Implementation of International Environmental Commitments in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

战略实施中的中国环境绩效评估

一个国家的环境战略的选择关系国计民生。基于绩效的环境战略是保障我国实现可持续发展的关键所在。环境绩效的理念应贯穿于环境战略制定、实施、评估的始终,并通过环境绩效评估的有效开展为国家环境战略目标的制定奠定基础,为国家环境战略的实施提供保障。     

企业的环境责任与环境绩效评估

企业相关的利益团体越来越重视企业的环境责任。环境绩效评估系统可以通过企业经营者、投资人与政府等相。关利益团体的不同角度,以系统的和整体的方法体现企业可持续发展的架构。本文探讨了环境绩效评估的意义和方法,分析了环境绩效评估对企业环境责任实施的作用。     

Improving the Performance of Contingent Valuation Studies in Developing Countries

This paper discusses three main reasons why so many of the contingentvaluation studies conducted in developing countries are so bad. First,the contingent valuation surveys themselves are often poorly administeredand executed. Second, contingent valuation scenarios are often very poorlycrafted. Third, few CV studies conducted in developing countries aredesigned to test whether some of the key assumptions that the researchermade were the right ones, and whether the results are robust with respectto simple variations in research design and survey method. The paper concludesthat research on stated preference methods in developing countries iscritically important to the successful implementation of these methodsbecause (1) there is no empirical evidence to suggest that rapid,”streamlined” CV surveys yield reliable, accurate results, and (2)there is a significant risk that the current push for cheaper, simplerCV studies could discredit the methodology itself. Moreover, the policydebates to which CV researchers are asked to contribute are often oftremendous importance to the well-being of households in developingcountries. Because the costs of policy mistakes can prove tragic, itis critical that VC researchers push for excellence in this researchenterprise and that funding agencies think more carefully about thevalue of policy-relevant information in the fields in which thecontingent valuation method is being used to study household preferencesand behavior (e.g., water and sanitation services, urban air pollution,soil erosion, deforestation, biodiversity, watershed management,ecosystem valuation, vaccines for the poor).     

对企业环境绩效的思考

本文对企业环境绩效的内涵、特征、地位和作用进行了分析,介绍了先进国家和企业对改善企业环境绩效的一些认识和实践,给出了企业可持续经营目标的构成,建立了企业环境绩效目标的模型结构,提出了企业环境绩效评估的原则关系和内容,探讨了提高企业环境绩效水平的途径。     

Financial Performance of the Automotive Industry in Selected EU Countries

International Advances in Economic Research -     

A Kuznets Curve in Environmental Efficiency: An Application on OECD Countries

The role of the environment is an important issue in policy making andthe accurate assessment of the environmental conditions is vital. Inthis paper, using nonparametric techniques, an environmental efficiencyindex is developed for each of the OECD countries. These indexes allowone both to do cross section comparisons on the state of each country'sproduction process in its treatment of undesirable outputs and also totrace each country's modification of their production processesovertime. Furthermore in this study we investigate the factorsunderlying societies' environmental concerns that eventually lead tochanges in the environmental efficiency. The results provide furtherempirical evidence for the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.     

由环境工程项目看环境绩效审计

随着国际上对环境问题的日益关注，环境工程项目的实施和开展也已成为社会需要，环境工程项目的绩效审计与监督将成为我们工作重点。本文主要围绕环境工程项目及其绩效问题与新发展，提出了环境绩效审计的迫切性，阐述了环境绩效审计作为一种新型环境管理工具与众不同的特性。     

Incentive Contracts and Environmental Performance Indicators

A principal-agent (P-A) model is used to analyse the effect of environmentaldiligence, the principal (top management), having to use imperfectperformance indicators and fearing penalties for environmental damages,wants to avoid environmental harm and induce the agent (employeemanipulating hazardous materials) to take appropriate action. To motivatethe agent, the principal offers an incentive contract based onenvironmental stewardship performance (as measured by EPI).Environmental stewardship being difficult to measure, due to high levelsof uncertainty surrounding, EPI, creates impediments to the establishmentof an efficient P-A contract.     

Socially Subjective Equilibrium in Strategic Form Games

This study provides a new framework and a new equilibrium concept, which are able to describe the situation where people have various images of the society and have various solution concepts for social outcomes, and where people accept the social outcomes. In socially subjective equilibrium, people have a coherence of their own norms in two senses. One is the consistency of the norm itself. Imagined outcomes should satisfy a certain (subjective) solution concept. The other is the consistency between the imagined outcomes and realized one. These are the main features of our equilibrium concept. This paper forms a part of my doctoral thesis, which is titled “On socially subjective equilibrium”. The first person I would like to thank is my direct supervisor Professor Ken Urai (Osaka University). I obtained a basic idea of the main concept of my doctoral thesis, that is, the solution concept scheme, from Professor Urai. I am grateful to Professor Hiroaki Nagatani (Osaka University) and Professor Ken-Ichi Shimomura (Kobe University), who monitored my works and took efforts in providing me with valuable comments on earlier versions of my thesis. I also obtained a fruitful advice from Professor Kenichi Amaya (Kobe University). Lastly, I specially thank to Kozo Shiraishi (Osaka University).     

企业环保投入与环境绩效——机理与实证分析

基于2014-2018年A股上市公司的数据,采用多元线性回归方法,检验企业环保支出是否有效提高了企业环境绩效.实证结果表明:企业环保投入与环境绩效正相关,但相关性不显著.环保投入对公司环境绩效的作用受公司规模的影响,公司规模较大的企业能够通过规模效应提高企业环保投入的环境治理绩效,而规模较小的公司受限于自身资源条件,未能充分发挥环保投入的环境治理作用.进一步研究发现,企业内控显著提高了环保投入对环境绩效的正向影响;而外部治理强度对环保投入与环境绩效的影响作用不显著.研究结论有利于企业因地制宜,提高企业的环保投入治理水平.     

国外上市公司的环境信息披露比较分析及启示

本文主要选取欧盟国家及美国、加拿大等西方发达国家的5家上市公司为样本案例,对其环境信息披露的形式和内容进行详细分析,指出西方发达国家的企业在环境信息披露方面的主要特点。借鉴发达国家的环境信息披露经验并结合我国实际情况,对我国上市公司的环境信息披露提出了建议。     

Effect of Corporate Economic Performance on Firm-Level Environmental Performance in a Transition Economy

This paper analyzes the effect of corporate economic performance, as measured by value added, on firm-level environmental performance in a transition economy. In particular, it analyzes this economic performance effect using an unbalanced panel of Czech firms for the years 1995–1998. It assesses whether successful economic performance begets or undermines good environmental performance. This connection seems especially important in transition economies since firms are dramatically restructuring their economic management approaches during transitional periods. A majority of the analytical results indicate that successful economic performance undermines good environmental performance, possibly indicating that more focused managerial efforts to improve economic outcomes may distract efforts to manage environmental matters better.     

国外上市公司的环境信息披露比较分析及启示

本文主要选取欧盟国家及美国、加拿大等西方发达国家的5家上市公司为样本案例,对其环境信息披露的形式和内容进行详细分析,指出西方发达国家的企业在环境信息披露方面的主要特点.借鉴发达国家的环境信息披露经验并结合我国实际情况,对我国上市公司的环境信息披露提出了建议.     

The Abatement Market A Proposal for Environmental Cooperation among Asymmetric Countries

We present a model of interaction among technologically asymmetriccountries whose use of an open-access environmental resource generatesmutual externalities. We show that countries can improve bothenvironmental quality and their individual welfare levels by buying/sellingpollution abatement. This market mechanism, which reduces incentive forfree-riding, is more effective the larger the technological gap betweencountries.     

环境变数、创业精神与经营绩效

企业创业精神对于企业经营绩效具有显著正向的影响,它通过创新、事前因应与风险承担三个方面对企业经营绩效产生影响.企业创业精神与企业经营绩效间的关系会受外在因素所影响,环境变数影响着企业创业精神与经营绩效:环境变数可增强企业创业精神与企业经营绩效间的效果.     

Fragmented property rights and royalty bargaining

We consider production by a firm that relies on the patent rights that are held by other actors. Before production can take place, bargains have to be struck with each patent holder over the royalty per unit produced. In the negotiations, a patent holder must be mindful of the fact that a large royalty will increase the product price and lower demand for the final product. Hence each patent holder would prefer to gain a large royalty at the expense of rivals. When the producer makes the first offer in an alternating offer framework, we analyze whether it should conduct negotiations sequentially with some grouping of patent holders or simultaneously. We demonstrate that the producer will prefer simultaneous negotiation. An individual patent holder would prefer to negotiate early with the producer, and then to see remaining rights holders negotiate simultaneously. A firm that holds several patents would want to negotiate royalties on each one sequentially and then have simultaneous negotiation of payments to other rights holders.     

论道德的社会经济功能

社会物质经济基础决定道德伦理的上层建筑 ,而道德又对经济基础起着反作用。这种反作用表现在为社会经济体制提供合法性论证 ;减少交易费用、节约生产成本 ;促进经济主体间的互利合作 ;提高人力资本的价值等方面。这些作用的发挥可以归纳为两种方式 :一是道德作为一种经济要素直接发挥其工具性价值 ,二是道德作为一种目的性追求 ,通过对经济的超越性批判和补充 ,与经济形成辩证互动的关系 ,从而促进社会经济的良性发展。