Regulation,deregulation, self-regulation: The case of engineers in Ontario

Against a wider background of rationales for deregulation within a modern economy, and as an exercise of subjecting a theory to the hard discipline of a particular case, a detailed analysis is given of a recent proposal for a form of deregulation (the industrial exemption) for engineering in Ontario. The proposal of the Staff Study of the Professional Organizations Committee set up by the Ontario Government is analyzed in terms of its Posnerian foundations, and is critized theoretically, empirically and normatively. Attention is drawn to two wider issues: the protection by self-regulating professionals of third parties against negative externalities, and the adverse effects of the proletarianization of professionals in large organizations. J. T. Stevenson is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Toronto where he teaches Ethics and Engineering and he is co-chairman of the Occupational Ethics Group. An important publication is Standards and Support Stystems for Whistle-Blowers, Engineering Dimensions, 1982.An earlier version of this paper was presented to a conference, Economics, Philosophy and Justice, at University of Waterloo, May 1983. I am indebted to Lawrence Haworth, University of Waterloo, for helpful criticisms. A shorter version was presented to a conference sponsored by the Society for Business Ethics at de Paul University, Chicago, July 1983. I thank Conrad Brunk, Conrad Grebel College, Waterloo for further helpful comments. The paper draws primarily on two documents: (a) Micheal J. Treblicock, Carolyn J. Tuohy and Alan D. Wolfson, Professional Regulation: A Staff Study of Accountancy, Architecture, Engineering and Law, prepared for The Professional Organizations Committee, Ministry of the Attorney General of Ontario, 1979. (Hereafter referred to as POC Staff); (b) H. Allen Leal, J. Alex Corry, J. Stefan Dupré, The Report of the Professional Organizations Committee, Ministry of the Attorney General of Ontario, 1980. (Hereafter referred to as POC Report). The first work brings together material form sixteen staff working papers, to which I have had access through the courtesy of Professor John Swan, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto. I have also made use of The Professions and Public Policy ed. by Philip Slayton and Michael J. Treblicock, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978 and, for American perspectives, Regulating the Professions, ed. by Roger D. Blair and Stephen Rubin, Lexington: D.C. Heath and Company, 1980.     

German views on UNCTAD II

Something about the immense importance of UNCTAD II can be inferred from the hypothetical assumption that the joint attempt of 132 nations to build a “world without poverty, misery, and despair” might founder, and from sober consideration of the effects of such an event. Numerous representatives of developing countries, in their introductory addresses to the Conference, have stressed the indispensable need for bridging the gap which separates the world into the two camps of the affluent and the poor, lest economic backwardness cause again and again major conflicts. We have discussed some aspects of UNCTAD II with Dr Schulz, the deputy acting head of the German deannation, shortly before he left Germany for New Delhi.     

UNCTAD III—Outcome still undecided

When the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development meets in Santiago de Chile on April 13, 1972, for its third full session, the representatives of 140 states and multllateral organisations will be faced with a very comprehensive programme including quite a few subjects of dispute. This article by Dr Eppler, the Federal Minister for Economic Cooperation, points out some of the problems on the agenda of the third UNCTAD.     

GATT and UNCTAD — Development theory and practice

Inherent in this subject is the question of foreign trade: Does it help or hinder development of LDCs or, more concretely, under what conditions and by what measures can positive effects be achieved and negative results be avoided?¹     

UNCTAD发布《2007年世界海运回顾》

<正>2007年12月7日,联合国贸易和发展会议(UNCTAD)在其发布的《2007年世界海运回顾》中指出,2006年,在中国、印度等亚洲国家的带动下,世界经济和海运贸易继续保持增长,全球海运货物总量达74亿吨,比前一年增长了4.3%。报告指出,去年全球国内生产总值增长了4%,其中亚洲发展中国家增长了7.6%;世界商品贸易增长了8.0%,其中中国以22%的出口增长率继续成为领军力量。受亚洲强劲的需求     

The fight over the global development agenda: How the west tries to marginalise UNCTAD

The UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has a long history of intellectual independence. This article details how Western countries tried to marginalise the organisation and its work — which is often critical of Western powers — during the 2012 UNCTAD conference. While developing countries were able to mobilise and partially beat back these attempts for now, the organisation’s ability to contribute to global macroeconomics remains under threat.     

联合国贸发会议《2004年贸易和发展报告》在京发布

<正> 联合国贸易和发展会议《2004年贸易和发展报告》9月14日在京首发。“中国扮演了此轮世界经济增长引擎的角色,”在发布仪式上,贸发会议全球化和发展战略司负责人弗拉斯贝克这样赞誉中国经济。由联合国贸易与发展会议出版的《2004年贸易和发展报告》由贸发会议和中国商务部联合首发,报告对中国经济的快速发展进行了深入分析。弗拉斯贝克称,目前全球经济形势较前一年看好,已出现复苏并将持续增长,其中,发展中