全球价值链分工下区域贸易协定能降低服务贸易成本吗

全球价值链分工下服务的作用愈发凸显,服务贸易的新形式丰富了区域贸易协定影响服务贸易成本的渠道。本文从中间投入和最终需求两个维度分析了区域贸易协定对不同类型服务贸易成本的影响效果和机制。结果表明:单纯签订区域贸易协定对服务贸易成本的抑制作用并不显著,提高区域贸易协定的深度将显著降低服务贸易成本。区域贸易协定可以显著降低中间投入服务贸易成本,对最终需求服务贸易成本的抑制效应不显著。区域贸易协定的服务贸易自由化效果存在非对称性,北北型区域贸易协定对服务贸易成本的抑制效应强于南北型。北北型区域贸易协定可以通过减少监管分歧和货物贸易自由化效果外溢两条途径降低服务贸易成本,南北型区域贸易协定则仅可以通过货物贸易自由化的外溢效应来降低服务贸易成本。因此,中国应积极与发达国家开展高质量区域贸易协定谈判,通过提高区域贸易协定深度充分发挥其服务贸易自由化效果。     

Cost disease in service sector

A higher growth rate of the service sector prices, rather than prices in the manufacturing sector, through time is known as cost disease in the service sector. This paper investigates supply and demand-side reasons for cost disease. First, we present an analysis of the supply side of the cost disease, when services and manufacturing play their role both in the intermediate and final demand. Second, we consider a CES utility function for the consumer, which is a function of two commodity services and manufacturing. The results indicate that there are two reasons for cost disease to occur from the supply side in an economy: first, when the growth rate of total factor productivity and technological progress in services is less than that in the manufacturing sector, and second, when the elasticity of substitution between labor and manufacturing input in the services production function is large and elasticity of substitution in manufacturing production function is small. From the demand side, the result shows that the cost disease occurred if the growth rate of the income elasticity of service is more than the manufacturing sector through time.     

健康性别不平等与政府卫生预算的社会性别分析

从社会性别的角度分析了我国不同性别之间的健康需求、预算配置和服务受益情况。（1）我国女性人口卫生服务需求高于男性,且经济欠发达地区女性卫生服务利用受到一定程度抑制;（2）性别问题并非当前预算体制下卫生预算分配的主要关注点,但目前已有促进两性平等利用卫生服务的实际行动和措施;（3）在当前公共卫生投入政策下,两性公共卫生服务受益差异不明显。（4）现有统计信息系统大多不归集分性别资料,尤其是预算数据,因此尚无法对政府卫生预算开展深入的性别分析。要推进性别预算观念和分性别统计工作,逐步建立和完善我国的性别预算框架和操作规范．将社会性别纳入健康政策主流,使健康政策和政府卫生预算增加社会性别公平。     

Pricing policies for services by facilities with Weibull lifetimes

To make good profits, pricing is a competitive weapon of service firms. This paper is concerned with pricing strategies for services with substantial facility maintenance costs. To address the problem, a mathematical framework that incorporates service demand and facility deterioration is proposed. The facility and customers constitute a service system driven by Poisson arrivals and exponential service times. The most common log-linear customer demand and Weibull-distributed facility lifetime are also adopted. By examining the linkage between customer demand and facility deterioration in profit model, pricing policies of the service are investigated. Then analytical conditions of customer demand and facility lifetime are derived to achieve a unique optimal pricing policy. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effects of parameter variations on the optimal pricing policy.     

提高港口物流增值服务能力的策略研究

港口物流的增值服务是根据客户需求提供的各种延伸的物流服务活动,是在基本物流服务的基础上延伸出来的具有独特性和创新性的服务。港口物流增值服务是社会经济发展的必然要求,也是港口物流企业提升竞争力的有力武器。文章介绍了增值服务的定义,分析了增值服务给港口物流企业带来的经济效益,并针对目前港口物流企业提高增值服务能力的局限性及意义提出了提升增值服务能力的对策。     

国外碳金融业务发展新趋向及其启示

国外碳金融业务已由早期的基于碳交易所的业务向碳银行业务等方向拓展,以迎合后金融危机时期世界对低碳经济发展的要求。碳金融业务的拓展使其正在向更具有操作性和流动性的碳金融衍生品发展,如碳货币证券化及碳套利工具的开发是基于产业链角度及生态链角度对碳金融业务的拓展,也是对碳金融业务的进一步延伸。由于我国碳金融发展较缓慢,通过对国外碳金融业务发展的考察,可以为我国开展碳金融业务提供相关参考。     

信息不对称与第三方物流服务有形化

文章分析了信息不对称给第三方物流企业业务开拓带来的不利影响,认为物流服务企业借助各种有形要素发送信号以区别于劣质服务,有助于消除物流需求方的逆向选择和各种担忧,并就第三方物流企业如何实施服务有形化提出了具体对策。     

Web Services for Negotiation and Bargaining in Electronic Markets: Design Requirements, Proof-of-Concepts, and Potential Applications to e-Procurement

Information Systems researchers continue to develop Web services hoping that, in a near future, these services will be widely offered in the e-marketplace, using a Web-based protocol that is universally adopted for posting, locating and invoking available services. Posting services does not, however, necessarily lead to market transactions, and a number of brokering activities are needed to facilitate trade. These include, but are not limited to, service discovery and ranking, price negotiation and contract preparation. We propose a set of Web services that support the process of negotiation and bargaining to facilitate the matching of supply and demand of Web services. As a market broker, these web services would help (a) discover the supply/demand of web services in e-marketplaces; (b) find the most appropriate available service for a specific request; (c) facilitate services be modified if needed to satisfy user's needs; (d) arbitrate the pricing mechanism with the recourse to bargaining whenever necessary; and (e) generate a contract. As a proof of concept, we illustrate the potential use of Web services for negotiation and bargaining in e-procurement.     

Formal Employment and Informal Work in Household Services

This article discusses whether employment increases are likely in household services. The conclusion is that until recently, employment increased due to a shift of service work from households to the formal economy (especially the public sector). The growing number of childless or single parent households means a growing demand for services from the formal economy. Still, it seems likely that the service employment growth will slow down and be substituted by work in the informal economy, due to the cost increases in the formal economy connected with low productivity growth in service activities.     

International Marketing of Services and Developing Countries

ABSTRACT

The internationalization of services has gained great momentum in recent years. This article analyzes prospects of developing countries in the international marketing of services by examining past trends of service exports by developing countries, and relating these to demand for services in developed countries through a series of autoregression analyses. Results show that developing countries were marginalized in the international market for services over the 20-year study period. However, there are bright future prospects. The greatest prospects would be in travel services, followed by transport services. Implications of the findings for government policy in the service sector are discussed.     

Consumer Decision-Making in the Purchase of Estate Agency Services

The paucity of research into the ‘demand side’ of services can becontrasted with the plethora of ‘supply side’ investigations. Thispaper reviews consumers' pre-purchase choice and decision-making in services, and summarises the findings of a survey ofproperty vendors who have purchased the services of estateagents. The findings highlight the importance of non-rationaldecision-making in estate agency service purchase, and the keyrole played by personnel in shaping consumer behaviour; whilesuggesting that price and physical appearance of the serviceprovider are not major evaluative criteria. The paper concludesthat existing theory on consumer behaviour for services is inadequate and calls for the imbalance of research into the ‘demand side’ to be addressed.     

Determinants of attitudinal loyalty in Nigerian telecom service sector: Does commitment play a mediating role?

This paper explores the mediating role of commitment in the relationships between service assurance, service reliability and attitudinal loyalty. A quantitative cross-sectional data generated from 138 experienced users of telecommunication services formed the final database. Attitudinal loyalty was found to be a process-based construct that starts from service assurance and proceeds to service reliability and finally to customer commitment and loyalty. The entire process explained 69 per cent of the total variance in attitudinal loyalty. The relationship between service assurance and attitudinal loyalty was insignificant. No support was found for the proposed mediating role of customer commitment in the relationship between service assurance and attitudinal loyalty. In contrast, the relationship between service assurance and attitudinal loyalty was fully mediated by service reliability. Finally, service reliability was both directly and indirectly related to attitudinal loyalty through customer commitment. To attract customers' attitudinal loyalty therefore, services companies especially those within the low-contact service category must deliver reliable services and make efforts to assure customers that their services are reliable. The implications for customer loyalty theory and future research are also discussed.     

危机中物流企业服务项目新探

物流成为十大产业振兴规划的一员,旨在长期促进中国经济的发展。但是,由于第三方物流企业的物流服务的深度和广度有限,使企业危机重重。唯有满足客户、社会、行业的需求,开拓新的市场,才能在竞争中获得企业发展。因此,企业可以开展新的物流服务项目:第一,信息咨询服务,帮助企业将产品运往适销对路的地区;第二,商品展销服务,帮助工商企业缩短销售半径;第三,仓储超市服务,服务农村经济,提高农民生活质量;第四,物流集成服务,帮助企业做大做强。同时分析了当前实施这四个项目的条件。     

东亚各国(地区)承接生产者服务外包的竞争力研究

20世纪90年代"东亚奇迹"模式使经济发展水平各异的东亚经济体实现了不同程度的经济增长和产业结构升级,在以零部件贸易为代表的生产网络框架下东亚地区生产者服务贸易呈现出快速增长的趋势,本文认为东亚生产者服务贸易增长因素主要体现在生产服务链接需求、产业结构升级需求以及东亚地区的促进政策等方面,在此基础上,本文利用贸易相似度指标和面板回归分析方法研究了不同的生产者服务行业中东亚承接服务外包的竞争力状况,结果表明东亚地区的生产者服务业已呈现出类似于制造业转移的特征:继制造业后美国和日本等较为先进的生产者服务提供国继续带动了东亚区域服务业结构升级。     

Verbund von Industrie und Dienstleistungen wird enger

Structural change in highly developed countries is characterized by the increasing importance of the tertiary sector — especially production oriented services — at the expense of the secondary sector. The present paper analyzes the kinds of linkages between service industries and manufacturing branches using the results of a survey of firms carried out in parts of the German Rhineland. The results show that knowledge intensive services in particular help to strengthen the regions’ export bases. Furthermore, service industries and manufacturing industries are closely and increasingly linked to each other. In this process manufacturing industries demand highly specialized services while service industries give innovative impulses, helping to increase industrial firms’ competitive capability. Thus the importance of the manufacturing industry in this network is higher than statistical analysis is able to show. Regions are well advised, therefore, not to neglect the locational requirements of manufacturing industries.     

“环首都经济圈”背景下廊坊市服务业跨越发展有效途径研究

廊坊市的服务业近年来发展迅速，但也存在一定的不足。现代服务业发展相对滞后，服务业整体规模不大，内部结构有待改善。导致廊坊市服务业发展滞后的原因是多方面的，主要体现在产业结构的制约，消费需求不足制约着廊坊市服务业的现代化进程，人才缺乏，科技活动投入明显不足。结合“环首都经济圈”战略的出台，廊坊市要大力提高生产性服务业的水平，积极贯彻“错位”、“抢位”战略，实现与北京服务业的有效互补，大力提高创新能力和人才培养。加大制度创新。实现服务业的跨越式发展。     

Characteristics and Trends in the Israeli Service Economy

Long-term and short-term characteristics of the Israeli service economy are described and analysed. The percentages of service employment in Israel are similar to current ones in developed countries, but a variety of factors make the Israeli case unique. The roots of the Israeli service economy lie in the 1920s when the British established a civil service, while the Jewish population developed the Histadrut, the Jewish Agency, party and municipal services. Meanwhile, the geographical separation between the capital city (Jerusalem), and the largest city (Tel A viv), which became a primate city, encouraged the evolution of services. The constant and very large import of capital, the supply of service-oriented immigrants and the demand for improved health and education services are additional factors. The politicisation of services and bureaucratic activism have a strong impact from a political viewpoint. Altogether, the Israeli service economy has been uniquely structured in an immigration society driven by political rather than economic forces. During the last decade pressures for change have surfaced, due to the development of modern agriculture, manufacturing and domestic consumption. These have increased the finances, insurance and real estate sector, and decreased the dominance of Tel Aviv. The current economic crisis in Israel is interpreted as a crisis of the services.     

The Creation and Growth of Small Business Service Firms in Post-Industrial Britain

Since 1980, the United Kingdom has experienced a dramatic growth in firms and employment in information-intensive business services, such as management consultancy and market research. This article reports the results of the first substantial nation-wide investigation into the nature and causes of small professional business service firm growth in Britain, undertaken in 1991. It reveals marked differences in the characteristics, markets and competitive requirements of such firms, compared with small manufacturing firms. The demand for their services comes predominantly from large companies, and is more focussed on financial and other services and government. But small firms are also making increasing use of business services. Specialised expertise, reputation and educational and professional qualifications are essential prerequisites for the establishment of new business service firms. Their success is also being enhanced by increasing use of informal networking, collaborative partnerships, and subcontracting.     

中国碳金融服务体系构想

在我国,低碳发展模式已经确立,碳排放交易系统即将推出,相关主体对碳金融服务的需求将极大增加。然而,就目前的情况来看,我国尚未建立健全碳金融服务体系,这恐将成为我国低碳发展的掣肘。本文在梳理碳金融服务相关研究文献的基础上,从资金融通和风险管理两个方面解构碳金融服务需求,并分析了其特点,依据分析结果及我国碳金融服务现状提出了我国碳金融服务体系架构的设想。     

高校图书馆开展知识服务的必要性与策略研究

高校图书馆开展知识服务,是在网络信息环境下满足读者知识服务需求的必然选择。知识服务是以读者满意为目标,知识创新为本质,完善方案是重点,进行动态跟踪,使知识增值。高校图书馆依据丰富的文献资源、人力资源与技术优势,开展知识服务应转变观念,坚实地迈出知识服务的第一步;进行深入的读者需求分析,以引导需求;开展定题跟踪服务,进行重点突破;由点到面为教学提供知识信息;为专家教提供个性化服务,为硕博人员提供专题性服务。