Does lumpiness matter in an open economy?: Studying international economics with regional data

This paper addresses the empirical question whether the regional distribution of production factors within countries is ever so uneven that it triggers specialization of production that makes regions produce different sets of goods at different factor prices. Due to the different welfare effects of trade policy in a country with regional specialization, this is an important question. In addition, it is a question about the legitimacy of treating a country as a relatively homogenous unit. In answering these questions, I implement the concept of “lumpiness” as introduced by Courant and Deardorff [J. Polit. Econ. 100 (1992) 198]. I find that lumpiness or an uneven regional distribution of production factors that induces intranational specialization and different regional factor prices is not an issue for Japan, the United Kingdom and maybe not even for India.     

Technology, endowments, and the factor content of bilateral trade

We derive testable restrictions relating the factor content of bilateral trade to bilateral differences in technology and endowments. This departs from the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek theorem which compares the factor content of net trade with factor abundance. We test the theoretical restrictions using a unique dataset that covers 41 developed and developing countries with disparate endowments and technology. We find evidence supporting the predictions. In addition: (1) The factor content predictions perform best for country pairs with larger endowment differences, and (2) for trade between capital-abundant countries, Ricardian international technology differences matter more than Heckscher-Ohlin factor endowment differences.     

Fair wages, unemployment and technological change in a global economy

This paper analyzes the effects of global and national technological change on employment and relative wages in an integrated two-country world (“Europe” and “America”), where both countries are characterized by equilibrium unemployment due to fair wage constraints. The asymmetry between the countries arises from country-specific preferences towards wage inequality, with Europe's preferences being more egalitarian. Furthermore, we look at integration between this two-country world and a third country (“low-wage south”). We derive an analytical tool, the Virtual Integrated Equilibrium, that allows us to adapt Dixit and Norman's Integrated Equilibrium approach to a situation where both countries have endogenous unemployment levels.     

论马克思价值理论的宏观性

马克思价值理论的核心内容并不是相对价格,而是总量价值。这是由他所要达到的揭示资本主义经济规律的目的所决定的。马克思价值理论的宏观性,主要体现在他将价值理解为一般性的生产关系和生产价格理论中,前者使得各种异质品能够被加总,后者则使这种总加变得有意义。再生产理论才是马克思相对价格理论的集中体现,同时也是沟通微观价值理论与宏观价值理论的桥梁,生产价格理论也具有这种桥梁作用。     

Do endowments predict the location of production?: Evidence from national and international data

Examining the relationship between factor endowments and production patterns using data from Japanese prefectures and from OECD nations, we find evidence of substantial production indeterminacy. Regressions of outputs on endowments yield prediction errors six to 30 times larger for goods traded relatively freely than for non-traded goods. We argue that a compelling explanation for these results is the existence of more goods than factors in the presence of trade costs. If so, regressions of trade or output on endowments have weak theoretical foundations. Furthermore, since errors are largest in data sets where trade costs are small, we explain why the common methodology of imputing trade barriers from regression residuals has produced counterintuitive results.     

Exchange rate determination: The role of factor price rigidities and nontradeables

This paper introduces factor (labor) markets into the intertemporal monetary model of Obstfeld and Rogoff and combines this richer market structure with a new utility-independent representation of nontradeables. This allows us to explore the international monetary transmission mechanism for factor price (wage) rigidities under different degrees of macroeconomic openness. Factor price rigidities imply similar properties for the international transmission mechanism as domestic producer price rigidities. Nontradeables give raise to interesting new effects under asymmetric monetary shocks: They create short-run PPP deviations, increase exchange rate volatility relative to price level volatility and reduce (positive) consumption and (negative) output comovements.     

价格属性关系实证研究

价格自出现以来就在人类经济活动中饰演着极其重要的角色,并对人们的经济行为施以重大影响。价格属性表现为价格廉价性、价格公平性和价格多样性三个方面。实证研究表明价格廉价性与价格公平性和价格多样性之间为负相关,而价格公平性与价格多样性间为正相关。     

当前我国结构性失业的现状分析

我国面临着严峻的失业压力,而结构性失业在我国尤为突出.当前我国结构性失业主要表现为:东南沿海地区的"民工荒"突出、全国范围的"技工荒"明显、大学生结构性失业问题凸显、下岗失业人员实现再就业困难、中高级人才荒愈演愈烈.     

试论营销策略中的期权因素

营销策略由产品、价格、地点和促销构成,产品由核心产品、有形产品和附加产品组成。附加产 品在产品构成中的作用越来越重要,附加产品的性质类似于期权。通过附加产品,企业和消费者之间存 在着契约关系,可以利用期权的分析方法对附加产品进行分析,并利用期权定价模型对其进行定价。     

金融集聚对制造业创新发展的影响研究——兼析要素价格扭曲的影响分析

伴随着经济全球化和一体化的发展,使得区域间资本流动加速,资源流动范围扩大,其中金融集聚效应最为明显。本文从要素价格扭曲的角度,基于门槛效应模型框架,采集我国1998-2017年30个省级单位的面板数据探讨金融集聚对制造业创新发展的影响效应。结果发现:无论是资本还是劳动力要素,当且仅当它们的要素价格扭曲程度在一定门槛值以下时,金融集聚助推制造业创新发展的效应才能成立。而若要素价格扭曲过高,则会负向调节金融集聚与制造业创新发展的关系,变促进作用为抑制作用。     

中国钛白粉产业现状及发展建议

阐述了中国钛白粉的产业现状及对现在钛白粉产品市场形势进行了分析,对中国钛白粉产业的发展提出了一些有益的建议.     

“谷贱伤农”仍然是粮食增产的最大隐患

粮食是关系国计民生的重要战略资源,粮食安全和粮食供需平衡是构建和谐社会的重要基础。近年来,受全球粮食供需形势多变、国内耕地和水资源减少、城市化进程加快等因素影响,粮食安全问题日益突出。特别是2006年第四季度全国范围粮价迅速上涨,引起了各级党委、政府及社会各界对粮食问题的关注。＂谷贱伤农＂仍然是粮食增产的最大隐患。从粮食价格方面分析了我国粮食增产的影响因素,并提出了相关对策。     

对我国造船配套工业今后发展的若干思考

配套设备费用占总船价的比例,随船舶类型不同而有所区别,一般占30～40％;包括钢材等原材料在内,则占60～70％。因此,配套工业对于整个造船业的发展有着很大影响。日本把其造船工业战后迅速发展和长期占居世界之首的一个重要原因归结为:日本“拥有强大的配套工业来支持造船业的发展”。韩国船舶工业在近30     

我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的发展现状及实现途径

目前,城乡基本公共服务不均等已经成为制约我国经济社会协调发展的瓶颈因素。分析城乡基本公共服务不均等的现状及成因,从体制、机制层面提出政策建议,对于推进基本公共服务均等化、构建和谐社会具有重要的理论及现实指导意义。     

技术引进与制造业技术变迁偏向:全国、安徽省、广东省的比较研究

本研究发展并检验了诱导创新假说。揭示欠发达经济在依靠技术引进启动现代制造技术发展的背景下,生产要素相对价格诱导技术变迁偏向的机制。为验证假说,研究中选取了1992-2006年全国、安徽省、广东省的制造业相关数据,采用SUR方法估计与超越对数成本函数相对应的成本份额方程,并计算要素相对价格不变下的劳动、资本、能源要素的投入比例,得出结果认为,安徽省制造业由于工业化发展层次较低不具备诱导创新假说成立的条件,而广东省及全国总体制造业支持诱导创新假说。在此基础上,本研究认为我国应该实行控制工资-利率低速稳定增长、适当提高能源价格、加大科教投入、完善要素市场等政策,以促进技术变迁偏向更好地适应要素禀赋特征。     

New goods and the skill premium

In a two-cone Heckscher-Ohlin model with CES preferences and a continuum of goods, new northern goods increase the northern skill premium if they are skilled-labor intensive, and may increase the premium if they are unskilled-labor intensive. Thus, the introduction of new goods into US technology could have done more to increase the US skill premium than a closed-economy model would predict. I also explore how new northern goods affect the southern skill premium and what happens if they generate preference-induced reversals across existing goods. I develop a two-step solution method that simplifies comparative static analyses in the two-cone Heckscher-Ohlin model.     

面对成本上升压力企业调价策略探究

在供给大于需求,买方占主动权,竞争又十分激烈的市场上,企业首先提价存在着很大风险。因此,企业要多方考虑、慎重安排。比较好的做法是变压力为动力,挖掘企业自身的潜力以抵消成本上升的压力。同时企业尽可能以边际成本为低线,在经营弹性较高产品时不提价,或适当的降价,以争取更多的销量,从而减少成本提升给企业带来的不利影响。即便是企业不得已提价,也要灵活运用不同的提价方式,从而使企业的经营不受影响,甚至有所改善。