当前经济理论界的几个理论误区

本文认为,当前我国经济理论界论战的关键问题之一,是如何正确对待马克思主义经济学和西方经济学的关系。在我国经济理论界,一些人对西方经济学一窝蜂地盲目推崇,使马克思主义经济学及其在经济学领域的指导地位遇到了严重的挑战。实际上,西方经济学的推崇者陷入了一系列理论误区,因为他们不愿意承认西方社会科学的阶级性、意识形态和价值判断。文章提出,对西方经济学要进行分析、鉴别和批判,邓小平关于正确对待西方学术文化思潮的论述,现在仍然是我们正确解决马克思主义经济学和西方经济学关系的指导原则。     

HOME ECONOMICS: A SOCIO-PRACTICAL FIELD

It is suggested that Home Economics is a socio-practical field, and an account of this new concept together with a consideration of the relation of theory and practice in a socio-practical field are given. The implications of this for Home Economics are discussed and an outline of what a home economics theory would look like, given that Home Economics is a socio-practical field, is put forward.     

The contribution of home economics teaching to nutrition knowledge and food choice among adolescents

The diets of two groups of adolescent schoolchildren living in Lothian were assessed. Children who studied Home Economics at Standard Grade were compared with those who did not. A short questionnaire and a dietary diary were used to establish nutrition knowledge and food choice over a period of 7 days, allowing comparisons to be drawn between students who study Home Economics and those who do not. Nutrition knowledge was better among those studying Home Economics. Eating patterns among those studying Home Economics followed more closely the recommended percentages of dietary energy derived from protein, fat and carbohydrate, but there was also considerable evidence that those studying Home Economics tended to eat less generally and to have lower intakes of micronutrients, such as calcium, iron and folic acid. Possible reasons for the differences in nutrition knowledge and eating habits are discussed, with some indicators for future work in this area.     

A REPORT ON THE INTEGRATION OF A UNIT OF DESIGN STUDIES INTO ADVANCED COURSES IN HOME ECONOMICS.

The content of a unit of Design Studies which has been produced for a degree course in Home Economics is outlined and an exercise in three dimensional problem solving is described. The potential of the contribution of Design Education to the development of the modern home economist and consumer is discussed, and the case for an integrated and central role for design studies in Home Economics Courses is presented.     

分工理论的演进与农村城镇化的实践要求

经济学中分工理论的演进,可分为两个历史阶段:一是古典的、新古典的分工理论;二是新兴古典经济学的分工理论。在前人研究的基础上,创立了分工经济理论的数理模型,从而指出了农村城镇化的实践要求及其若干建议。     

Is cooking dead? The state of Home Economics Food and Nutrition education in a Canadian province

High population rates of obesity and nutrition‐related chronic diseases warrant an examination of the role of food and nutrition education in health promotion. Using a mixed‐methods approach, this study explored student enrolment trends in, and perceptions of, Home Economics Food and Nutrition education in a Canadian province. Enrolment in Home Economics Food and Nutrition courses for grades 7–12 was examined from 2000 to 2010 using administrative data. Perceptions of Home Economics Food and Nutrition education by home economics teachers and superintendents were investigated through in‐depth interviews using a grounded theory approach. Results revealed that, although enrolment, including boys, increased slightly over the study period, the majority of children do not take Home Economics Food and Nutrition classes. Further, enrolment decreased significantly from grades 7 (45.77%) to 12 (7.61%). Home Economics Food and Nutrition education faces significant challenges to its future viability. These include: many school administrators, non‐home economics teachers and some parents do not value Home Economics Food and Nutrition education; Home Economics Food and Nutrition education is seen as less valuable than math and science for future career planning; outdated curriculum and teaching infrastructure; reduced numbers of new home economics teachers; decreasing student food knowledge and skills; and changing social norms regarding food and eating (increased use of convenience foods across population groups, a youth ‘fast food culture’ and fewer family meals). Results also indicated that Home Economics Food and Nutrition education is seen as critically important for youth, given that one third of Canadian children are now overweight or obese, fast and highly processed foods make up an increasing proportion of Canadians' diets, and there are increasing dilemmas being faced with food production and food safety. These results signal a growing tension between societal trends towards technological solutions in education and everyday living, and the growing acknowledgement of the externalities associated with these trends including poor health and environmental impacts. Consequently, evidence‐based food and nutrition education that is relevant for today's food environment and busy lifestyles is warranted to improve the health of current and future generations. This should be based on a comprehensive food and nutrition framework including functional, interactive and critical ‘food literacy’. Policy measures are urgently required to ensure all youth have access to food literacy education.     

Economic Research in a Financial Group in Mexico

Business Economics - A look at the workings of the Research Department at Banamex. The article is part of a series “Economics at Work”     

Ethics,Income and Religion

This paper investigates the relationship between ethics and income among individuals of different religions in the HKSAR of China. The presence of both traditional Chinese religion and Christianity from the West makes our study particularly interesting. The content of ethical beliefs varies with religion and thus the effect of ethics on income may also vary across religion. Furthermore, a reverse causal relationship may run from income to ethics. Since culture and taste affect the consumption behavior of a person, depending on the religion of the person, a person with a higher income may or may not like to ‘acquire’ more ethics. Our empirical results find that there is indeed a simultaneous relationship between income and being ethical so that a single equation estimation of income on ethics and vice versa generates biased estimates. Using a two-stage instrumental variable estimation, our study finds that being ethical contributes to higher income for Christians and the non-religious group, but lowers it for people of traditional Chinese religion. On the other hand, an increase in income increases the likelihood of a person’s being ethical for both Christians and the people of traditional Chinese religion, but reduces it for the non-religious group. Dr. Kit-Chun LAM is Professor in Economics Department of the Hong Kong Baptist University. She is also Guest Professor in the Centre for Business Ethics of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, China. Her work has appeared in the Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Labor Economics, Journal of Comparative Economics, Canadian Journal of Economics, Economica and Labour Economics. Dr. Bill Hung is Associate Professor in Economics Department of the Hong Kong Baptist University. His work has appeared in the Journal of International Money and Finance, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Atlantic Economic Journal, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, etc.     

Correction to: Charles Camic: Veblen,The Making of an Economist Who Unmade Economics

Business Economics - The article Charles Camic: Veblen, The Making of an Economist Who Unmade Economics, written by Charles Steindel, has been updated.     

HOME ECONOMICS IN CANADIAN UNIVERSITIES 1978

This paper outlines the development of programmes in home economics education in Canadian Universities in this century. It also considers the work done at postgraduate level and Home Economics enrolment statistics for 1976–1977 are included. Opportunities for graduates in Home Economics in Canada are also discussed.     

流通理论在经济学中的回归:一个学说史的考察

国内一些学者一直致力于流通理论或流通经济学的构建,并取得了积极的进展,积累了宝贵的经验,但仍未能摆脱流通理论的贫困状态。对于如何构建流通理论,学界有不同的观点,尤其对于流通理论的一些基本问题依然存在争论。文章主要沿着古典经济学、新古典经济学、制度经济学和新兴古典经济学的发展脉络,探寻流通理论在经济学中的踪迹,以期对诸如流通理论的存在性、流通理论的研究对象或核心范畴、流通理论与新兴经济学派之间的关系等问题做进一步的探讨。     

Reviews

Skålnes, Tor The Politics of Economics Reform in Zimbabwe, Continuity and Change in Development Antle, John M. and Sumner, Daniel A. The Economics of Agriculture Helleiner, G.K. (ed.) Manufacturing for Export in the Developing World, Problems and Possibilities     

Financial derivative instruments and social ethics

Recent finance literature attributes the development of derivative instruments (interest rate futures, stock index futures) to (1) technological advances, and (2) improved mathematical models for predicting option prices. This paper explores the role of social ethics in the acceptance of financial derivatives. The relationship between utilitarian ethical principles and the demise of turn-of-the-century bucket shops is contrasted with modern tolerance of financial derivatives based upon libertarian ethical precepts. Our conclusion is that a change in social ethics also facilitated the growth in trading in modern financial derivatives.J. Patrick Raines is an Associate Professor of Economics and holds the F. Carlyle Tiller Chair in Business at the University of Richmond in Richmond, Virginia.Charles G. Leathers is a Professor of Economics in the Department of Economics, Finance and Business Law at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.     

城市房价与全要素生产率:“挤出效应”与“筛选效应”

本文主要关注城市房价对整体全要素生产率和企业个体全要素生产率影响的差异性,重点分析城市房价上涨对工业企业的"筛选效应"与"倒逼效应"。利用230个地级市数据和微观工业企业数据,采用工具变量法分别检验了房价对城市整体以及工业企业全要素生产率的差异性影响。实证结果表明,城市高房价显著抑制了城市全要素生产率水平的提升,这种抑制效应主要来自房地产投资对实体经济资金的"挤占效应"和"资源错配效应"。城市房价快速上涨对工业企业的"筛选效应",使房价快速增长城市工业企业的全要素生产率一般会较高。如果对留存企业的"倒逼效应"难以抵消房价上涨带来的效率损失时,房价快速上涨累积形成的高房价与工业企业生产率之间会存在一种"倒U型"曲线关系。城市房价快速上涨对服务业企业的"锁定效应"与生产率的"侵蚀效应",使房价快速上涨及高房价城市中工业企业全要素生产率较高,但城市整体生产率水平较低。稳健性分析也支持了以上研究结论。     

纵向财政关系改革与基层政府财力保障:准自然实验分析

基层政府的财力保障关系到整个国家财政职能的履行。如何调整政府间纵向财政关系以提升基层政府的财力水平,是加快建立现代财政制度的重要问题。近年来,省直管县财政体制改革的推行成为理顺政府间纵向财政关系的一项重要尝试,为实证研究纵向财政关系改革对县级基层政府财力保障的影响提供了准自然实验分析的条件。本文基于全国县级数据,利用倾向得分匹配-双重差分法(PSM-DID),研究省直管县这一纵向财政关系改革对县级可支配财力的影响,并且对其影响路径加以识别。研究结果表明,改革对县级可支配财力的提高具有显著促进作用;相比于本级财政收入,改革对上级转移支付的提升作用更为明显,说明改革更多的是通过约束地级市对县级转移支付的截留行为,实现了县级基层政府财力水平的提高。     

经济学的数学化贫困——奥地利学派视野中的数学方法

数学化推动了自然科学的迅猛发展,这种趋势也深刻影响了经济学。边际革命后西方主流经济学走上一条数学形式化的不归之路,但作为边际革命发起者之一的门格尔所创立的奥地利学派经济学家一直反对经济学的数学形式化,这源于该学派不同于主流经济学对经济现象的基本认识和所持的哲学观。奥地利学派一直秉承至今的传统对当前经济学的人文理解有重要启示意义。     

延迟退休政策宣告与城镇家庭储蓄率变动

具体内容不明的待实施政策也有可能造成实际的经济影响,事前预期在其中扮演重要角色。本文利用延迟退休政策宣告这一外生冲击,使用中国家庭追踪调查的微观数据实证检验了延迟退休政策对城镇家庭储蓄率的影响。我们的研究首次发现,延迟退休政策宣告显著地降低了城镇家庭的储蓄率,主要影响途径为家庭的可预期收入增加。平均而言,家庭中每多一个尚未退休的劳动力,其储蓄率大约降低5%;可供工作的时间每多一年,储蓄率大约降低0.2%。该宣告效应在不同家庭之间存在较大差异。关注社会经济新闻和临近退休的家庭对此更加敏感,而储蓄率较高、流动性约束宽松的家庭相对不易于降低其储蓄率。延迟退休能够有效释放城镇居民储蓄,但必须对潜在受影响人群加以区别对待,不搞"一刀切",且应较有弹性地实施。在确认宣告效应存在的前提下,延迟退休政策的出台应该尽快披露后续安排,稳定居民预期。     

The market ethic: Moral dilemmas and microeconomics

Brief cases written as multiple choice questions can provide the basis for a classroom game based on business ethics. This teaching note describes the organization of such a game and provides five sample cases.Julianne Nelson is an Assistant Professor of Economics at the Stern School of Business of New York University. She has also taught at the Ecole Superieure de Commerce in Tours, France. Her publications have appeared in theInternational Economic Review, Economics Letters, theJournal of Regulatory Economics, theJournal of Business Ethics, andJapan and the World Economy.I would like to thank my students for their suggestions and support of this project. This research was supported by a grant from the Rundin Foundation.     

Foreign direct investment in the privatisation of the Polish economy

In the 1990s a major change took place in the ownership structure in the Polish economy, with a dramatic shift towards the private sector. The following article examines the different ways in which privatisation has taken place, the penetration of foreign capital into the Polish economy and the role which foreign direct investment has played in the transformation process. The author is an expert of the Goansk Institute for Market Economics; she would like to thank Catherine Lockhead-Strzępka, Institute of Economics at the University of Information Technology in Rzeszów, for corrections to the English translation.     

我国公共项目经济评价问题研究

依据公共部门经济学和福利经济学理论,分析西方国家公共项目经济评价通用的成本———效益法在应用于我国公共项目评价的具体问题,从项目划分标准、评价方法、指标体系方面提出建立我国公共项目经济评价体系的思考。