Knowledge and Knowledge Management in the Social Media Age

Social media comprise the set of tools identified as blogs, wikis, and other social networking platforms that “enable people to connect, communicate, and collaborate.” These tools create a dynamic, complex information infrastructure that enables easier, faster, and more widespread sharing of information. These affordances make possible phenomena such as viral processes, and they can change how we are able to work and organize. This article explores the impact of this emerging knowledge ecosystem (KE) on some prominent characteristics of knowledge and knowledge management (KM) models through an exploratory critical review of popular epistemological perspectives and conceptual foundations underlying KM models. We find that this emerging KE requires a revisiting of both the social aspects of knowledge creation and some popular notions of enterprise knowledge management.     

正式与非正式知识搜索、知识属性与产品创新

基于正式、非正式搜索的视角,以217家浙江中小型制造企业为样本,研究外部知识搜索对产品创新绩效的影响机制。实证结果表明：正式和非正式搜索对产品创新绩效均具有显著的正向影响,而知识缄默性正向调节正式搜索和产品创新绩效之间的正向关系,负向调节非正式搜索与产品创新绩效之间的正向关系;技术复杂性负向调节非正式搜索与产品创新之间的关系。上述发现确认了外部知识搜索在中小企业创新活动中的重要作用,同时也从知识属性角度识别了影响外部知识搜索效能的重要情境条件。     

Social Media in Organizations: Leveraging Personal and Collective Knowledge Processes

By using social media, many companies try to exploit new forms of interaction, collaboration, and knowledge sharing through leveraging the social, collaborative dimension of social software. The traditional collective knowledge management model based on a top-down approach is now opening up new avenues for a bottom-up approach incorporating a more personal knowledge management dimension, which could be synergized into collective knowledge using the social-collaborative dimension of social media. This article addresses the following questions: (1) How can social media support the management of personal and collective knowledge using a synergetic approach? (2) Do the personal and collective dimensions compete with each other, or can they reinforce each other in a more effective manner using social media?

Our findings indicate that social media supports both the personal and collective dimensions of knowledge, while integrating a social collaborative dimension. The article introduces a framework that classifies social software into four categories according to the level of interaction and control. With certain tools, individuals are more in control. With other tools, the group is in control, resulting in a higher level of interaction and a diversity of knowledge and mindsets brought together. However, deploying and adopting these new tools in an organizational context is still a challenging task for management, owing to both organizational and individual factors.     

Knowledge Protection Challenges of Social Media Encountered by Organizations

Although social media (SM) represents a new means of creating and sharing knowledge, it also presents new challenges for protecting confidential information and other data that companies do not want to share. However, knowledge protection and security-oriented knowledge management processes related to SM have received little attention in previous studies. This research attempts to close that gap by examining which information and knowledge protection challenges arise from employees' use of SM, why they arise, and how organizations can address them. The main contribution of this study is a framework that integrates three types of knowledge protection challenges (information security challenges; reputation challenge; management challenges) with five special characteristics of SM (information distribution speed; blurry audience; merging of private and professional identity; easily collectible information; generation transition), which explain why these challenges arise. In addition, the framework presents eight questions that organizations should answer to help them address the three types of knowledge protection challenges. Our findings have practical implications: by answering the eight questions proposed in this study, companies can create knowledge management and protection policies for SM. Furthermore, the findings in this study open up several future research questions.     

试论非正规就业对完善城市社会保障制度的影响

经济转型期间 ,我国城市劳动力市场处于分割状态 ,城市存在正规和非正规两大部门 ,非正规就业因此产生。由于体制性原因和经济性原因 ,非正规就业在我国将长期存在。但是 ,非正规就业者的社会保障权益却普遍缺失。从多方面分析了在城市劳动力市场长期分割的背景下 ,非正规就业对完善城市社会保障制度的影响     

A Multilevel Perspective of Tensions Between Knowledge Management and Social Media

In this article, we discuss the tensions that are perceived in organizations as the use of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter challenge past approaches to knowledge management initiatives in organizations. We address these perceived tensions using a three-level conceptual framework: the macro- (organizational) level, the meso- (group) level, and the micro- (individual) level. In our discussion, we posit that perceived tensions arise when managers seek to maintain their traditional roles at the macro- (organization) level, yet social media affordances enable these roles to be performed at the micro- (individual level) and mesolevels. Shifts in the extent of the meso-level connections beyond the immediate organizational boundaries enable a wider community of practice than before. As a consequence, traditional management roles may give way to more flexible roles, with greater individual responsibilities for control and more sense-making and knowledge access taking place at the mesolevel. Our contribution is three-fold. In our article, we examine four key organizational factors (roles, ownership, control, and value) using a three-level conceptual model; associate the perceived tensions that arise in organizations with implicit shifts in these variables that accompany the use of social media; and suggest that shifts in emphasis in roles and control at each level can be instrumental in resolving perceived tensions as knowledge management efforts encompass social media.     

员工隐性知识共享及其激励机制

员工知识分享是企业实施客户知识管理的关键环节,是企业有效利用内部知识资源的基础。员工隐性知识分享机制使员工更加有意愿参与分享知识的活动,藉由员工无私的分享,达到知识的散布及学习,快速提升员工的能力及问题发生时处理的态度,从而改善组织的知识分享水平,提高企业资源利用率。     

企业知识分享影响因素模型及对策研究

知识分享是企业知识管理的核心。知识分享的核心是知识的分享与交换。然而,知识分享推动了知识创新,最终将提高企业的核心能力。研究发现,知识分享是知识管理的最大障碍,自愿与他人分享知识也并不符合人性。因此,有必要对知识分享进行系统地研究。     

加拿大公共住房PPPs模式实践与启示

PPPs模式被世界上许多国家应用于公共住房建设领域,为增加公共住房供给提供了一条新的途径。选择加拿大三个PPPs模式的公共住房建设案例,从供给对象、参与主体、资金来源、运营与管理等方面进行比较,归纳加拿大住房PPPs模式的特征,指出加拿大住房PPPs模式对我国的启示。     

Social Media Index Valuation: Impact of Technological,Social, Economic,and Ethical Dimensions

Marketing practitioners have recognized a growing need to measure consumer-generated social media in a standard way since there are numerous social media indicators in use, making intra- and inter-company comparisons difficult. This paper identifies four social media dimensions for measurement and evaluation: technological, social, economic, and ethical; and, subsequently, measures social media. The study makes a contribution to social media literature by using analytic hierarchy process of developing a mathematical model for social media index valuation. The “social media composite index number” will serve as an industry benchmark signifying the organization's share and commitment to social media.     

预先知识、内生共同知识与企业吸纳能力增进

预先知识是企业最初的共同知识,是企业能够快速、有效地吸纳其他外在知识的知识。预先知识是企业的吸纳能力的重要来源,它随着企业的成长发展,通过对关联知识的启发记忆和解决问题的技能的延伸,演化并形成企业内生的共同知识,并推动了企业吸纳能力的增进。     

风险防范中的非利率条件、业缘型社会关系和关联性交易——基于温州民间借贷的经验考察

在直接机制与间接机制分析框架下,考察温州民间借贷的风险防范机制,研究表明:温州民间借贷通过灵活的贷款利率、较小的贷款金额、较短的贷款期限和指向生产经营的贷款用途来控制和降低信贷风险,非利率条件与利率条件一样成为贷款者控制风险的重要手段。温州民间借贷还利用血缘地缘关系、业缘型社会关系及关联性交易来防范借贷风险,在社会转型阶段,后两者能够更加有效地甄别风险、激励还款和保证合约实施。     

企业知识管理中知识共享的障碍及对策分析

随着知识经济的兴起 ,知识管理在现代企业运营中发挥着越来越重要的作用。作为知识管理的关键环节 ,知识共享尤其重要。然而 ,在现代企业中 ,知识共享却遇到了许多障碍 ,严重影响了知识管理在企业中的实施。因此 ,在分析知识共享中存在的各种障碍的基础上 ,有针对性地探索促进知识共享的对策。     

非正式制度、文化传统与企业社会责任困境的隐性消解

企业社会责任正式制度在很多情形下存在失灵的缺陷,回归文化传统这一非正式制度才是消解中国企业社会责任困境的主要线索。文化传统通过共同价值观来影响企业家的道德观念和履责意识,其消解企业社会责任困境的方式是“隐性”的。中国传统典籍中的“和”、“中庸”、“义利统一”、“宗族观”、“家国一体观”、“以人为本”等为基础而形成的文化传统构成了企业社会责任困境隐性消解的非正式制度。     

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Social Enterprise

In this article, we contend that due to their size and emphasis upon addressing external social concerns, the corporate relationship between social enterprises, social awareness and action is more complex than whether or not these organisations engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR). This includes organisations that place less emphasis on CSR as well as other organisations that may be very proficient in CSR initiatives, but are less successful in recording practices. In this context, we identify a number of internal CSR markers that may be applied to measuring the extent to which internal CSR practices are being observed. These considerations may be contrasted with the evidence that community based CSR activities is often well developed in private sector small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) (Observatory of European SMEs, 2002), a situation which may be replicated in social enterprises especially those that have grown from micro-enterprises embedded in local communities. We place particular emphasis upon the implications for employee management. Underpinning our position is the Aristotelian-informed capabilities approach, a theory of human development and quality of life, developed by Sen (1992; 1999) and Nussbaum (1999) which has been developed further, in an organisational context, (e.g., Cornelius, 2002); Cornelius and Gagnon, 2004; Gagnon and Cornelius, 1999; Vogt, 2005. We contend that the capabilities approach offers additional insights into CSR in social enterprises in general and internal CSR activity in particular. Our article concludes with proposals for future research initiatives and reflections upon social enterprise development from a capabilities perspective.     

从知识管理角度谈企业知识管理系统的构建

探讨了知识管理在企业管理中的应用、企业知识管理系统的组成、构建的障碍。提出了企业知识管理系统的初步框架结构,涉及到管理学、计算机科学等学科的多方面知识。     

企业知识价值链的构建与知识价值实现路径研究

企业知识价值链的研究经历了一个不断发展完善的过程,本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,综合考虑企业内外部知识活动,针对原有研究对企业外部知识流动缺乏考虑的不足,构建了一个修正的知识价值链模型,延伸了原有的企业知识价值链。另外就知识价值的实现问题从理论和实践两个层面进行了具体描述,为企业的知识管理实践提供参考。     

完全信息条件下企业内部知识共享激励机制研究

基于委托代理理论和企业内部知识共享过程中所呈现的完全信息特征,构建了完全信息条件下企业内部知识共享多阶段激励机制模型。通过最优化一阶条件分别求解员工风险中性与风险规避时的最优激励机制,并分析最优激励机制的特点。研究结果表明:在完全信息条件下的企业内部知识共享过程中企业设计强制合同,帕累托最优合同可以实现,当员工为风险中性时,员工承担全部风险;当员工为风险规避时,员工不承担风险。     

Social media in marketing research: Theoretical bases,methodological aspects,and thematic focus

The widespread use of social media as a marketing tool during the last decade has been responsible for attracting a significant volume of academic research, which, however, can be described as highly fragmented to yield clear directions and insights. We systematically synthesize and critically evaluate extant knowledge of social media marketing extracted from 418 articles published during the period 2009–2021. In doing so, we use an organizing framework focusing on five key areas of social media marketing research, namely, social media as a promotion and selling outlet, social media as a communication and branding channel, social media as a monitoring and intelligence source, social media as a customer relationship management and value cocreation platform, and social media as a general marketing and strategic tool. Within each of these areas, we provide important theoretical, methodological, and thematic insights, as well as future research directions. We also offer useful managerial implications derived from the articles reviewed.     

Loyalty to Social Ventures in Social Media: The Role of Social Cause Involvement,Identification, and Commitment

Recently, more social organizations are engaging in market transactions to achieve financial self-reliance. In today’s highly competitive market, it is imperative for such social ventures to bolster long-term support from their consumers through every possible point of access, such as social media. Given the importance of social media in enhancing customer relationships, this study examines factors that promote consumers’ loyalty toward social ventures, focusing on intentions to participate in cause-related activities and opinion-sharing behavior via social media. Data obtained from 304 US consumers confirmed that consumer involvement, identification, and commitment were key determinants of consumer loyalty in social media. The results also showed that the effect of involvement was mediated by identification and commitment. The findings suggest that social ventures should not only attract interested segments through social media, but also engage and enhance their sense of belonging and commitment.