操作目标利率的选择与传导 ——基于MLF利率与隔夜利率的实证检验

依据2014-2018年月度数据,运用VAR模型考量MLF利率与隔夜利率对贷款加权利率、商业银行行为以及金融市场利率与金融市场波动的影响.结果表明:MLF利率对贷款加权利率和商业银行行为的影响较大,隔夜利率对金融市场利率和金融市场波动的影响较大.鉴此,应利用MLF利率调节贷款加权利率与商业银行行为,利用隔夜利率调节金融市场利率与金融市场波动,当两种利率的调节效果收敛接近时,再最终确定唯一的操作目标利率.     

Deviations from daily uncovered interest rate parity and the role of intervention

This paper considers the relationship between daily deviations from uncovered interest rate parity and US and German central bank intervention. The study uses daily overnight Eurocurrency deposit rates with a maturity time of 1 day, which exactly matches the sampling interval of the data. The intervention data are the official net daily purchases and sales of dollars vis-à-vis the German mark by the Federal Reserve System and the Bundesbank. The model uses FIGARCH innovations to represent the degree of long-term dependence in the volatility process. Some support is found for the intervention variables affecting the risk premium as predicted by theory. The impact of intervention in the 2 years immediately following the meltdown of the equity markets in October 1987 and Louvre Accord is particularly strong.     

Uncovered Interest Parity,Forward Guidance and the Exchange Rate

Under uncovered interest parity (UIP), the size of the effect on the real exchange rate of an anticipated change in real interest rate differentials is invariant to the horizon at which the change is expected. Empirical evidence using U.S., euro area and UK data points to a substantial deviation from that invariance prediction: expectations of interest rate differentials in the near (distant) future are shown to have much larger (smaller) effects on the real exchange rate than is implied by UIP. Some possible explanations are discussed.     

在岸与离岸人民币即期汇差的时变影响研究——基于修正的抛补利率平价模型的实证检验

基于修正的抛补利率平价模型,构建TVP-SV-VAR模型分析北向资金流动、人民币远期汇差、中美利差和中港利差对在岸与离岸人民币即期汇差的时变影响。结果表明：北向资金、人民币远期汇差以及中美、中港利差均对人民币即期汇差的短期影响最明显,中长期影响程度减弱;北向资金净流入增加、中美利差走阔和中港利差收窄会扩大人民币即期汇差;人民币远期汇差对人民币即期汇差的正向和负向影响交替发生。鉴于此,中国央行应当持续关注北向资金流向和流量、加强外汇市场沟通以及统筹和推动在岸和离岸人民币市场的良性协调发展。     

如何破解人民币国际化中的特里芬难题--让利率和汇率回归常态

任何一国主权信用货币在国际化过程中都会面临特里芬难题,而人民币国际化中的特里芬难题有其特殊性,如何破解这一难题值得我们深入考虑。文章从分析中国投资驱动、出口导向的增长模式入手,提出中国应尽快打破经济僵局和转变增长方式,让利率和汇率回归常态。更进一步地,文章认为中国应继续完善人民币的国际货币发行机制,同时较为稳步的推进资本项目可兑换。     

Real Interest Rate Parity: Long-Run and Short-Run Analysis Using Wavelets

In this article, long-run and short-run relationships among real interest rates in G-7 countries are empirically analyzed. The evidence suggests the existence of long-run relationships among these real interest rates. However, the long-run relationship is not an equality relationship. Short-run relationships are estimated using dynamic simultaneous equation models. They reveal that the real interest rates of non-U.S. G-7 countries react and adjust to long-run disequilibrium conditions. A more detailed analysis based on wavelet transform indicates the existence of both short-run and long-run relationships; however, strict interest rate parity does not seem to hold true.JEL Classification: C22, E43, G15     

利率和汇率变动对保险业影响的比较分析

利率和汇率两种重要政策工具通过影响国民经济增长速度对保险需求产生影响,并通过作用于保单预定利率及投资收益率直接影响着保险企业经营状况及资本充足率。其中,利率的不利变动对保险企业的影响更大,甚至可能危机企业的生存,中国寿险业严重的利差损负担即源于保单预定利率的降低;因地域及目的的不同,汇率对保险企业的影响比较复杂,企业可主动采取的风险防范措施较多。保险企业应加强人才引进和培养,强化对利率、汇率变动趋势的研究,防患于未然;并积极开拓投资渠道,创新风险管理方法,做好资产负债匹配。     

利率上浮及其与贷款基准利率的关系探究

对31个省市2005-2015年的1~3年期贷款利率上浮幅度进行测算,并通过统计分析与面板模型对其与贷款基准利率的关系进行探索性研究,结果显示:贷款利率上浮幅度与贷款基准利率负相关,贷款利率上浮幅度自2010年开始快速上升;不同地区的上浮幅度差异大,存在明显的区域异质性,中国人民银行通过基准利率调整进行宏观调控时,主要对北京市、上海市的贷款利率形成传递效应,对其它地区的影响相对较小;且随着时间的推移,基准利率政策的有效性越来越低.因此,为发挥基准利率政策的有效性,应在适度区间进行基准利率调节,加强中国人民银行对地方性商业银行的宏观审慎管理能力,同时与数量型货币政策相配合.     

The Role of Interest Rates in Influencing Long-Run Homeownership Rates

As a stated policy objective, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) seeks to boost the national homeownership rate to 70 percent by 2006. To accomplish this goal, they estimate that 3.8 million additional families be added to the ranks of U.S. homeowners. Furthermore, HUD estimates that the homeownership gap between minority and nonminority families must be reduced by a full 15 percent. Many policy instruments—both targeted and otherwise—have been suggested to increase homeownership. These range from low downpayment loans, greater access to credit in underserved areas, and interest rates subsidies. However, little is know about the efficacy of these measures to raise long-term homeownership rates. In this analysis, we focus on the role of interest rates on homeownership rates and the housing stock. In particular, we provide a critical review of the literature on the relationship between housing and interest rates in contrast to other determinants of homeownership and changes in housing supply. We then present our own estimates of the influence of interest rates on homeownership and housing starts. We find that interest rates play little direct role in changing homeownership rates. While changes in interest rates may affect the timing of changes in tenure status from renter to owner, the long-run ownership rate appears independent of interest rates. We find housing starts are, however, sensitive to changes in the interest rate. This implies that housing supply, or at least the timing of changes in housing supply, is sensitive to interest rates. It is though this mechanism that the stock of owner-occupied housing expands, though household formation and immigration may leave the ownership rate unchanged. We conclude by discussing whether other instruments, such as low down payment loans and improved technology for assessment of credit risk, may potentially be better suited to increasing long-term homeownership rates.     

高利率能否捍卫汇率稳定：基于马尔科夫变换的世代交叠模型的分析

按照传统观点,在本国货币遭受投机攻击时,中央银行的典型做法是提高短期利率来捍卫货币和汇率制度。但批评者认为,提高利率会增加经济发展的成本,容易引发信用恐慌和产出减少。通过建立一个基于马尔科夫变换的世代交叠模型可以发现,利率被提的越高,汇率波动率也会随之相应增加。当高利率的货币政策使经济增长放缓甚至衰退,维持汇率稳定的可信度下降时,投机者就会发动对本币的投机攻击。最后在外汇储备耗尽的情况下,中央银行权衡得失后不得不实行浮动汇率制。     

汇率与股价的溢出效应及长期联动性——基于汇改后中国市场的实证研究

随着中国资本市场改革的深化,市场间的互动关系逐步回归市场化关联。本文运用协整检验、Granger因果检验、多元GARCH模型研究了汇率与股价的互动关系。研究结果表明:在长期联动性方面,汇率与股价存在稳定的长期均衡关系;在价格溢出方面,只存在汇率到股价的单向引导关系;波动溢出方面,汇市的波动冲击会影响股市,而股市的波动对汇市无明显影响。进一步的研究中,本文估算了汇率波动对股市开盘价及收盘价的影响大小。     

开放条件下利率、汇率联动与金融风险防范研究——以我国上市商业银行为例

随着我国金融开放程度的加深,人民币汇率与利率的联动关系将进一步加强,这种联动关系既是开放经济条件下的自我平衡机制,也可能成为金融风险传递和积累的通道.本文通过suR方法,分析利率、汇率变动对上市银行的影响,进而探讨利率、汇率联动与金融风险的关系.     

基于短期利率动态模型的反向抵押贷款赎回权定价

住房反向抵押贷款作为一种新型的养老模式,为一些有房无钱的老年人解决了养老难题。本文就有赎回权的住房反向抵押贷款的赎回权的定价进行讨论,将赎回权看作是一种欧式看涨期权。同时,选择TGARCH模型拟合短期利率的动态变化,并利用短期利率动态模型改进B-S期权定价理论中关于无风险利率的限定,进而结合蒙特卡洛模拟的方法对期权进行数值计算,得到赎回权的价格。     

金融开放背景下利率、汇率的产出效应与价格效应研究——基于SVAR模型的实证分析

随着我国利率市场化改革和汇率体制改革的深入,金融市场的开放程度也越来越高。在金融市场开放的背景下,利率、汇率水平的变化对经济产出和价格有着复杂的影响。通过运用SVAR模型对我国2006年1月至2011年4月的数据进行实证分析,结果表明,单纯依靠提升利率不仅无法降低通货膨胀水平,反而会导致通货膨胀率更快地增长;人民币升值虽然有助于降低通胀,但会使我国的经济在很长时间内处于衰退状态。     

Convergence of Real Capital Market Interest Rates—Evidence from Inflation Indexed Bonds

This paper investigates the convergence of long‐term ex ante real interest rates (RIRs) obtained from Canadian, French, UK, and U.S. inflation indexed government bonds. In contrast to previous research, our evidence suggests full convergence in the long run and, hence, capital market integration. For the same sample period, global convergence is rejected for RIRs measured in conventional terms. From these results, we conclude that previous tests of the long‐run real interest rate parity might have suffered from weak measurement of real capital market interest rates.     

中国利率市场化改革前景分析:理论依据与经验借鉴

利率市场化是建设社会主义市场经济体制、发挥市场配置资源作用的重要内容,是加强我国金融间接调控的关键,是完善金融机构自主经营机制、提高竞争力的必要条件。因此,稳步推进利率市场化已成为我国下一步深化金融改革的重要任务之一。通过积极寻求有关利率市场化的理论依据并科学借鉴已实施利率市场化国家和地区的经验,对于提出我国利率市场化的具体实施思路以及客观分析当前所需外部条件具有十分重要的意义。在当前利率市场化的思路和方案已经基本明晰的前提下,当务之急是积极创造条件以推进利率市场化改革的进程,防范和化解利率市场化进程中蕴藏的各种风险。     

Interest Rate Asymmetries in Long-Term Loan and Deposit Markets

Studies of U.S. loan and deposit markets have found that consumer interest rates respond asymmetrically to changes in market rates. If this finding is repeated across many different consumer finance product markets, then it could have important implications for the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. This paper tests for significant interest rate asymmetries in consumer finance markets that differ markedly from those examined in the existing literature. The main result of this paper is to reject the hypothesis of significant asymmetries in most (but not all) of the longer-term loan and deposit markets examined in Canada and the United States. This indicates that the explanations for asymmetries given in the literature are not generalizable across different product markets in different countries.     

Integration of International Long-Term Interest Rates: A Fractional Cointegration Analysis

In this study, we re-examine the relationship among interest rates on the long-term government bonds of five industrialized countries. Using both the variance ratio test and fractional cointegration analysis, we find significant evidence that indicates the five government bond rates are fractionally cointegrated. In specific, our results show that the error correction term of the system of the five interest rates follows a mean-reverting, fractionally integrated process.     

The Structural Relation Between Mortgage and Market Interest Rates

This paper analyzes the dynamic relationship between primary and secondary mortgage markets and the short-term and long-term market interest rates. Using a series of monthly data on fixed rate mortgage rates and GNMA rates, we explore the dependence and speed of adjustment in these primary and secondary mortgage rates to each other as well as to the long and short-term government rates. The results indicate that residential mortgage rates in general, appear to follow the long-term rate and are not very sensitive to movements in the short-term interest rate.     

利率、汇率调整对房地产价格的影响——基于理论与经验的研究

本文首先构建了适合我国国情的房地产价格与利率、汇率关系模型，然后利用该模型对我国12个城市房地产价格与利率、汇率的关系进行实证研究。研究结果显示，利率与房地产价格呈负向关系；汇率与房地产价格之间具有相同的变化趋势，与理论分析有较大差异，表明我国金融制度仍存在缺陷，逐步完善金融市场才能更好地发挥利率和汇率调节经济的功能。因此，我们认为房地产价格保持相对稳定是房地产业安全运行的关键，在完善的金融制度下正确的利率和汇率政策能在此方面发挥重要作用。