区域贸易安排的保护性:引力模型

通过2000-2005年EU、APEC、NAFTA三个区域贸易组织双边贸易流量基于合并数据的引力模型得出结论:三个区域贸易组织的净贸易效果均为贸易转移,但区域保护程度顺次减弱。总体上,发生贸易转移的方向从以发达国家为主的区域贸易组织转移到以新兴市场国家为主或由发达国家与发展中国家共同组成的区域贸易组织。因而,对内积极推行自由贸易,对外具有很强的贸易保护倾向是各国推行区域贸易政策的显著特征。     

论区域贸易安排对WTO多边贸易体制的挑战

区域贸易安排与多边贸易体制即存在相互竞争的关系，也有相融互补的关系，随着区域贸易安排的日益发展，其在最惠国待遇原则、争端解决机制、多边贸易法律制度、单边谈判力量的增强等方面都对WTO多边贸易体制构成威胁，带来挑战。     

Regional Trading Arrangements and Regional Integration

The formation of new or geographically expanded regional trading arrangements is one of the dominant trends in the world economy. This paper reviews the changing nature of regional trading arrangements. In the 1980s and 1990s a new generation of arrangements has gone much beyond the removal of border-trade barriers to the harmonization of non-border instruments such as national subsidies and commodity taxes, standards, business law regulations and competition policy. They also, in some cases, cover service trade and factor trade. These extensions beyond the scope of traditional customs unions and free trade areas pose new questions about the meaning of regional integration. This paper proposes a new definition of regional integration in terms of price convergence and looks at the extent of regional integration in East Asia.     

Regional Trading Arrangements and Regional Integration

The formation of new or geographically expanded regional trading arrangements is one of the dominant trends in the world economy. This paper reviews the changing nature of regional trading arrangements. In the 1980s and 1990s a new generation of arrangements has gone much beyond the removal of border-trade barriers to the harmonization of non-border instruments such as national subsidies and commodity taxes, standards, business law regulations and competition policy. They also, in some cases, cover service trade and factor trade. These extensions beyond the scope of traditional customs unions and free trade areas pose new questions about the meaning of regional integration. This paper proposes a new definition of regional integration in terms of price convergence and looks at the extent of regional integration in East Asia.     

A Comparative Evaluation and Prognosis of Asia Pacific Bilateral and Regional Trade Arrangements

This paper provides an evaluation of the growing regional and bilateral trade arrangements in Asia and discusses some plausible scenarios for Asian regionalism. Changes in international relations, information communications technology, the knowledge-based economy and deregulation have altered trade modalities in the international political economy. The 'new regionalism' activities in Asia appear to be a response to these international developments and to be complementary to WTO-managed trade liberalisation.     

Human and Institutional Capacity Building and Utilization in Science and Technology in Africa: An Appraisal of Africa's Performance to-date and The Way Forward

Abstract: The paper notes that much effort and resources have been invested in educating and training many Africans both at home and abroad. Similarly, a variety of purposeful African scientific and engineering institutions, have been established across the entire continent by African governments, and in several cases, with the support of donors and international organisations. This paper assesses how African countries have fared in the process, particularly in three critical areas: nurturing of these institutions, provision of an environment in which science and technology could thrive, and the development and utilisation of Africa's human resources. In suggesting action plans for the future, the paper discusses how other countries of the world are preparing for the future and the steps Africa must take in order to be able to compete effectively and successfully in the global market of the new millennium. The paper concludes that if Africa is to be relevant in the 21^stcentury and be the master of its own destiny, each African country must understand the dialectics of institution building, particularly in science and technology, and the roles of such institutions in national development agenda. Above all, each African country must place a premium on visionary leadership and a priority on the recognition and effective utilisation of the talents, abilities and the creativity of its citizens. Résumé: L'article indique que beaucoup d'efforts et de ressources ont été consacrés à la formation d'un grand nombre d'Africains sur place et à l'étranger. Parallèlement, une série d'institutions africaines scientifiques et techniques a été créée par les gouvernements africains à travers tout le continent et, dans plusieurs cas, avec le soutien des bailleurs de fonds et des organisations internationales. L'article évalue le comportement des pays africains dans le processus et, en particulier, dans trois domaines essentiels: l'entretien de ces institutions, la mise en place d'un environnement favorable à l'épanouissement de la science et de la technologie, le perfectionnement et l'utilisation des ressources humaines africaines. En proposant des plans d'action pour l'avenir, l'auteur examine comment d'autres pays du monde préparent l'avenir et les mesures que l'Afrique doit prendre pour pouvoir soutenir avec efficacité et succès la concurrence sur le marché mondial du nouveau millénaire. En conclusion, l'auteur fait remarquer que si l'Afrique veut rester dans le peloton au 21 èrne siècle et maîtriser sa propre destinée, chaque pays africain doit comprendre la dialectique du renforcement institutionnel, en particulier, dans les domaines scientifiques et technologiques, et les rôles que ces institutions doivent jouer dans le programme de développement national. Chaque pays africain doit, par-dessus tout, privilégier une conduite futuriste des affaires et accorder la prioritéà la reconnaissance et à l'utilisation efficace des talents, des compétences et de la créativité des citoyens.     

Bilateral Trade Performance in West Africa: A Gravity Model Estimation

This study provides empirical insights on the functioning of regional trade agreements within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) by identifying bilateral trade barriers that affect the extent of trade flows among member countries. Also, it highlights some trade barrier indicators that are rarely covered in extant studies, such as the multilateral resistance term, the extent of trade complementarity, and the presence of economic integration agreements among ECOWAS member countries. We then provide augmented gravity model estimation on the determinants of bilateral trade in the region. We find, among other things, that trade complementarity had a positive and significant effect on bilateral trade within the sub‐region region. Other important determinants of intra‐regional trade include multilateral trade resistance and economic integration agreements — meaning that countries with some kind of agreement like the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) tend to trade more among themselves than other member countries.     

RTAs框架下的服务贸易自由化分析与评估

国际服务贸易规则的多边化与区域化"并驾齐驱"已成为国际服务贸易自由化进程中的重要特征。本文旨在对RTAs框架下的服务贸易自由化机制进行分析,并在此基础上对32个经济体在RTAs框架下的服务贸易自由化水平进行量化评估,以期在一定程度上把握区域服务贸易安排在多边服务贸易安排基础上所取得的进展。     

非洲区域经济一体化的贸易效应——基于SADC和ECOWAS的比较研究

文章基于拓展贸易引力模型对非洲两大重要区域经济共同体(南部非洲发展共同体(SADC)与西部非洲经济共同体(ECOWAS))经济一体化的贸易效应进行了评估和对比分析。区别于传统的贸易创造和贸易转移效应,文章将经济一体化的贸易效应分为贸易创造效应、出口转移效应和进口转移效应,并考察了两个共同体成员国的重叠身份可能对其产生的影响。研究显示:一方面,SADC和ECOWAS经济一体化均促进了区域内贸易的增加,并且产生了贸易创造和贸易转移效应;另一方面,SADC和ECOWAS的总贸易效应均高于模型预期,说明两者的经济一体化通过贸易显著地促进了成员国的福利,但是前者的值小于后者。     

区域贸易安排及亚洲国家的次区域经济合作——致力于构建亚洲经济共同体

亚洲国家有很多的共性,它们拥有丰富的资源,都有巨大的贸易潜力。但是,它们的经济合作的范围与其相应的经济实力相差甚远。在这些亚洲国家之间,显然有着大量的推动利益合作机会。世贸组织的成员,为扩大贸易和经济合作,已经创造了适宜的商业环境。     

非洲贸易与风险管理

本文讨论了两个层次的问题:一、非洲贸易及其存在的风险。二、如何管理和防范狭义的外汇风险(交易风险、折算风险以及经营风险或者经济风险)以及广义外汇风险中的国家风险、信用风险以及流动性风险等。特别是信用风险的管理与防范已经成为一个战略性和决定性的重大课题。