基于非线性编辑网络中Web服务技术的调用

在非线性编辑网络系统中，改进其软件体系结构，应用Web服务技术优化非线性编辑网络系统，不仅可以提高非线性编辑网络的可扩展性，同时还可以具备支持异种平台的能力。以下本文就将浅析非线性编辑网络中Web服务技术的调用。     

企业管理的有效授权分析与策略

现代企业管理者都希望能通过有效授权,进而对责任进行划分,达到及时完成生产经营,取得赢利的目的.作者通过从授权的含义为切入点,分析了其发展的过程和在企业中的具体作用,并结合实际情况客观地剖析了其日常应用.     

对发展中国家的特殊和差别待遇——以WTO有关区域贸易安排的规定为视角

特殊与差别待遇,是世贸组织处理发展中成员方经济发展问题时必须遵循的一项基本原则。但是,世贸组织有关区域贸易协定的现有规范却缺乏对发展中国家的特殊考虑,这不利于发展中国家参与区域经济合作,促进其经济发展。多哈部长宣言授权成员方在区域贸易协定的谈判中考虑发展问题,但是发达成员和发展中成员在此问题上存在争议,尚未达成共识。发展中国家应当积极参与谈判,争取保留授权条款,同时在24条中引入特殊和差别待遇。作为交换条件,发展中国家可以接受就南南型区域贸易协定向世贸组织进行通知并由其进行审查。     

浅谈现代企业管理的有效授权

现代企业管理者都希望能通过有效授权,进而对责任进行划分,达到及时完成生产经营,取得赢利的目的.作者通过从授权的含义为切入点,分析了其发展的过程和在企业中的具体作用,并结合实际情况客观地剖析了其日常应用.     

浅谈现代企业管理的有效授权

现代企业管理者都希望能通过有效授权,进而对责任进行划分,达到及时完成生产经营,取得赢利的目的.作者通过从授权的含义为切入点,分析了其发展的过程和在企业中的具体作用,并结合实际情况客观地剖析了其日常应用.     

浅谈现代企业管理的有效授权

现代企业管理者都希望能通过有效授权,进而对责任进行划分,达到及时完成生产经营,取得赢利的目的.作者通过从授权的含义为切入点,分析了其发展的过程和在企业中的具体作用,并结合实际情况客观地剖析了其日常应用.     

论领导有效授权

企业要发展、要实现其宏伟目标和宗旨,作为企业领导人,必须要学会授权,尤其是要学会有效授权。本文通过有效授权对领导、企业、经济和社会的意义分析,提出了领导如何在具体的授权过程中做到有效授权,提高企业绩效,以实现企业的宏伟目标和宗旨。     

认知网络中的能量回收技术：性能分析及优化设计

通信网络中有限的能源和频带资源限制了网络容量的进一步提升。对能量回收技术在认知网络中的应用进行研究,量化评估用户可回收的能量以及可达吞吐率,并进行优化设计很有必要。在所分析的系统中,当授权用户进行通信时,非授权用户可回收无线信号中所带有的能量,并利用回收的能量进行频谱检测;当检测到授权用户空闲时,非授权用户将接入频谱,利用回收到的能量进行数据传输。采用马尔科夫链模型对通信场景进行描述分析,发现授权用户的活跃程度对非授权用户可回收的能量、获得的传输机会带来影响,进而决定了非授权用户的可达吞吐量。在此基础上,提出一种通过控制授权用户业务量,以最大化网络能量效用和频谱效用的优化方案,并通过仿真证实了理论分析的正确性。     

企业内部控制授权管理问题探讨

良好的授权体系是落实企业内部控制制度的根本保证。由于授权概念不清，情况不明等原因，许多企业在授权方面还存在着许多缺陷。本文将企业内部授权方面的缺陷进行了归纳，分析了具体成因，提出了改进措施，并通过应用实例，进一步说明了内部控制授权的实际应用方法。     

以EVA为基础计算经理人股票期权行权价

传统股票期权行权价的定价中,不考虑经理人从赠与日到授权日的激励报酬,这种做法有损经理人的利益。将EVA引入股票期权行权价的计算中,经理人最终可获的报酬为赠与日到授权日的EVA值和授权日到行权日的股票增值额,完整体现经理人的人力资本价值。     

Moderating effects of consumer empowerment on the relationship between involvement in eco‐friendly food and eco‐friendly food behaviour

This study investigates the moderating effect of consumer empowerment on the relationship between involvement in and purchase behaviour towards eco‐friendly food. It uses the generalized linear model, with data from the 2017 Research on Food Consumption. The results showed that gender is related only to involvement in eco‐friendly food and this involvement is higher for women than for men. Moreover, involvement in eco‐friendly food, purchase empowerment, engagement empowerment and frequency of buying eco‐friendly food increase as age increases, with the highest increases observed at ages 40–49 and 50–59; the score for those older than these age groups was much lower, resembling an inverted U shape. Groups with high education and income levels presented high scores for involvement in eco‐friendly food, purchase empowerment, engagement empowerment and frequency of buying eco‐friendly food. Regarding the effects of involvement in eco‐friendly food, purchase empowerment and engagement empowerment on the frequency of buying eco‐friendly food, the main effects of involvement in eco‐friendly food and purchase empowerment as well as the interactive effects between involvement in eco‐friendly food and engagement empowerment were statistically significant.     

Consumer Control and Empowerment: A Primer

This paper introduces consumer empowerment as a promising research area. Going beyond lay wisdom that more control is always better, we outline several hypotheses concerning (a) the factors that influence the perception of empowerment, and (b) the consequences of greater control and the subjective experience of empowerment on consumer satisfaction and confidence.     

Rhetoric versus Reality: Exploring Consumer Empowerment in a Maternity Setting

This study explores consumer empowerment in a maternity setting in the Republic of Ireland. Our results indicate that empowerment is a complex phenomenon influenced by many variables. While the current health services literature is focusing on active consumers of health services, our study shows that not all pregnant women have the same needs for and attitudes toward empowerment: some women do indeed seek to be overtly empowered in the maternity setting and equate empowerment with a high level of control over the service provision; others pursue a more passive role but may still experience such a role as empowering. A theoretical discussion focusing on the complexities of empowerment and issues of power and authoritative knowledge in cultural systems concludes this paper.     

Entrepreneurship Education in a Poverty Context: An Empowerment Perspective

Empowerment is an important but understudied phenomenonExperiential Learning in entrepreneurship education. We integrate literatures on empowerment theory and experiential learning to propose a conceptual model of empowerment‐based entrepreneurship education. The concept of entrepreneurial empowerment is introduced as a cognitive state characterized by meaning, competence, self‐determination, and impact toward entrepreneurial activities. The model proposes that empowerment has a mediating role in the relationship between experiential learning approaches in a poverty context and the acquisition of learning outcomes. The model is illustrated using an entrepreneurship and adversity program that supports local low‐income individuals in starting and growing their ventures.     

Stakeholder engagement through empowerment: The case of coffee farmers

While most studies on stakeholder engagement focus on high‐power stakeholders (typically, employees), limited attention has been devoted to the engagement of low‐power stakeholders. These have been defined as vulnerable stakeholders for their low capacity to influence corporations. Our research is framed around the engagement of low‐power stakeholders in the coffee industry who are, paradoxically, critical resource providers for the major roasters. Through the case study of Lavazza—the leading Italian roaster—we investigate empowerment actions addressed to smallholder farmers located in Brazil, India, East Africa, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. We contribute to the theoretical discussion around engagement and empowerment by developing a framework linking together areas of empowerment (defined in the literature) and specific empowerment actions (emerging from our interviews). Our insights shed light on how organizations can design empowerment strategies leading to more effective stakeholder engagement and how empowerment actions can contribute to turn low‐power stakeholders into active business partners. We demonstrate that moving from a traditional competitive view of corporate–stakeholder relationships to a stakeholder theory view based on a logic of cooperative partnerships reinforces the idea that stakeholder engagement and empowerment are both entangled with the value creation process.     

Women's Perceived Empowerment in Entrepreneurial Efforts: The Role of Bricolage and Psychological Capital

Women's entrepreneurial empowerment—perceived competence, self‐determination, and ability in managing a firm as an entrepreneur—is important to women's entrepreneurship in developing countries. Drawing on a sample of 369 women entrepreneurs from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in Gujarat, a western state in India, we find that women's entrepreneurial empowerment is positively associated with firm revenues. Gains from empowerment could be further enhanced for women entrepreneurs managing resource constraints—through bricolage—and meeting the challenges of self‐employment—through psychological capital. The present study contributes to literature on women's entrepreneurial empowerment and SME performance. Women's empowerment and the bolstering effects of bricolage and psychological capital could help government agencies and non‐government organizations devise programs and policies to improve the performance of women‐owned SMEs in developing countries.     

Empowerment and Customer Satisfaction Strategies in Multi-Cultural Hotel Restaurant Environments

ABSTRACT

The paper addresses empowerment issues for hotel restaurant managers, as they affect: (a) quality service, (b) customer satisfaction, and (c) financial implications. It investigates empowerment in restaurant management in Dubai five star hotels, how managers operating in Dubai's multi-cultural environment perceive empowerment in their operations, and how this perception relates to their organization's quest for service quality, customer satisfaction, and financial return. Primary data was collected in focus group interviews with (n = 24) managers. Findings suggest managers are well informed, see empowerment as beneficial, support its application, but harbour some concerns, and as literature suggests, there are ambiguities and disagreements over its application.     

顷客心理受权与服务质量和满意感的实证研究

目前,大学生旅游已成为旅游业新的利润增长点,是旅游企业不可忽视的一个市场群体。通过在广州市的三所大学进行了一次实证研究,探讨了顾客心理受权的组成成分及其与服务质量和顾客满意感之间的关系。数据分析结果表明,顾客的消费能力、消费自主权、影响力是顾客心理受权的组成成分,顾客心理受权对服务质量和顾客满意感存在显著影响。     

Effective Paths for Consumer Empowerment and Protection in Retail Energy Markets

Consumer empowerment and protection are frequently discussed in contemporary energy policy debates. The process of consumer empowerment through information and consumer education has great potential, yet consumer switching as the concomitant outcome of this process remains low. Additional protection for vulnerable consumers is called for. This article is centred on the path to achieving consumer empowerment and protection. In particular, it stresses that empowerment should be viewed as a long-term process. Regulators should not focus on the mere outcome of switching and adopt remedies aimed at changing consumer behaviour in the short term. The discussion highlights how attempts to protect vulnerable consumers through an ancillary application of competition law distort the competitive process and should be avoided. Personal vulnerabilities, such as low income, can be better tackled with targeted social policy measures, whereas instances of vulnerabilities pertaining to the market context, such as difficulties in assessing different energy offers, are better phased out through the market mechanism.     

Do‐It‐Yourself Projects as Path toward Female Empowerment in a Gendered Market Place

The role of women as homeowners and heads of households are changing the dynamics in which women engage in do‐it‐yourself (DIY) behavior. Because there is limited extant theory associated with female involvement in DIY behavior, a qualitative study using in‐depth interviews was conducted. Through grounded theory analysis several themes emerged during the coding process, and the themes of empowerment were especially relevant to the informants in this study. Five dimensions of empowerment were identified: empowerment through project initiation, production mastery, adding economic value to goods and services, unleashing creative potential, and empowerment through ownership. The findings show women's involvement in DIY behavior and the consumption of DIY‐related goods is closely tied to the concept of female empowerment.