也未可知。笔者通过对机械的现实数据进行分析，尝试查摆出“三分巢湖”的利益预期。通过对功能分区制度的展望，提出了建立巢湖流域管理机构的呼声。     

景观再生视野下江淮传统圩田生态智慧的继承与发展

圩田作为整体人文生态系统,是江淮地区重要的传统生态智慧。现如今圩区新城建设面临着洪涝风险加剧、生物多样性降低和传统聚居模式不再适用等多种难题,亟待传统生态智慧的重新引介与适应性发展。梳理总结了传统江淮圩田系统景观再生的动力学机制,提出圩田系统包含水、地和人3个维度,其实现景观再生的关键是经济-环境-社会系统的耦合及产生的综合效益。圩区新城建设应致力于保护圩田系统耦合关系的物质载体及其空间格局,重新建构系统新平衡。以安徽舒城杭埠新城为例,提出适应新语境的再生规划设计策略：1)倡导基于圩田系统的低影响开发;2)发挥圩田生态系统服务功能;3)建设依托圩田空间结构的开放居住组团,为传统生态智慧在当代的再生提供借鉴。     

巢湖流域水土流失的环境经济损失研究

本文首先对水土流失经济损失的国内外研究现状进行了总结概述。在此基础上,以巢湖流域为例,针对流域特点及水土流失状况,确定水土流失造成的养分损失、泥沙淤积损失、水分损失及耕地损失四项实物型损失量作为衡量水土流失环境经济损失的指标,选用替代花费法、恢复费用法及影子工程法等对水土流失的经济损失进行了评估和货币化计量。     

少数民族传统营林地方性知识对生态环境维护的——以清水江流域加池苗寨为对象

清水江流域历史时期的传统林业生产,既是流域苗侗民众立足环境、依托资源赖以生存的生计行为,又是人们基于生态环境维护、资源可持续利用观念而建构营林地方性知识的过程。其中,"林农"角色是生态环境维护的主体,"伐木技术"是生态环境维护的路径,"习惯法"和"乡规民约"是生态环境维护的保障,"民间信仰习俗"是生态环境维护的支撑。这一传统营林地方性知识体系具有累积性、系统性和长效性的特征,不仅使流域的木商经济长期保持发达的状态,而且对流域生态环境的维护产生了极为重要的作用。挖掘清水江流域传统地方性知识中的生态智慧,并将其与现代科学技术相结合,对推进流域生态文明建设的新里程,开创民族地区百姓富、生态美的绿色发展新未来,形成人与自然和谐发展新格局有着积极的意义和价值。     

论建立塔里木河流域配水机制的必要性

通过塔里木河流域水资源开发利用现状的分析,设计建立流域配水机制,以期合理分配水资源,维护流域生态平衡,实现流域内水资源永续利用和农业可持续发展。     

巢湖流域近代交通与区域经济的互动

巢湖流域自古水陆交通发达,近代则形成一个新式水陆交通网络,区位优势越发彰显。近代水陆交通在农产品商品化的提高、工矿业的兴起和商业贸易的繁荣等方面起到了不可低估的作用,提高了区域经济开发的水平。但由于缺乏良好的社会生态环境,近代交通的运输功能无法得到充分发挥,区域经济发展态势欠佳,未能迅速纳入现代经济的运行轨道。     

提高巢湖温泉旅游竞争力的对策研究

本文通过对巢湖温泉旅游资源开发现状的分析,针对巢湖温泉旅游开发存在的问题提出提高巢湖温泉旅游竞争力的对策.     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.