Exploring the evolution of land tenure and land use change in Panama: Linking land policy with development outcomes

In this paper I discuss the linkages between land use management and land use change, as well as the impacts of land use policies at the local level. Specifically, I suggest the current land tenure regime in Panama is the outcome of a path-dependent process that includes a Spanish legacy of land tenure institutions and beliefs, a policy-making process that responds to immediate or short-term development outcomes, and the broader political economic context. First, I introduce theoretical perspectives on land policy and development. These are followed by a narrative of the evolution of land tenure in Panama, in the context of develoment processes and land policies in Latin America. In the final section, with the case of lifestyle migration to Bocas del Toro, Panama, I illustrate how the pathways between land management and land use, in the context of political economic development drivers and outcomes, have significant local outcomes.     

重庆直辖以来耕地变化与经济发展关系研究

采用理论分析与模型分析相结合的方法,对重庆市耕地变化与经济发展的关系进行研究:耕地面积和人均耕地面积呈递减趋势,减少的程度由经济发达地区向经济不发达地区逐渐降低,不同区县耕地安全程度差异较大;耕地面积随人均GDP的增加呈显著减少,耕地面积年减少量与人均GDP的变化形式上呈现"倒U"型,但两者的拟合二次方程R2值较小,说明重庆市还没有真正呈现出经济发展对耕地占用减少的拐点。     

中西部城郊资源型县域经济发展研究--以山西省长治县为例

城郊资源型县域在众多中西部县域中是一类具有比较优势的群体；根据经济地理学理论，从中西部县域经济整体特征及普遍存在的问题入手，通过分析该类县域经济系统动力机制揭示其经济运行特征，指出加快城郊资源型县域经济发展对于增强内陆中心城市辐射带动功能，促进城乡融合都具有重要作用：初步探讨了中西部城郊资源型县域经济发展原则，并以山西省长治县为例予以印证。     

土地征收过程中设置土地发展权的必要性和可行性

土地发展权是一项可与土地所有权分割而单独处分的财产权,该权利直接关系到改变土地用途、提高土地利用集约度以及增加对土地的投入而产生的发展性利益的权利归属和利益分配;考虑到我国土地征收制度存在的诸多问题,我国应在土地权利体系中创设独立的可转让的土地发展权,通过将土地发展权制度引入征地实践来保障农民的土地产权和保证国家耕地保护目标的实现,并整合整个制度环境,提升土地征收制度的绩效。     

MAPGIS在编制土地开发整理规划成果图中的应用

在分析现阶段土地开发整理规划存在问题的基础上,根据新的土地开发整理规划成果图编制的有关要求,以嵩县为例,介绍了MAPGIS在县级土地开发整理规划成果图编制中的若干应用;MAPGIS的引入,对提高工作效率、保证成果图的质量等具有实际意义,亦可供编制土地开发整理规划成果图借鉴。     

对西部开发中耕地保护的思考

通过对西部耕地资源现状分析，指出了西部开发中耕地保护的紧迫性，阐述了耕地保护在大开发中的意义。分析了耕地保护所面临的制约性因素。提出了西部耕地保护中应协调的几个关系。     

土地整理与农业可持续发展问题研究

江苏人口众多,土地资源紧缺,经济快速发展过程中土地的非农化速度很快,保护耕地增产粮食,促进农业的可持续发展问题随着人口、经济高速增长而日益受到重视。江苏省开展的土地整理进行农村土地资源的整合,保持耕地总量平衡,完善农业基础设施,有效地提高土地产出,从而促进土地的持续、高效利用,这为江苏省经济持续高速发展的同时,做好耕地、粮食发展战略决策提供科学依据。     

黑龙江省土地节约利用可持续发展策略

分析了黑龙江省土地利用现状,阐述了土地节约利用存在的问题,针对加强土地管理,运用循环经济理论指导土地高效节约利用,提出了土地节约利用可持续发展的策略。     

广西开发区建设用地问题及对策

坚持以人为本,全面、协调、可持续发展观和系统思想为指导,采用系统工程方法,调查研究和理论分析、专家论证和群众参与相结合,着重从广西各类开发区土地利用现状出发,分析各类开发区在开发与建设过程中存在的土地利用问题,并对存在的土地利用问题提出相应的对策。     

从可持续发展系统观视角看我国农业补贴政策改革

农业可持续发展是一个由经济、社会与生态3个可持续发展子系统相互耦合而成的复合系统,政府适当的调控手段,有利于这一系统的动态平衡,但不适当的政府调控会破坏原有的平衡,从而使农业发展变得不可持续。因此,应建立农业补贴政策的法律体系、预算体制和管理机制,增加绿箱补贴总量,改革绿箱补贴结构,充分利用黄箱政策空间,调整黄箱政策支出方向,实现农业可持续发展的目标。     

An innovative means of urban land development: A case study of Trichur in India

Summary

For more than seven decades, several Indian states have used the plot reconstitution technique in managing urban land development. Recently, Kerala, a small southern state, has experimented with this technique for the first time in a scheme in Trichur. The Trichur experience is unique in that it incorporates significant innovations over a somewhat similar method of land readjustment which is widely practiced in the Asian‐Pacific region. Formulated for complete cost‐recovery, the Trichur project incorporates the active cooperation of the landowners and officials, and is a time‐bound programme to complete all land development and building construction works within six years of the finalization of the scheme proposals.

This paper attempts to explore the use of this innovative means of land development in Trichur with a view to assessing the potentiality and constraints in its use, and identifying critical areas where further refinements would be desirable. Based on fieldwork in the state and intensive interviews, the paper finds the Trichur experience to be of great importance as a viable strategy of urban land development and management. The paper concludes with some recommendations on legal and institutional aspects, and stresses the need for refinements in the scheme preparation and information dissemination for transferability and wider application of the technique.     

The economics of land fragmentation in the north of Vietnam*

Land fragmentation, where a single farm has a number of parcels of land, is a common feature of agriculture in many countries, especially in developing countries. In Vietnam, land fragmentation is common, especially in the north. For the whole country, there are about 75 million parcels of land, an average of seven to eight plots per farm household. Such fragmentation can be seen to have negative and positive benefits for farm households and the community generally. Comparative statics analysis and analysis of survey data have led to the conclusion that small‐sized farms are likely to be more fragmented, and that fragmentation had a negative impact on crop productivity and increased family labour use and other money expenses. Policies which allow the appropriate opportunity cost of labour to be reflected at the farm level may provide appropriate incentives to trigger farm size change and land consolidation. Policies which tip the benefits in favour of fewer and larger plots, such as strong and effective research and development, an active extension system and strong administrative management, may also lead to land consolidation.     

Agricultural land in the Eastern Caribbean: From resources for survival to resources for development

The main effects of existing socioeconomic arrangements for agricultural land development in the Eastern Caribbean are discussed and changes aimed at improving both the efficiency and equity of the land development process are identified. The author argues that the existing ‘plantations-small holders’ structure is incapable of providing an efficient way of developing the available land resources and of improving the standard of living for the vast rural population. A new set of export oriented agricultural enterprises is pinpointed as a requirement in any viable solution aimed at taking land away from its present role as a resource for survival for the many and an economic benefit for the few and to reinstate agricultural lands as one of the key resources for more egalitarian, environmentally sound and efficient socioeconomic development.     

芜湖市耕地整理潜力研究与发展对策

通过对芜湖市建立耕地整理潜力评价指标体系,为芜湖市土地整理规划提供理论依据,并在此基础上提出发展对策。     

农业可持续发展与土地资源优化配置

农村土地贵源的优化配置是农业可持续发展的核心。从配置原则的选择、配置主体的转换与配置机制的再造3个层面，结合我国农村改革与发展实际，分析了市场经济条件下的农村土地资源配置，这也是解决“三农”问题的重要目标选择。     

我国陆海经济发展现状、问题及对策分析

文章通过数据调查与分析对我国陆海经济发展的现状及存在的问题作详细阐述。从我国整体与沿海11省市两个角度分析宏观经济总量与经济结构的变化与发展趋势;从经济总量、经济结构、主要海洋产业的发展三个角度对我国海洋经济的发展展开叙述,幵做出2001-2013年各产业产值变化图;从制度、科技、不平衡性等多个角度提出我国陆海经济发展存在的问题。最后就我国陆海经济协同发展问题给出相应的对策与建议。     

黑龙江省耕地资源可持续发展战略初探

针对黑龙江省耕地利用水平较低的现实，认为实现耕地资源可持续利用是实现该省可持续发展的重要条件；就制约耕地资源可持续发展的几大制约因素，提出了切实保护现有耕地、提高土地利用率、集约开发耕地、提高耕地质量、整治水土流失、开垦宜农荒地、发展生态农业及增加科技投入等措施。