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中国东西部地区之间不仅存在着城市化水平的差异,还存在着城市规模分布演进趋势不一致的特点。文章率先关注到这一特点,并从城市初始规模的视角入手,探讨和检验了国际贸易和区域内城市间运输成本对城市规模分布的影响。基于1998-2013年中国23个省区的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据等面板数据,文章发现国际贸易更有利于大城市发挥其规模经济的优势,获取更强的规模增长动力,从而推动城市规模分布趋于集中。进一步研究还发现省区内城市间的运输水平会影响国际贸易对城市规模分布的影响,在运输成本较高的省区,贸易开放会促使城市规模集中,而在运输成本较低的省区,贸易开放则会令城市规模分布趋于分散。在中国全面开放的背景下,改善交通基础设施有助于运输成本较高的区域避免大城市的过度集聚,实现大城市和中小城市的协调发展。 相似文献
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中国城市规模分布演进的实证研究及对城市发展方针的反思 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过分析中国城市系统时间序列规模分布的罗仑兹曲线、基尼系数以及年均增长率与基年城市规模的相关关系,研究中国城市规模分布演进的规律,结果表明,中国城市规模分布的变化在短时期呈现略有不同的收敛或发散态势,从长期看仍呈现近似的平行增长模式,从而证实了发展中国家的城市规模分布演进也存在平行增长的规律,作为城市系统相对完善的国家,平行增长表现为各城市基本相同的年增长率,而在城市化高速发展时期的国家,城市规模分布的平行增长表现为新城市的大量出现部分抹平了大城市的相对快速增长,从而说明长期以来我国在城市规模框架内构造城市发展路径的方针是不可行的。 相似文献
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中国的城市化之所以严重滞后, 其原因在于长期实行“抑城市 化”政策。所谓“抑城市化”,就是对城市化采取限制政策,抑制城市的数量和规模特别是大城市的数量和规模的扩大,使城市化的发展速度始终慢于工业化和整个经济的发展速度。当然, 相似文献
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本文检验了产业专业化、产业多样化对不同规模城市经济增长的影响。研究发现:不同规模城市的经济增长都得益于产业专业化;产业多样化有益于超大城市、特大城市、大城市的经济增长,不利于中等城市、小城市的经济增长;从全国城市的角度来看,产业专业化、产业多样化都有益于城市的经济增长。 相似文献
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本文应用城市首位律和城市位序—规模法则,测算了1990-2008年以城市人口规模表征的成渝经济区城市规模分布分维值,并对分维值进行了纵向对比分析。研究结果显示:成渝经济区城市规模分布具有分形特征,满足城市位序—规模分布规律,城市规模分布变化波动较小,有趋向集中分布的趋势;超大城市数量少但人口规模大比重高,区域内城市规模等级层次断层,中小城市发展比较成熟。成渝经济区城市体系的建设,应坚持"强化超大城市,重点发展特大和大城市,发展完善中小城市体系"的原则,逐渐建成"金字塔"式城市体系规模结构。 相似文献
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目前,城市规模的扩大正在以史无前例的速度增长,尤其是在中国,大城市如雨后春笋般出现。城市化在促进经济繁荣和改变我们生活方式的同时,也带来了城市建设规模快速扩张、管理和运行成本上升、生态环境恶化、生活幸福感下降等不可持续的问题,影响了城市化的健康发展。 相似文献
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西部地区城市化水平低下,城市空间布局和规模结构都不尽合理,城市基础设施落后。在这种情况下,为了吸引大量的资金和人才,发挥城市的主导作用,实现地区经济的可持续发展,笔者认为,今后以工业化为目标,走以发展大、中城市为重点的集中型城市化道路,应该是西部城市化发展的合理选择。 一、重点建设特大城市和大城市,发挥它们的集约优势,带动区域经济的发展 聚集是城市最本质的特征,也是影响城市化进程的最重要的经济规律。特大城市和大城市 相似文献
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This paper investigates the impact of China's city size and urban population concentration on city productivity by developing a distinctive index based on global nighttime light data. Using the panel data of 280 prefecture cities from 2004 to 2013 and employing dynamic system generalized method of moments and panel threshold model regression techniques, our results show that city size has a positive impact on city productivity; therefore, cities in China still have the potential to expand. While moderate urban population concentration can benefit city productivity, excessively concentrated urban population distribution may impede the growth of city productivity. We also find that the level of labor income significantly affects the impacts of urban agglomeration on labor productivity. Therefore, our results imply that city development policies should focus more on how to appropriately allocate economic activities and adjust population distribution in urban areas according to different stages of economic development. 相似文献
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优化人口分布空间格局、提高城镇化质量对未来保持经济增长的重要性不言而喻,但对于如何优化人口分布格局和提高城镇化质量,现有的文献存在持续争议。文章从经济发展的过程来讨论城市最优人口密度问题,认为各城市之间存在一种赶超现象,少数城市是吸收和转化国外技术的主要场所,是本国的增长前沿,其他城市通过接受前沿城市的溢出来实现增长,城市人口的最优密度与城市在宏观经济增长中的角色有关,人口密度对经济增长的影响随城市在经济发展中的作用不同而不同。借鉴发展经济学的理论,文章在一个赶超的框架下分析了人口密度对城市经济增长的影响,重点考察在靠近增长前沿和远离增长前沿的城市中人口密度对经济增长的影响是否存在差异。运用1999—2014年中国地级以上的城市数据,实证结果表明,对于靠近增长前沿的城市来说,人口密度的经济增长正效应更大;对于远离增长前沿的城市来说,人口密度的经济增长正效应更小或效应为负;进一步研究发现,城市人口密度对经济增长的这种非线性效应随着与增长前沿城市的空间距离和行政边界数量增加而衰减。文章结果意味着,限制增长前沿城市的人口密度将会对它们的经济增长产生负向影响。下一步城镇化的政策重点应该是对这些城市做好发展规划,在增加城市人口密度的同时,通过科学规划公共服务设施和交通基础设施的空间分布,从而控制这些城市的拥挤,而不是简单地限制人口进入和将人口分布在广阔的空间上。 相似文献
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The spatial distribution of population and economic activities has important impacts on both economic growth and the environment. This paper uses a slack‐based measure to estimate the total factor environmental efficiency (TFEE) of 286 Chinese prefectural‐and‐above cities for the period 2002–2013. In particular, the relationship between city size and TFEE is investigated. The findings also show an inverted U‐shaped relationship between TFEE and city size, which implies an optimal city size of 16.68 million residents in China. According to this estimate, most Chinese cities may be undersized due to the migration restrictions of the hukou registration system and, hence, suffer from great environmental efficiency losses. The estimated low average TFEE value of Chinese cities also suggests the large potential for efficiency improvement. Thus, government policies should focus on relaxing migration restrictions and encouraging the development of large cities. 相似文献
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本文考察了收入差距对耐用消费品消费的影响。我们从厂商的定价理论出发。说明了收入差距对耐用消费品消费呈现出倒U型的影响:随着收入差距扩大,耐用消费品的消费量增加,但是,收入差距继续扩大则会减少耐用消费品的消费。这说明,适当的收入差距有利于社会消费水平提高和经济的发展,过大和过小的收入差距都无助于经济的起飞。我们最后运用城镇居民和农村居民彩电、洗衣机和冰箱的拥有量对该理论进行了实证检验,实证检验结果基本上支持了我们的理论分析。 相似文献
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This paper studies the effect of high‐speed rail (HSR) on urban economic growth using a panel data comprising 285 Chinese cities in 2007–2017. Combining the endogenous growth model with a difference‐in‐difference analysis, we extend the horse‐mass theory to explain how China may use HSR to avoid the so‐called middle‐income trap. The paper also examines the efficient boundaries of HSR and simultaneously studies HSR time–space compression as well as the city neighboring effects on economic growth. It is found that HSR's efficient boundaries are within the range of 200–1,200 km for provincial capitals and 50–300 km for prefecture‐level cities. HSR stimulates economic growth by approximately 0.6 percent, and the neighboring effect accounts for one‐quarter of economic growth. Three policy implications are drawn: (i) China needs to further reduce the travel times between the inland provincial cities and Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou; (ii) China should build a denser HSR network to maximize its economic impact on the vast majority of cities; (iii) China needs to develop some powerful economic growth centers in the inland areas to lead the development of their neighboring cities. 相似文献
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县城自古以来就是中国城市体系的主要构成部分,文章在对中国城市类型历史演化过程分析的基础上,通过对历史上东西方城市的经济功用比较、中国历史上县城和大都市、市镇的经济功用分别比较,指出发展县城经济对我国当前城乡统筹发展,特别是县域经济发展具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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Fan‐chin Kung 《International Journal of Economic Theory》2020,16(1):51-61
Models of cities based on conventional spatial market theory are unable to replicate a realistic size distribution. The stochastic process approach to size distribution, which assumes proportionate growth, does not provide an economic foundation for spatial trades. There is an apparent irreconcilability. We propose that since there is a continuum of equilibria in models of spatial markets with endogenous location, proportionate growth can work as equilibrium selection. We present computations for an urban configuration that has not been presented in the literature before. A small city locates inside a larger city's agricultural supply zone. This generates a larger variation in city size that may include a realistic size distribution. 相似文献
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近年来中国经济增速有所下降,但各个城市在经济下行压力下的表现并不相同,本文从人口集聚的视角研究城市经济韧性。首先利用空间均衡模型分析集聚如何影响生产率进而作用于城市经济韧性,在此基础上建立长差分模型识别集聚和城市韧性的关系。研究发现:集聚不但有助于提高城市抗冲击的能力,也能够提升城市经济恢复的能力以及冲击后状态转变的能力;与经济下行时期相比,经济调整时期集聚与城市韧性的关系更为密切;市场需求效应、高技能劳动力的流入及知识溢出是集聚影响城市韧性的主要途径;集聚效应存在空间异质性,集聚对全国总体经济韧性有明显影响。本文研究表明,促进人口集聚是应对经济下行压力、增强城市韧性的有效举措。 相似文献
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Lionel Frost 《Australian economic history review》1998,38(1):42-73
This article examines the contribution of the urban sector to Australian economic development before the First World War. This contribution has often been seen in negative terms: contemporary observers generally thought that the major cities were to large and drained resources from the productive sectors of the economy, while some modern historians have portrayed cities as centres of poverty and environmental disamenity. The article evaluates these claims and presents a case for the urban sector having been a powerful stimulus to economic growth. The problems which Australian urbanization created did not stem from cities being too large, with more inhabitants than the number of well-paying jobs; rather, the general preference for low-density suburban living, and the ability of most of the population to be able to afford to live that way, meant that the cities would be expensive to build and difficult to service in a cost-effective way. 相似文献