双元工作压力情境下感知深层差异对员工创造力的影响

基于社会分类和相似-吸引理论,探讨了在个体层面团队多样性对员工创造力的影响机制,并检验了挑战性-阻断性压力作为情境变量的调节作用.对317名企业员工的数据分析结果表明:员工感知的与团队成员之间的深层差异负向影响员工创造力;信息交换中介感知深层差异与员工创造力之间的关系.挑战性压力正向调节感知深层差异与信息交换之间的关系:当挑战性压力较高时,感知深层差异与信息交换之间的负向关系减弱.阻断性压力的负向调节作用没有得到支持.     

知识型员工的压力管理

压力是当人们去适应由周围环境引起的刺激时，人们的身体或者精神上的生理反应，它可能对人们心理和生理健康状况产生积极或者消极的影响。因压力过大造成的员工经常性的旷工、心不在焉、创造力下降而导致的企业生产力损失，在美国每年超过1500亿美元。为了预防和减少压力对员工个人和组织造成的消极影响，发挥其积极效应，许多企业管理者已开始关注员工的压力管理问题。     

企业伪善情境下员工创造力研究:基于道德认知和情感的双路径机制北大核心

企业伪善的外部消极影响已得到广泛关注,但其对员工的影响机理仍待探索。本文以认知—情感个性系统理论为基础,从理性道德认知和非理性道德情感出发构建企业伪善和员工创造力的关系模型。通过对361份高科技企业员工问卷数据进行检验后发现:企业伪善减少员工创造力;道德认同和消极道德情感(厌恶和蔑视)在企业伪善和员工创造力之间起到双中介作用,且二者存在相互替代效应,即道德认同会减弱消极道德情感对创造力的消极影响,而消极道德情感则会弱化道德认同对创造力的积极影响。据此,企业应提高责任践诺能力和注重情理并举,多途径缓解企业伪善的负面效果。     

他山之石可以攻玉:间接社会网络对员工创造力的影响

员工创造力对企业发展至关重要,因此如何有效提高员工创造力成为当前一个重要研究议题.目前,大量学者从社会网络的视角研究了创造力的影响因素,但是鲜有研究关注间接社会网络对创造力的影响.间接社会网络是指个体的朋友或同事(团队成员)所拥有的社会网络关系或占据的网络位置.本研究探讨了员工的间接网络中心度、结构洞对员工创造力的影响,以及员工心理安全的调节作用.基于224份来自高科技企业的有效调查问卷,结果发现,间接网络中心度对员工创造力有积极影响,而间接网络结构洞对创造力有消极影响.此外,员工的心理安全对间接网络中心度与员工创造力之间的关系有正向调节作用,但是对间接网络结构洞与员工创造力之间关系的调节作用不显著.根据上述研究结果,文章对企业管理实践提供了相应的建议.     

工作压力对企业新生代员工主动创新行为的影响研究

论文对企业新生代员工进行研究,探讨工作压力对企业新生代员工主动创新行为的影响。研究发现,挑战性压力源对新生代员工主动创新行为有积极影响。相反,阻碍性压力源对新生代员工主动创新行为产生消极影响。另外,组织的支持与关心对新生代员工主动创新行为也产生了积极影响。针对研究结果,论文从增加挑战性压力、降低阻碍性压力等角度提出提高新生代员工主动创新行为的方法。     

共享领导与员工创造力:一个被调节的中介模型

本研究结合自我决定理论和工作特征理论,将共享领导和员工创造力引入分析框架中,以心理所有权作为中介变量、任务重要性作为调节变量,构建了一个跨层的有调节的中介模型.通过对13家企业、74个团队的401个样本进行实证研究发现:(1)共享领导与员工创造力显著正相关;(2)心理所有权在共享领导和员工创造力之间发挥中介作用;(3)任务重要性增强共享领导对心理所有权的正向作用,并正向调节共享领导对员工创造力的间接作用.本研究拓展了共享领导的跨层研究,同时通过关注员工个体心理感受,丰富了共享领导对创造力的中介机制及其边界条件研究,并对员工创造力管理实践具有重要的管理启示.     

基于变革型领导理论视角下的员工创造力影响研究

基于变革型领导理论,可分析其对员工创造力的影响。员工创造力是企业创建核心竞争力的根本,是员工的个性特征、认知能力等内在因素和工作情境因素的特殊综合。在激发员工创造力的过程中,变革型领导主要通过员工的内在动机、心理授权和对组织创新支持氛围的感知等中介因素的作用来影响员工的创造力。在现实的管理情境中,可通过对领导者进行变革型领导培训,从组织、激励和培训三个方面培养高创造力的员工。     

EAP在中国

随着社会竞争的日益激烈,人们的生活节奏提速、物质生活水平提高,人际关系更具有挑战性,对个人发展和在社会中的竞争力、适应性的要求也变得越来越高.就业压力、个人危机、情感纠纷、家庭、人际纠纷等问题已经成为影响员工心理健康的主要因素.员工如果不具备良好的心理状态,便会丧失工作热情,情绪低落,严重时还会影响工作效率、客户服务水平和企业绩效.目前在西方企业盛行的员工援助计划(Employee Assistance Programs,EAP)作为人力资源管理的重要手段之一,近年来受到了越来越多企业的重视.员工援助计划的实施对于提高企业员工的心理健康水平、增强企业的核心能力都有着重要意义.     

授权型领导对员工创造力的影响作用研究

创造力是创新的基础,提高员工的创造力在一定程度上是对组织创新能力的提高。授权型领导因授权予员工,而给员工发挥创造力的空间,进而有助于提升组织创新水平。文章通过对419名在职员工的调查,实证探讨授权型领导对员工创造力的影响作用。研究发现：授权型领导通过影响员工心理授权正向影响员工的创造力,心理授权又通过内在动机正向影响员工创造力;心理授权在授权型领导与员工创造力之间起完全中介作用。     

心理安全感视角下组织伦理氛围与员工言行关系研究

本研究以460名企业员工为样本,探讨了心理安全感和集体主义倾向在组织伦理氛围与员工建言行为关系中分别起到的中介和调节作用.研究表明:关怀型、规则型伦理氛围对员工建言行为有显著的正向影响,并且心理安全感在其间起到了部分中介作用;工具型伦理氛围对心理安全感和建言行为没有显著影响;集体主义倾向在心理安全感与建言行为间的关系中存在显著的调节效应.     

An investigation of coworker relationships and psychological collectivism on employee propensity to take charge

This study examines how coworker interactions and psychological collectivism impact an employee's likelihood of engaging in taking charge behavior. Work group contextual factors examined include team–member exchange (TMX), coworker support and psychological collectivism. Results show that TMX and psychological collectivism were significantly related to an individual's propensity to engage in taking charge behavior. This study highlights the importance that one's interactions with coworkers can have on an employee's willingness to engage in taking charge behavior, contributing an important new perspective to the literature on the contextual antecedents that drive an individual's behavioral efforts to bring about innovation and change. Implications for research and practitioners are discussed.     

Building effective organizations: transformational leadership,collectivist orientation,work-related attitudes and withdrawal behaviours in three emerging economies

Abstract

Previous cross-cultural research on transformational leadership has focused mainly on replicating the augmentation effects of transformational leadership over transactional leadership on followers’ attitudes and behaviours. Relatively few studies have systematically examined cultural impacts in moderating the influence of transformational leadership on work-related outcomes taking a cross-cultural perspective. Using a field survey of 577 employees from banking and financial sectors in three emerging economies, namely: China, India and Kenya, we examined the moderating effect of collectivism on the relationships between transformational leadership, work-related attitudes and perceptions of withdrawal behaviours. Our results found support for the moderating effect of collectivism on the relationship between transformational leadership and work-related outcomes, such as facets of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and perceptions of organizational withdrawal behaviours. In addition, our results lend support to the view that transformational leadership might be effective across cultures. The implications of these findings for future research on transformational leadership and cross-cultural research are discussed.     

Held captive in the office: an investigation into long working hours among Korean employees

Although working long hours is a common practice, scholars still know little about what really causes employees to work long hours. Drawing on social information processing and social learning theory, this study examines the role of social contextual antecedents (i.e. supervisor working hours and the perceived overtime climate of one’s workgroup) in influencing employee working hours, after controlling for individual background and job characteristics. Further, we examine whether such relationships are contingent on employees’ individual differences in their identification with leader and a collectivist tendency. A field study of 200 supervisor-subordinate dyads in South Korea revealed a strong positive relationship between the contextual antecedents and employees’ working hours, as well as the moderating effects of the two individual difference variables. Specifically, we found that the relationship between supervisor working hours and employee working hours was more positive for low identifiers than for high identifiers, while the relationship between the perceived overtime climate and employee working hours was more positive for those low in collectivism than for those high in collectivism. Finally, we found that working long hours was associated with lower job satisfaction, higher psychological distress, lower in-role performance, but not with organizational citizenship behavior.     

Exploring creative entrepreneurs’ happiness: cognitive style,guanxi and creativity

Traditional economic theories generally assume that entrepreneurs’ satisfaction is largely affected by financial performance of their entrepreneurial business, while recent research suggests that entrepreneurs’ happiness is more important than financial success. Drawing upon the theories of entrepreneurial cognition and social networks, we develop a model to explore the factors influencing entrepreneurs’ happiness. A total of 270 creative entrepreneurs in Taiwan’s creative industries are studied. Results show that entrepreneurs’ creating cognitive style has a positive effect on both entrepreneurs’ creativity and firm creativity, but entrepreneurs’ planning cognitive style has a negative effect. Findings indicate that entrepreneurs with strong family ties and business ties have high level of individual creativity and firm creativity, which then have a positive influence on entrepreneurs’ happiness.     

双元领导的双刃剑效应:矛盾体验与中庸思维的作用

双元管理模式越来越受到商界的青睐。以往研究发现了双元领导的积极作用或消极作用,但缺乏从整合视角考量双元领导的双刃剑效应,以及双元领导何时出现利之刃,何时出现伤之刃。基于社会信息加工理论,本研究提出双元领导会给员工带来矛盾体验;这种矛盾体验既可能提升创造力,又可能导致其拖延。同时,提出中庸思维作为调节变量会强化矛盾体验与创造力的积极关系,也会削弱矛盾体验与拖延行为的消极关系。采用经验取样法,通过对8家高新技术企业68名员工连续10周的656份有效观测数据的回归分析,本研究提出的所有假设均得到支持。本研究有利于进一步认识双元领导的双刃剑效应,引领管理者调整双元领导风格和注重员工辩证思维的培养,以充分发挥员工的创造力,减少其拖延行为。     

Is Perceived Creativity‐Reward Contingency Good for Creativity? The Role of Challenge and Threat Appraisals

To address the complex effect of perceived reward for creativity on creative performance, we examined the role of cognitive appraisal as an individual difference variable. An individual's appraisal of reward for creativity, including challenge appraisal (perceived potential for recognition, growth, or mastery) and threat appraisal (perceived potential for revealing incompetence and damaging self‐respect), is hypothesized to shape the effects of perceived reward for creativity. We further expect creativity‐related intrinsic motivation to play a mediating role in the perceived reward‐creativity relationship. The results of a three‐wave field study showed that when challenge appraisal was high, perceived reward was positively related to creative performance through creativity‐related intrinsic motivation, whereas when threat appraisal was high, perceived reward was negatively related to creative performance through creativity‐related intrinsic motivation. A similar analysis showed that intrinsic task motivation was not able to channel the moderating effect of perceived reward and individual appraisal on creative performance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Harsh Evaluations of Entrepreneurs Who Fail: The Role of Sexual Orientation,Use of Environmentally Friendly Technologies,and Observers' Perspective Taking

Although there is a pervasive anti‐failure bias in society, we investigate why some entrepreneurs who fail are evaluated more harshly than others. Building on attribution theory and the literatures on prejudice, pro‐social intentions, and perspective taking, we offer an evaluation model of entrepreneurial failure and test this model on 6,784 assessments made by 212 observers. We find that variance in the harshness of failure evaluations depends on both the attributes of the entrepreneur and the attributes of the observer, and the interaction between the two. Specifically, entrepreneurs who are homosexual are evaluated more harshly by some observers and entrepreneurs who use environmentally friendly technology are evaluated less harshly. Moreover, observers high in perspective taking are more ‘lenient’ in their failure evaluations of those who use environmentally friendly technology than those low in perspective taking.     

Creativity and social alienation: the costs of being creative

Although creativity is a widely praised merit, the psychological costs that an employee may pay for being creative are less examined. The present study advances the research paradigm on the dark side of creativity by focusing on the negative psychological state (social alienation) of creative employees. By building on the studies on the homophily principle and on the cultural perspective of creativity, we investigated why creative employees are more likely to experience social alienation. Drawing on the social capital theory, we point out that social alienation of creative employees depends on their networking ability and harmony enhancement motive. A two-wave survey among 311 employees from 59 Chinese organizations supported the hypotheses. Implications of the findings are discussed for creativity and alienation literature as well as management practice.     

自我监控、互惠机会与考核目的对绩效评价结果的影响 ——一项准实验研究

绩效考核是人力资源管理的重要工作,考核结果出现偏差是绩效评价常见的问题。从评价者人格特质和考核情境因素入手,分析评价者的心理过程和行为表现,为理解考核结果偏差提供了新的视角。以学生评教准实验模拟绩效评价活动,数据分析表明:评价者自我监控水平、评价者和被评价者之间的互惠机会、评价目的对评价结果有独立的显著影响;自我监控水平和互惠机会、自我监控水平和考核目的、自我监控水平、互惠机会和考核目的对评价结果有交互影响;高自我监控水平的评价者,在有互惠机会和管理性考核时,有更多的高评行为。研究证实了评价者人格特质和考核情境因素对考核结果的主效应和交互效应,对指导绩效考核实践有一定的价值。     

Benefits and Disadvantages of Individuals’ Multiple Team Membership: The Moderating Role of Organizational Tenure

Many employees in today’s organizations are involved in more than one team at the same time. Building on the challenge-hindrance stressor framework, this study investigates potential benefits and disadvantages of such multiple team membership (MTM) for individual employees. Furthermore, we extend this framework with insights from the job demands-resources model to propose that, depending on an employee’s organizational tenure, individual MTM will differentially shape his or her perceptions of work challenge and role ambiguity, subsequently influencing the employee’s job performance and absenteeism. We tested our conceptual model using time-lagged multi-source data from a large organization of applied research (N = 1211). Our results demonstrate that, for employees with relatively low organizational tenure, MTM was negatively associated with perceived work challenge and positively associated with perceived role ambiguity, which in turn associated with lower job performance and higher absenteeism. For employees with higher organizational tenure, by contrast, MTM associated positively with their work challenge perceptions and subsequent performance outcomes, whereas MTM was unrelated to perceived role ambiguity as well as absenteeism. These findings identify relevant psychological mechanisms and a key contingency factor that explain when and why MTM may have positive or negative individual-level consequences.