额济纳的的胡杨林

不得不承认,如今去内蒙古额济纳旗看胡杨林,也成了一大俗事.网络上流行这样一句话：如果爱一个人,就带她去看额济纳旗的秋天,因为那里的大漠胡杨就是天堂.     

词的理据的模糊性

从历时的角度来看,语言是不断发展的,词义的变化使一些词的理据模糊。在现代英语中有些词甚至变成无理据或者难以找出理据。从共时角度来看,词的理据在跨文化交际中有时也会变得模糊。对理据的模糊性这一语言现象的探讨,使我们体会到语言是在特定的历史、社会、文化的背景中不断发展的;要避免模糊理据的干扰,准确把握词的意义。     

持续的物价上涨的原因及其带来的影响

2007年下半年开始,我国物价的飞速上涨成为我国经济生活中最热门的话题,它不仅牵动着亿万消费者的心,同时也受到了党中央和国务院的高度重视,对物价上涨原因及其带来影响的研究对我国经济的积极健康发展都有十分重要的意义.     

警察权的性质的反思

目前学术界一直存在着有关警察权的性质争论．警察权的定位较为模糊,由于警察权对于警务人员执行职务时所秉持的职业理念有重要影响,因此有必要对警察权的性质问题进行探讨。     

警察权的性质的反思

目前学术界一直存在着有关警察权的性质争论.警察权的定位较为模糊,由于警察权对于警务人员执行职务时所秉持的职业理念有重要影响,因此有必要对警察权的性质问题进行探讨.     

论刑讯逼供的的根源——沉默权的缺失

<刑法>明确规定了刑讯逼供罪,而司法实践中刑讯逼供现象却屡禁不止,其原因是多种多样的,但究其根源应是抗衡机制的缺陷--沉默权的缺失.唯有确立沉默权,才能从根本上遏制现实中刑讯逼供的发生.     

持续的物价上涨的原因及其带来的影响

2007年下半年开始,我国物价的飞速上涨成为我国经济生活中最热门的话题,它不仅牵动着亿万消费者的心,同时也受到了党中央和国务院的高度重视,对物价上涨原因及其带来影响的研究对我国经济的积极健康发展都有十分重要的意义。     

韩国的产业结构的发展及存在的问题

韩国产业结构历经了七个发展阶段,分别是战争萧条阶段、经济恢复阶段、工业起步阶段、资本密集型重化工业发展阶段、发展技术密集型产业阶段、向后工业化过渡时期、金融危机后经济复苏阶段,经过这些发展阶段逐步形成了现在的韩国产业结构,但是仍有一些问题制约着韩国产业结构的优化与升级,不利于韩国经济的发展。本文首先对韩国产业结构的演进历程进行分析、进而阐述了韩国产业结构所存在的缺陷与问题,由此对中国产业结构的发展提出了一些建议。     

核心的还是综合的

产品、服务和生活方式的重要创新主体之一是企业.企业能够在集成理念、资本、创意和技术之后而产生新的生活方式.随着时代的变迁,企业竞争力的转型就成了人们关注的焦点.关于竞争力,一直存在着"核心力"和"综合力"两种理论.     

八佰伴企业形象的的塑造

无锡八佰伴是无锡市第一家流通领域中的合资企业。于1996年7月10日正式开业,面对疲弱的市场,他们除了对商品进行全方位的正确定位外,还注重企业形象的塑造。     

Romanians,Hungarians and their wages,in transition,in Romania

Legally binding treaties or memorandums have been used over time to regulate the issue of national borders of many European countries. As a result, relatively large groups of people have become ethnic minorities in other countries. They may conserve their ethnic identities, and therefore their children may accumulate ethnic human capital (e.g., language, culture, and religion) in addition to the general human capital of the country. Therefore, they can get access to an appropriate occupation linked by tradition or other factors to their ethnic group. This paper uses estimates from a selection model with an endogenous switch among three broad types of occupational groups to analyze the composition of the wage gap between Romanians and ethnic Hungarians in Romania before and during the transition from a planned to a market economy. The results suggest that the institutional settings of the controlled economy allowed Romanians to work in occupations that gave them the best returns, while the changes during the transition years allowed ethnic Hungarians to work in occupations that gave them the best returns.     

Heterogeneity in Ability and Inheritance,Disparities, and Development

This paper investigates the impact of income inequality on economic growth. A two-period overlapping generations model is developed where agents are heterogeneous in innate abilities and inheritance. In the first period, they receive their inheritance and their abilities are revealed. There are only two types of abilities: high and low. Individuals decide on their education level, and divide their inheritance between spending on education and saving. In the second period, individuals supply their labor and allocate the labor income and the return to their saving between consumption and bequests to their offsprings. Initial capital stock is owned entirely by the capitalists. In this context, a more equal distribution of income enhances economic growth if the economy is lower than a threshold capital-labor ratio, while income inequality has an insignificant effect above this threshold. The predictions of the model are tested empirically using the Hansen (1999) threshold estimation. The results, using a panel of 70 countries for the period 1971-1999, suggest that there is a statistically significant threshold income per capita, below which the coefficient on the relationship between inequality and economic growth is significantly negative and above which the estimate is not significant.     

Communication, Risk, and Efficiency in Games

This paper uses curb sets to study the evolution of effective pre-play communication in games where a single communication round precedes a simultaneous-move, complete-information game. It is shown that the effectiveness of one-sided pre-play communication is inversely related to risk in the underlying game, and to the size of the message space. If messages have somea prioriinformation content, then multi-sided communication is more effective than one-sided communication; i.e., risk and the size of the message space play no role.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Number: C72.     

Caste, Inequality, and Poverty in India

This paper analyses inequality and poverty in India within the context of caste‐based discrimination. It does so by decomposing the difference between (caste) Hindu and Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households in: their average household incomes; their probabilities of being in different income percentiles; their probabilities of being at different levels of poverty into: a “discrimination effect”, which stems from the fact that a household's income level, into which its (income‐generating) profile translates, depends on whether it is SC/ST; an “attributes (or residual) effect” which stems from the fact that there are systematic differences between SC/ST and Hindu households in their (income‐generating) profiles. The results, based on unit record data for 28,922 households, showed that at least one‐third of the average income/probability differences between Hindu and SC/ST households was due to the “unequal treatment” of the latter.     

Trade,employment, and inequality in postreform China

The paper uses provincial-level Chinese foreign trade statistics, and a 1981 World Bank input-output table for China, to explore the impact of economic reform on employment, trade, and income inequality. The author concludes that trade increases regional inequality, and that 1981 trade decreased total employment in China, but that by 1985, due largely to the agricultural response to reform, net trade had become jobcreating.     

Geography,demography, and economic growth in Africa

This paper presents the effects of climate, topography, and natural ecology on public health, nutrition, demographics, technological diffusion, international trade and other determinants of economic development in Africa. The goal of this paper is to emphasize the need for intensified research on the issues at the intersection of ecology and human society. Geography was given emphasis because of three reasons: the minimal gain from another recitation of the damage caused by statism, protectionism and corruption to African economic performance; negligence of the role of natural forces in shaping economic performance; and tailoring of policies to geographical realities. The paper also discusses the general problems of tropical development and the focus of Africa's problems in worldwide tropical perspectives; demographic trends in Africa; use of standard cross-country growth equations with demographic and geographic variables, to account for the relative roles of geography; and the future growth strategies and the need for urban-based export growth in manufacturing and services. Lastly, the authors provide a summary of conclusions and discuss the agenda for future research.     

Human Capital, Growth, and Inequality in Russia

Our model captures the fact that Russia has both much human capital and an education system that produces the wrong skills for a market economy. We define a rule for the timing of educational restructuring that is Pareto optimal and that dominates all later times in a Paretian sense while simultaneously reducing inequality. We demonstrate that failure to implement restructuring early in the transition process is likely to produce a very long delay that will significantly reduce Russia's human capital. A retreat from subsidizing public education is likely to be counterproductive. We argue that early educational restructuring should be emphasized in Russia's transition strategy. J. Comp. Econom., December 1999, 27(4), pp. 618–643. Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, N.T., Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado 88217; and Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, United Kingdom.     

Entry, Prices, and Investment in Regulated Industries

The paper studies how the optimal regulatory policy is affected by the possibility of unregulated firms entering the market. In such cases, the regulator may prefer to limit price and cost reductions in the regulated incumbent. The extent to which this happens is shown to depend on the extent of the regulator's commitment: if it commits to a chosen policy, then the market outcome following entry is less competitive than it would be without commitment: price and production costs are both higher. We also show that, unlike the natural monopoly case, incentives for cost reducing investment are stronger when the regulatory policy has a short regulatory interval.