江南地区稻作农业工具文化遗产的类型、价值及其保护利用——兼述南宋楼璹《耕织图》摹本中的稻作农具

江南地区的水田耕作技术系统独具特色,具有重要的历史价值、文化价值、教育价值,但目前此类文化遗产的整理与保护面临诸多问题和困难。研究在系统调查整理此类文化遗产类型和特点的基础上,对其文化遗产的价值进行挖掘,分析其面临的保护利用问题,提出开展"静态"和"活态"双重保护对策,促进其在当代社会中发挥其应有文化资源作用。     

我国茶文化遗址遗迹初考

正我国是茶的起源地,也是世界茶文化的发源地,茶文化遗产是农业文化遗产的重要组成部分。茶叶本身在农业和文化两个层面都具备突出的地位和价值,同时具备农业文化遗产的各项特征价值。无论从农业层面还是文化层面而言,茶叶在世界范围都具有重要价值。茶文化遗产兼具自然遗产、文化遗产及文化景观综合价值,是重要的、较为特殊的农业文化遗产类型。茶文化遗址遗迹蕴含着丰富的经济、社会、生态和科学研究等价值,对茶文化遗址遗迹主要分布区域进行保护与开发利用是一项重要的工作任务。     

大遗址区土地利用管理分析

大遗址区,是指文化遗产中在一定地域集中分布,类型结构复杂多样,遗迹、遗物丰富,历史、文物、科技等价值突出,历史信息蕴含量大,占地面积在1平方千米以上,具有典型的区域特征与综合特性的大型古代文化遗址或遗址群及其背景、环     

陕西省旅游镇分类与特色优势研究

文章在分析旅游镇的概念与梳理国内外旅游镇研究进展的基础上,结合陕西省旅游镇发展现状的普查结果,将陕西省旅游镇划分山水自然景观类、历史遗址与特色聚落类(含建筑)、特色农业类、社会风情类、红色旅游类及现代康体类等6个主类,并对陕西省旅游镇的功能分区与特色优势进行研究,结果显示陕西省不仅旅游镇资源丰富、类型多样,而且资源在功能分区与组合上形成了明显的地域分异(陕北红色旅游镇特色发展区、关中平原休闲农业与社会风情旅游镇特色发展区、关中平原历史遗址与特色聚落旅游镇特色发展区、秦岭自然生态旅游镇特色区、陕南秦巴汉水风情旅游镇特色区、陕南历史遗址与特色聚落旅游镇特色发展区、陕南休闲农业旅游镇特色发展区)。研究结果有利于预测旅游镇发展方向,并对陕西省旅游镇开发、规划及保护提供决策依据,促进旅游镇持续健康发展。     

皖江地区水利文化遗产及其开发

水利文化遗产是皖江地区农业文化遗产的重要成分。为了充分认识和发掘皖江地区水利文化遗产资源,探索其开发和保护方法,对皖江地区圩田景观、水利遗址、水利技术、水利民俗展开了调研。并在此基础上,提出了皖江地区水利文化遗产开发的相关建议:与文化资源保护相结合,与生态旅游发展相结合,与弘扬地方文化相结合。     

新疆坎儿井农业遗产资源保护与旅游开发利用

[目的]分析新疆坎儿井农业文化遗产资源的旅游效用,以期更好地指导当地旅游资源的开发利用工作,达到促进区域休闲农业可持续发展的目的。[方法]文章以新疆坎儿井农业文化遗产资源为例,分析其资源特征、资源保护及开发现状;采用AHP分析法分析坎儿井农业遗产资源旅游效用,基于上述分析并结合农业文化遗产旅游发展的需求,提出优化其农业遗产资源保护及开发的规划、模式及策略。[结果]坎儿井农业文化遗产资源中主体旅游资源坎儿井工程(B_1)、辅助旅游资源农业文化资源(B_2)、客源与市场特征(B_3)和外部因素特征(B_4)的权重分别是0.43、0.22、0.10和0.06。[结论]在比较其生态价值、环保价值、旅游价值的基础上,发现在稳固生态价值与环保价值的同时,挖掘新疆坎儿井的旅游价值是实现农业文化遗产有效保护的最佳途径;主体旅游资源坎儿井工程和辅助旅游资源农业文化资源为坎儿井农业遗产资源旅游带来良好的经济收益,而客源与市场特征和外部因素特征权重最低,说明这两个因素是导致旅游效益权重低的主要原因;农业遗产资源旅游的保护和开发两者互惠共赢,但必须建立在重视农业遗产资源的保护及其宣传保护的基础上。     

大运河文化遗产研究:现状、不足与展望

大运河是中国历史上南北商业、经济交通与文化交流的大动脉,2014年大运河成功入选世界文化遗产名录,成为全人类的精神财富。目前,大运河文化遗产研究已逐步展开,在保护什么与如何保护方面取得一定成果。而研究不足也较为明显,如尚未清晰认知大运河文化带遗产类型、尚未聚焦大运河文化带的双重特性以及只是粗浅罗列、尚未精准梳理大运河文化带的价值维度。在研究展望中,提出把握大运河文化遗产研究的三组张力即传承与重构、下沉与上升以及举国动员与深耕民意之间的关系,为大运河文化遗产开枝散叶、走向全民共享的公共文化空间建言献策。     

激活文化遗产价值 赋能山区农业高质量发展

<正>浙江省龙泉市“九山半水半分田”,拥有“中华灵芝第一乡”“中国黑木耳之乡”等17张国家级金名片和龙泉灵芝种植系统、黑木耳栽培系统等5个省级农业文化遗产资源。2024年中央一号文件提出“要强化农业文化遗产挖掘整理和保护利用”。龙泉市依托丰富多样的农业文化遗产优势,创新“农遗+”新实践,在保护好核心要素的基础上,深挖多种功能、释放多元价值,有效推进全市农业高质量发展,助力乡村振兴,扎实推进共同富裕。2023年,     

陕西文物遗址保护与规划对区域经济的影响

一、陕西大遗址资源保护状况 陕西大遗址具有分布广、数量多、面积大和等级高等特点，遗址数量在陕西文物资源中占有非常大的比重，全国重点文物保护单位有30处，省级文物保护单位的有186处，特别是周原、秦雍城和秦阿房宫等九大遗址的面积都在十几平方公里至七八十平方公里。我国古代文化发展鼎盛时期的周、秦、汉、唐的都城遗址都分布在陕西，其建筑遗址、遗迹和出土文物，均是当时中华文明辉煌成就的典型代表，具有很高的历史、文化和科学价值。     

闽台农业文化资源保护与产业开发问题评述

闽台文化资源保护与产业开发,着重强调农业生产技能亟待加强传习与保护,而对生活习俗文化资源产业化开发应注重整体一致性。古村落保护要介入资源产权制度以充盈保护措施,而对弱经济价值文化遗产项目的保护,则重在宣传其深层教化作用。同时应充分拓展思路,加速利用新媒体方式留存并将民俗文化元素创意输出。当然,必须在开发和保护过程中加强法律意识,强化法律及制度化权益保障,适当增加"学术监督"。在"文化产权资本化"过程中,既注重文化遗产资源产权的知识产权属性,又要借助"司法救济机制"和"民间解决机制"等方式,辅助解决其间的侵权与纠纷,用以尊重文化资源的公权属性特质。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.