控股股东股权质押与高杠杆公司杠杆操纵——基于我国A股上市公司的经验证据

关于股东股权质押对会计信息质量的影响,已有研究主要聚焦于利润表信息质量(尤其是盈余信息质量),鲜有研究涉及资产负债表信息质量.本文以我国A股非金融类高杠杆上市公司为研究对象,实证检验了控股股东股权质押对公司杠杆操纵的影响.研究发现,与未有控股股东股权质押的高杠杆公司相比,具有控股股东股权质押的高杠杆公司进行杠杆操纵的可能性更大,且控股股东股权质押比例越高,高杠杆公司杠杆操纵程度越大;以上效应在成长性更差、短期偿债压力更大、媒体关注程度更高和股价崩盘风险更大的高杠杆公司中更为显著.     

控股股东股权质押、社会责任与上市公司财务风险

为探究控股股东股权质押对上市公司财务风险的影响机理,本文选取2012—2020年我国A股上市公司作为研究样本,运用固定效应模型实证检验控股股东股权质押对上市公司财务风险的影响、不同产权性质下控股股东股权质押对上市公司财务风险的影响差异,以及企业社会责任在二者关系中的调节效应。研究结果表明：控股股东股权质押会增加上市公司的财务风险;相对于国有上市公司而言,非国有上市公司控股股东股权质押对财务风险的正向影响会更加强烈;控股股东股权质押对上市公司财务风险的影响效应在社会责任表现较差的企业中更为明显。本研究为上市公司防范财务风险,为政府与监管机构监督股权质押行为提供了新的视角和理论依据。     

财务杠杆对企业投资的影响——股权集中背景下的经验研究

不同于以往建立在股权分散背景下的研究,本文讨论了股权集中的上市公司中财务杠杆与企业投资之间的关系以及控股股东持股比例对这一关系的影响。研究结果表明,财务杠杆对企业投资具有显著的抑制作用,并且这种抑制作用随着控股股东持股比例的提高而减弱。本文还发现,财务杠杆对企业投资的抑制作用在成长机会较小的企业中表现得更为突出。这些结果均支持了过度投资假说。     

控股股东股权质押同群效应对财务重述的影响研究

随着股权质押规模的不断扩大，控股股东股权质押对公司治理的影响也越来越显著。财务重述能反映公司的治理问题，因此控股股东股权质押很可能会加剧上市公司的财务重述。本文以2018―2020年沪深A股上市公司为样本，验证了同地区上市公司控股股东股权质押存在正向的同群效应，并进一步验证了控股股东股权质押及其同群效应与公司财务重述之间的正相关关系。同时，还发现上市公司的融资约束程度和盈利水平也会在一定程度上影响控股股东股权质押，及其同群效应与财务重述之间的正相关关系。     

资本结构的激励功能和投资者保护:来自沪港上市公司的比较证据

本文实证分析并比较了在上海和香港两地的上市公司资本结构激励功能的差异。分析表明，财务杠杆对大陆上市公司和香港上市公司的市场价值均具有显著的积极效应。而香港上市公司的资本结构激励功能显著地强于大陆上市公司，财务杠杆所产生的债务压力在香港上市，公司中能够发挥更有效的激励作用。研究结果显示，香港证券市场能够为投资者提供更有力的保护机制。     

财务业绩、CEO薪酬与商业银行社会责任——基于我国上市商业银行的实证分析

以沪深两市上市银行2006~2009年数据为样本,分析财务业绩、CEO薪酬与商业银行社会责任之间的关系,揭示商业银行社会责任的影响因素。研究发现:上市银行财务业绩显著影响其社会责任,但对社会责任的不同衡量指标影响方向相异;CEO薪酬对社会责任具有显著的正向激励作用,但对财务业绩好的银行的激励作用显著小于财务业绩差的银行;资产规模与社会责任之间具有显著的负向相关性;控股股东性质显著影响上市银行社会责任。     

控股股东股权质押对企业价值影响分析——以华映科技为例

控股股东股权质押虽然缓解了融资约束,但也可能为控股股东掏空上市公司提供便利.本文以华映科技控股股东股权质押事件为例,通过对比其股权质押前后的控制权转移、市场反应、财务业绩状况变化得出其对公司价值的影响.研究发现,股权质押后控股股东更倾向于损害公司利益,这为报表使用者提供了警示作用.     

资本结构对公司治理机制的影响：来自管理报酬的证据

财务杠杆能够强化管理报酬的业绩敏感度,并优化管理报酬的激励结构。公司债务所生成的约束机制有助于改善公司治理机制,促进管理效率,减少自由现金流的代理成本,并最终实现公司价值的提升。财务杠杆对公司价值有积极效应。     

管理层股权激励:利益趋同还是利益壕沟——来自股权分置改革后中国上市公司的经验证据

本文从股权分置改革的制度背景来考察国内上市公司管理层股权激励效应及其内在机理。研究结果表明,股权分置改革后,管理层股权激励显著提高了公司绩效,但在不同产权性质公司中激励效果不同:非国有控股公司表现为利益趋同效应,股权激励降低了代理成本,改善了公司绩效;而国有控股公司表现为利益壕沟效应,股权激励对代理成本和公司绩效没有显著影响。进一步研究发现,国有控股公司内部人控制、管理层权力过大是股权激励效应弱化的主要原因。     

财务风险控制影响高管薪酬吗——来自中国A股上市公司的经验证据

根据权衡理论、资本结构动态调整理论以及结构性去杠杆的政策逻辑,当企业经营风险上升时,应该下调财务杠杆以控制财务风险,进而实现长期股东财富最大化的目的。本文以经营风险上升的上市公司为样本,将财务风险控制界定为下调财务杠杆,并据此研究财务风险控制对高管薪酬的影响。研究发现,当经营风险上升时,下调财务杠杆有助于提高高管薪酬,这种效应在经营风险上升程度大、国有企业和控股股东分散化投资程度低的情况下更强。进一步研究发现,高管薪酬财务风险控制敏感性越强,企业下一年度的股价崩盘风险和破产风险越低。在理论上,本文对最优薪酬契约、结构性去杠杆和产权性质的相关研究进行创新和拓展,为民营企业抗风险能力弱的现象提供了新的解释。在实践上,为进一步落实结构性去杠杆政策提供实证支持,为提高企业尤其是民营企业的抗风险能力提供借鉴。     

Impact of special economic zones on firm performance

The establishment of special economic zones (SEZs) is one of the critical policies to promote economic growth. However, the relationship between SEZs and firm performance is still unclear. Using China Industrial Enterprise Database (CIED) from 1998 to 2007, this paper investigates the influence of firm location on its performance mainly from two channels: selection effect and agglomeration effect. The results suggest that firms in SEZs have better performance on average than firms outside SEZs. One reason for the productivity effect is selecting firms with higher productivity to enter the zone and firms with lower productivity to exit the zone. Agglomeration is another critical channel, and the effects are heterogeneous. Both firms in the zones and firms outside the zones gain spillovers from the zones, with the former being larger than the latter. Firms gain larger agglomeration effects from a cluster of the same industry than across industries.     

Taming polysemous signals: The role of marketing intensity on the relationship between financial leverage and firm performance

This study traces the degree of integration and volatility spillover effect between the Pakistani and leading foreign stock markets by analyzing the Meteor shower hypothesis. Daily data are used from nine worldly equity markets (KSE 100, NIKKEI 225, HIS, S&P 500, NASDAQ 100, DOW JONES, GADXI, FTSE 350 and DFMGI) for the period of 2005 to 2014. First, we used the whole data set and after that we split data set into two subsets, First subset of data contains the era of global financial crisis of 2008 from 2005 to 2009 and Second subset is after global financial crisis time period from 2010 to 2014 (The global crisis prevailed till end of 2009). By following the Hamao et al. (1990) technique the univariate GARCH type models are employed to explore the dynamic linkages between Pakistani and leading foreign stock markets. The results from whole data set illustrate that there is mixed co‐movements between leading foreign stock markets and Pakistani stock market. The results from both subsets provide an evidence that there is a unidirectional mean and volatility spillover effect from S&P 500, NASDAQ 100, DJI and DFMGI to KSE 100. Also we found bidirectional spillover effect between DFMGI and KSE 100 from both subsets of data. We concluded that there is only one indirect linkage through which may the information transmitted to KSE 100. This linkage is developed due to the co‐movement among KSE 100, DFMGI and NASDAQ 100 in crisis period. This integration between these markets may provide a sign of indirect linkage. It also exhibits the volatility in Pakistan stock market returns is instigated through direct effects as well as indirect effects. Our study brings important conclusions for financial institutions, portfolio managers, market players and academician to diagnose the nature and level of linkages between the financial markets.     

Do foreign investments increase firm value and firm performance? Evidence from Japan

As empirical evidence on the impact of internationalization on firm performance remains unclear, we revisit the question of whether foreign investments enhance firm value and firm performance. Using a panel sample of publicly listed firms in Japan during the 1990–2016 period, we find that foreign investments are negatively associated with firm value. In addition, foreign investments are negatively related to firm performance at short- and long-horizons. Furthermore, foreign investments appear to reduce revenue growth but have no effect on firm efficiency, suggesting that simply increasing foreign investments does not necessarily enhance revenue growth or firm efficiency.     

Interdependencies of female board member appointments

We investigate the appointments of female board members of Japanese corporations together with the corporations’ performance. We relate the presence of female board members to the board and ownership networks of the corresponding firms. We find that firms with female board members often show above average performance. We also find that corporate boards and the corresponding members show homophily with respect to gender in their networks. The observed homophily leads to interdependencies in the appointments of new board members. New appointments of female board members are more likely at firms with ties to other boards with female board members.     

Firm life cycle,corporate risk‐taking and investor sentiment

This study investigates the corporate risk‐taking and the performance consequences at different stages of the firm life cycle. We find that risk‐taking is higher in the introduction and decline stages of the life cycle, but lower in the growth and mature stages. We also find that risk‐taking during introduction and decline stage (growth and maturity stage) affects future performance adversely (positively). We also document that managerial risk‐taking propensities increase during periods of high investor sentiment and firms in different life cycle stages respond to sentiment differently. Collectively, these results suggest that the firm life cycle has explanatory power for corporate risk‐taking behaviour.     

The long-run performance of firms that issue convertible debt: an empirical analysis of operating characteristics and analyst forecasts

Many firms issue hybrid securities, such as convertible debt, instead of standard securities like straight debt or common equity. Theoretical arguments suggest that convertible debt minimizes costs for firms facing high debt- and equity-related external financing costs. Theory also suggests that an appropriately designed convertible security provides efficient investment incentives. We show, however, that firms on average perform poorly following the issuance of convertible debt. The empirical evidence suggests that the efficient investment decisions predicted by theory are not in fact achieved by the actual design and issuance of convertible debt securities. An alternative interpretation of convertible debt offers is that investors ration the participation of some issuers in the seasoned equity market.     

Managerial ownership and firm performance: A re-examination using productivity measurement

The role of productivity in firm performance is of fundamental importance to the US economy. Consistent with the corporate finance approach, this paper uses the ownership stake of a firm's managers as an argument in estimating the firm's production function. Accordingly, this paper brings together the corporate finance and productivity literature. Using a large sample of randomly selected manufacturing firms that does not suffer from any survivorship or large firm size biases, we find that managerial ownership changes are positively related to changes in productivity. We also find a higher sensitivity of changes in managerial ownership to changes in productivity for firms who experience greater than the median change in managerial ownership. These results are robust to including lagged estimates of production inputs, year dummies and separate dummies for each firm to control for unobservable firm characteristics. In addition, we find that the stock market rewards firms with increases in firm value when these firms increase their level of productivity.     

流通企业的企业理论新析

现有企业理论不能很好地解释流通企业的问题.流通企业产生的经济根源在于分工(专业化利益)与交换(交易成本)的两难冲突,其经济性质在于通过专业化交易降低交易成本.经济性质差异导致流通企业在技术性质、规模约束以及规模扩张模式等方面都与生产企业大不相同,流通企业规模受本地市场容量的限制,因此必须采取分店扩张模式.     

Firm size and cost system sophistication: The role of firm age

The costing literature has failed to conclusively explain why some companies implement sophisticated costing systems while others do not. Although some contingency variables were proposed, inconclusive results were reported which raised concerns about their underlying theory. Focusing on firm size, as the most examined and confusing variable in this contingency literature, we develop and test more complex relations than in prior studies to provide more insights into its role. More specifically, we test potential indirect positive relations between firm size and cost system sophistication (through product diversity and cost structure) and bring to light the role of firm age largely neglected in the cost accounting literature. Using two different statistical analyses (i.e. SEM and PLS) and data from manufacturing firms, our findings suggest, in contrast to the majority of prior studies, that not all larger firms should be expected to have sophisticated costing systems. The impact of firm size on cost system sophistication depends on firm age and is mediated by product diversity but not cost structure. We conclude by emphasizing the need for more complex models to further advance the theory on costing systems. Such models should go beyond explaining the potential impact of each contextual variable in isolation.     

Risk,resilience, and Shariah-compliance

Despite the popularity of Islamic Finance, the effects of Shariah-compliance on non-financial firm operations have never been studied. Shariah-compliance requirements presents unique conditions to examine how firms perform under restricted conditions. This paper seeks to examine the effects of Shariah-compliance on the risk and resilience of non-financial firms. Using a dynamic panel system GMM and a host of firm-specific attributes, and a global sample of 2,160 firms across six geographic regions, the results suggest that Shariah-compliant firms have lower firm risk as measured by total and idiosyncratic risk, and greater firm resilience as measured by the percent deviation from the maximum values of sales, cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and share price. These effects are more profound in the years following the U.S. subprime crisis. Results also show socio-cultural norms to have a moderating effect. Further testing shows firms face stiff penalties for losing their Shariah-compliance status. This paper is the first to study the effects of Shariah-compliance on non-financial firm operations on a global scale. This paper also contributes to the capital structure and corporate governance literature as it provides evidence that suggest resource restraints may be beneficial for a firm. The findings of this paper also provide significant value to firms looking to capitalize on the 1.8 billion-strong Muslim market with further insight on the intricacies of Shariah-compliance.