论企业年金基金的激励约束机制

企业年金基金运营过程中存在多重委托代理关系,这种客观现实决定了在企业年金运营过程中必然会存在委托代理冲突和委托代理成本。委托代理成本存在的根本原因在于委托代理双方的信息不对称、目标差异和委托代理合同的不完备性等几个方面。为提高企业年金基金运营绩效,需要通过完善委托代理合同、加强外部监督、建立企业年金基金第三方公开评级体系等几个方面来弱化委托代理双方的信息不对称,有效地激励约束投资管理人,降低委托代理成本。     

社会保障基金投资营运的市场化与安全

社会保障基金投资营运过程由三级委托代理关系和两种辅助性的委托代理关系构成,这种委托代理结构精巧地将社会保障基金投资运营过程的参与主体有机地组织起来,在考虑社会保障基金安全的前提下,逐步增强社会保障基金投资营运的市场化程度.投保人、管理人、经理人、实业公司所构成的三级委托代理关系导致社会保障基金的投资运营依次从非市场化、半市场化,达到完全市场化.投资人I 1、I2分别与经理人、实业公司之间的委托代理有力地强化了社会保障基金投资营运的市场化,管理人、经理人分别与托管人之间的委托代理增强了社会保障基金投资营运的安全性,尤其是社会保障基金本金的安全.     

私募基金的管理规模与最优激励契约

私募基金是一种新兴的资产管理模式,其本质上也是一种委托代理契约。本文利用Tirole(2006)的公司融资分析框架和思想,研究了私募基金管理者与基金外部投资人的委托代理关系,求解出私募基金的最优管理规模和分成比例,并用数值计算方法对理论结果进行了讨论。理论模型和数值计算表明:私募基金的最优管理规模和分成比例是存在的;只有在某些特定的参数组合下,现实中广泛使用的"2—20"合同才具有某种合理性,且并非最优;业绩表现费有助于降低私募基金管理者的道德风险。     

完善企业年金投资管理的激励相容机制

建立符合制度框架的科学的激励相客机制,是企业年金的投资管理实现委托人利益的重要前提.文章通过分析现行企业年金委托代理关系的制度风险,提出完善企业年金理事会和投资管理人激励机制的建议,促使年金投资管理更好地符合职工的利益.     

产业投资基金;中小企业融资的新思路

产业投资基金是一种主要对未上市企业直接提供资本支持、并从事资本经营和监督的集合投资制度，即通过发行基金份额组建产业基金公司，由基金公司委托商业银行作为托管人保管基金资产，委托专门的产业基金管理公司作为管理人管理和运用基金资产，投资收益按投资者的出资份...     

房地产投资基金与风险投资基金的对比分析

产业投资基金,在我国系指直接投资于产业、主要对未上市企业进行股权投资和提供经营管理服务的利益共享、风险共担的集合投资制度。它通过向不确定多数投资者发行基金份额设立基金公司,由基金公司自任基金管理人或另行委托基金管理人管理基金资产,由基金托管人来托管基金资产,按资产组合原理从事创业投资、企业重组投资和基础设施投资等实业投资,是一个与证券投资基金相对等的概念。从投资对象角度看,专门投资于房地产行业的产业投资基金就称为产业投资基金,简称房地产投资基金;而投向新兴的迅速成长的有巨大竞争潜力的未上市公司(主要是高科技公司)则称为风险型产业投资基金,简称风险投资基金。     

会计师事务所委托代理的博弈分析

一、委托代理的博弈模型 (一)委托代理关系描述 委托代理是指代理人根据被代理人的委托而进行的代理，通常又称为“授权代理”或“意定代理”。委托代理关系一般可定义为委托人授权代理人为实现委托人的利益而从事某项活动的一种契约关系，委托人授权代理人为他们的利益从事某项活动，并相应授予某项决策权，代理人通过代理行为获取一定的报酬。委托代理关系有广义和狭义之分，狭义的委托代理关系仅指资产所有者作为委托人、     

经营者报酬与激励——浅谈我国国有企业的委托-代理问题

委托-代理问题是困扰我国国有企业发展的一个重要问题。本文借鉴西方企业管理理论与实践,对我国国有企业委托代理问题进行了分析,并提出要通过改进和完善经营者报酬制度来减少委托-代理问题的发生。     

政府投资项目代建制监管机制研究

代建制中,工程业主和代建方通过签订委托代建合同建立委托代理关系,双方在工程建设、合同履约等方面的信息量并不对称,从而引发代建方的道德风险及其逆向选择行为等委托代理问题,降低了代建制的制度功效。由于代建制的核心是利用激励约束机制进行委托代理制度的设计和创新,关于政府投资项目代建制的委托代理模型,及其运作机制和监管机制的研究,来规范代建人的行为,使代理问题带来的损失降到最低,从总体上高效率地实现政府投资效益目标,使代建制这项新的制度能够得到更多人的支持,更好地满足实践的需要。     

科技型企业家专用性人力资本投资行为研究

专用性人力资本对科技型企业持续发展和提高竞争优势是十分重要的。本文在委托代理理论的框架内建构了一个两时期的股票期权模型,在此框架下,推导出了诱导代理人科技型企业家对专用性人力资本投资的基于产出的报酬契约的公式,从中发现了激励科技型企业家的专用性人力资本投资行为的股票期权最优水平及其影响因素。     

Incentive contracts in delegated portfolio management under VaR constraint

This paper studies the incentive effect of linear performance-adjusted contracts in delegated portfolio management under a value-at-risk (VaR) constraint. It is shown that a linear performance-based contract can provide incentives for the portfolio manager to work at acquiring private information under a VaR risk constraint. The expected utility and optimal effort of a risk-averse manager are increasing functions of the return sharing ratio in the contract. However, a risk constraint causes the portfolio manager to reduce effort in gathering private information, suggesting that the VaR constraint increases the moral hazard between the investor and the manager.     

Asymmetric contracts,cash flows and risk taking of mutual funds

Fund managers in delegated portfolio management face asymmetries in their compensation contracts and in the fund flows contingent on their funds' performance relative to a benchmark. In this study we investigate the impacts of contract asymmetry and fund flow asymmetry on the risk-taking behavior of open-end funds whose delegation contracts are performance based, and show that their impacts are opposite. When the two asymmetries apply simultaneously, the impact of one on the fund's risk-taking alleviates the impact of the other. Raising the return-sharing ratio cannot make the manager take more risk, but increasing the cash flow volume can. We also show that the tracking-error variance can measure the degree of risk that the fund takes.     

Optimal risk-sharing with effort and project choice

We consider first-best risk-sharing problems in which “the agent” can control both the drift (effort choice) and the volatility of the underlying process (project selection). In a model of delegated portfolio management, it is optimal to compensate the manager with an option-type payoff, where the functional form of the option is obtained as a solution to an ordinary differential equation. In the general case, the optimal contract is a fixed point of a functional that connects the agent's and the principal's maximization problems. We apply martingale/duality methods familiar from optimal consumption-investment problems.     

Managerial Compensation and the Cost of Moral Hazard

This article investigates managerial compensation and its incentive effects. Our econometric framework is derived from a multiperiod principal-agent model with moral hazard. Longitudinal data on returns to firms and managerial compensation are used to estimate the model. We find that firms would incur large losses from ignoring moral hazard, whereas managers only require moderate additional compensation for accepting a contract that ties their wealth to the value of the firm. Thus the costs of aligning hidden managerial actions to shareholder goals through the compensation schedule are much less than the benefits from the resulting managerial performance.     

Default and Renegotiation in Financial Distress in the Multiple Bank Model: An Analysis of the Main Bank System

This paper explores whether the "main bank system" in Japan can be explained by a self-enforcing mechanism that motivates delegated monitorin g creditors to be committed not to execute inefficient liquidation even though all agents are risk-neutral. Using a multiple bank model, we specify a standard debt contract equilibrium in which the delegated monitoring creditor does not care about her reputation, and a main bank contract equilibrium in which the delegated monitoring creditor will attempt to honour the loan contract so as not to destroy her reputation. The results show that, under certain conditions, any equilibrium standard debt contract is dominated by an equilibrium main bank contract in which the debtor and the delegated monitoring creditor are strictly better off. Furthermore, the equilibrium main bank contract reflects the prominent features observed in actual bank loan contracts in Japan.
JEL Classification Numbers: D82, G21, G33, G34     

Portfolio delegation under short-selling constraints

Summary. In this paper we study delegated portfolio management when the manager’s ability to short-sell is restricted. Contrary to previous results, we show that under moral hazard, linear performance-adjusted contracts do provide portfolio managers with incentives to gather information. We find that the risk-averse manager’s effort is an increasing function of her share in the portfolio’s return. This result affects the risk-averse investor’s choice of contracts. Unlike previous results, the purely risk-sharing contract is now shown to be suboptimal. Using numerical methods we show that under the optimal linear contract, the manager’s share in the portfolio return is higher than what it is under a purely risk sharing contract. Additionally, this deviation is shown to be: (i) increasing in the manager’s risk aversion and (ii) larger for tighter short-selling restrictions. As the constraint is relaxed the deviation converges to zero.Received: 25 July 2002, Revised: 12 December 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D81, D82, J33.Juan-Pedro Gómez: Correspondence toAn earlier version of the paper was circulated under the title “Providing Managerial Incentives: Do Benchmarks Matter?” We are grateful to an anonymous referee whose comments helped to improve the paper. We also thank comments by Viral Acharya, Alexei Goriaev, Ernst Maug, Kristian Rydqvist, Neil Stoughton, Rangarajan Sundaram, Fernando Zapatero and seminar participants at the 1999 SED meetings in Sardinia, the 1999 Workshop in Mutual Fund Performance at EIASM, Brussels, the 2000 EFA meetings in London, the Bank of Norway, the Stockholm Schools of Economics, the Norwegian School of Management and the 2001 WFA meetings in Tucson. Sharma gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Asociacion Mexicana de Cultura.     

景区经营权转让下旅游资源开发激励约束契约设计

转让景区经营权是目前我国旅游资源开发的主要模式之一。运用委托代理理论,对企业在旅游资源开发中的道德风险问题进行分析,将保护性开发下所获得的旅游收入与地方政府支付给企业的资源补偿相联系,建立景区经营权转让下的旅游资源开发激励契约模型,并提出完善旅游资源开发激励机制的建议。     

Herding in delegated portfolio management: When is comparative performance information desirable?

We address the issue of investors’ asset allocation decisions when portfolio management is delegated to an agent. Contrary to predictions from traditional financial theory, it is shown that investors may not induce their manager to allocate funds to the asset with the highest return. Instead they may herd in their asset allocation decision and induce trade in a particular asset, because another manager is trading in it and despite the presence of a more profitable alternative. Doing so allows investors to write an efficiency-improving relative-performance contract. On the other hand, herding leads investors to design wage contracts strategically, resulting in more aggressive and thus less profitable trade in equilibrium. We show that herding occurs, when the cost of information is high, information precision is low and when managers are sufficiently risk averse. Moreover, when investors can decide whether or not to disclose information about their manager's performance, they will not do so.     

委托代理视角下军民融合体制机制研究

基于委托代理视角,将军民融合看成一种由军地各主体共同参与的团队活动。由一条自下而上的授权链和一条自上而下的授权链构成的委托代理关系是军民融合工作制度的鲜明特点,但这种委托代理关系存在链条长、层级多、代理成本高,以及委托代理关系不甚明确且指向模糊、委托代理双方信息不对称情况严重等问题。构建有效的军民融合机制,旨在解决军民融合委托代理问题,需要贯彻以理顺管理体制为前提、以减少委托代理层级为路径、以明确决策责任划分为关键、以完善激励约束机制为根本的思路,尽量减少委托人与代理人之间信息不对称和目标不一致程度,最终促进军民融合深度发展。     

薪酬激励对于企业创新的影响——锦标赛理论还是委托代理理论？

薪酬激励对企业创新影响的理论当前主要有基于薪酬差距的锦标赛理论和基于管理层薪酬的委托代理理论。本文利用我国非金融类A股上市公司数据,将薪酬差距和管理层薪酬结合起来研究发现,企业内部薪酬差距主要来自于管理层外部薪酬溢价,薪酬激励对创新产出的促进作用主要通过创新投入产生。无论从薪酬差距视角还是管理层薪酬视角,薪酬激励和企业创新之间的关系更加适合用委托代理理论而不是锦标赛理论解释。内部薪酬差距的扩大是否有利于企业创新尚需更加合理的数据和研究设计予以证实。