伊春林区生态旅游资源定量评价

旅游资源评价为旅游资源合理开发提供理论依据,是进行旅游规划的前提。伊春林区具备开展生态旅游活动庭好的资源条件和生态条件，具有很好的发展优势和潜力。在实地考察和分析数据的基础上，运用单体评价法和空间结构评价法，选取58个主要生态旅游资源实体，对其进行定量评价，得到旅游资源各评价因子的权重、分值及综合评分值，并时其进行等级划分，为伊春林区旅游业的发展提供了基础资料和依据。     

丘陵山区农用地整治区域优先度评价——以湖北省兴山县为例

随着新一轮土地整治规划工作的推进,如何科学合理的进行用地项目布局成为研究重点。以湖北省兴山县为例,从土地自然利用条件、社会整治条件、地区经济条件和规划导向性因素4个方面构建丘陵山区农用地整治区域优先度评价体系,基于GIS技术结合层次分析法、模糊综合评判法和多因素加权求和法划分了评价区农用地整治的优选区、次优选区和整备区。为科学确定农用地整治项目的优选位置提供参考,也为土地整治科学决策和优化土地整治投资提供依据。     

兴安国家森林公园风景资源质量评价

风景资源质量评价是把握旅游开发方向和旅游空间布局的基础。通过对兴安国家森林公园景区旅游资源的分析，基于《中国森林公园风景资源质量评定》，采用模糊数学计分法及专家咨询技术，对兴安国家森林公园风景资源质量进行评价，为兴安国家森林旅游发展规划提供依据。     

莱芜里辛土地整理耕地质量级别变化研究

研究目的:研究土地整理耕地质量级别变化,为科学评价土地整理绩效和产权调整提供依据。研究方法:层次分析法、GIS和综合评价法。研究结果:研究区在土地整理前后,耕地质量级别空间分布、面积和总体质量水平都发生很大变化,整理后的耕地质量总体水平是整理前的1.3026倍。研究结论:该方法对土地整理耕地质量级别变化评价有借鉴意义,评价结果可为莱芜市里辛土地整理绩效评价提供科学依据。     

基于层次分析法的土地整理综合效益评价——以广东省云浮市为例

本文在研究国内外土地整理综合效益评价相关研究成果的基础上,结合广东云浮市的实际,对土地整理综合效益的内涵进行了阐释,以经济效益、社会效益、生态效益为重点建立了指标评价体系,提出土地整理项目综合效益评价模型。运用层次分析法（AHP）对云浮市土地整理综合效益进行了实例分析评价,为广东省土地整理效益评价提供科学的评价标准和定量依据。     

嘉善县木材加工业竞争力评价研究

本研究依据竞争力的相关理论和在木材加工业相关研究的基础上,通过对嘉善木材加工业的竞争力影响因素和发展优劣势进行分析,借助德尔菲法构建了嘉善木材加工企业竞争力评价指标体系。然后运用多层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对其进行评价。最后通过浙江省裕华木业的实证分析,验证了评价指标体系及模型的可行性和实用性,为嘉善县木材加工企业衡量自身竞争力水平提供了新的思路和方法。     

地质灾害风险评价理论与方法

本文作者提出地质灾害风险评价理论以及具体评价体系、评价方法。在地质灾害的危险性分析、易损性分析基础上，进行地质灾害期望损失计算，构成地质灾害风险识别的全过程。据此而进行的风险区划，为制订地质灾害防治规划，修订城市发展规划、减灾、防灾提供依据。     

基于模糊综合评判的土地整理规划方案评价

针对我国土地整理项目效益评价中存在的问题,提出建立综合效益评价指标体系以及特尔斐法确定其权重,采用模糊综合评判方法对土地整理项目的规划方案进行综合效益评价,用定量化的方法为规划方案的选择提供科学依据,并以重庆市某土地整理项目为例对该方法进行了介绍.     

矿产资源规划环境影响评价研究

矿产资源规划是矿产资源勘查开发和利用的指导性文件,是依法审批和监督矿产资源勘查的主要依据。矿产资源规划环境影响评价主要包括:规划的协调性分析、确定合理的环境目标和评价指标、规划实施后的环境影响预测与分析、规划方案优化调整建议;矿产资源环境影响评价方法包括:政策实施分析方法、项目环境影响评价方法以及一些修改的项目环境影响评价方法、信息技术方法当前流行的一些专业性评价方法,如数学模型法和专家评判法等。     

丰城市城镇周边规划建设地质适宜性评价研究

城市规划建设用地地质适宜性评价问题已成为研究的热点问题。本文充分考虑规划建设用地的地形地貌、地层岩性、工程地质特征、环境地质问题等条件,采用定性分级法对丰城市城镇周边规划建设地质适宜性进行评价。通过评价工作,进一步优化了土地利用与规划布局,为地方政府开展重大工程建设提供地质依据。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.