不同降雨条件下堆积体边坡响应规律与失稳力学机制分析

降雨诱发堆积体边坡地质灾害是中国最为常见的地质灾害之一,其失稳力学机制是防灾减灾领域的重要研究方向.针对云南某典型堆积体边坡,统计当地降雨事件分布规律,分别从降雨模式、降雨量和降雨时长3个角度对边坡内部渗流场、应力场的变化规律进行分析,获得了不同降雨条件下滑坡演化机制及破坏形态.结果表明:在降雨量相同的条件下,波动型降雨模式对边坡稳定性影响最大,降雨强度的增加迅速降低边坡安全系数;降雨量的增加导致坡体内部孔压消散区域面积明显增加,渗流场与应力场的互相扰动作用导致岩土体有效应力和基质吸力发生降低,非饱和土的抗剪强度降低,进而导致边坡失稳.研究成果可为降雨型滑坡地质灾害预测与防治提供理论支撑.     

降雨作用下土石混合体边坡力学参数弱化规律与稳定性分析

土石混合体边坡地质灾害是中国最为常见的地质灾害之一,而降雨是其主要诱发因素,降雨条件下边坡劣化机理研究是防灾减灾领域的重要研究方向.通过分析不同含水率条件下土石混合体力学性质试验数据,建立抗剪强度参数随含水率的演化方程;以此为基础,针对西南地区典型土石混合体边坡,考虑降雨条件下力学参数弱化的影响,采用Geostudio软件开展边坡稳定性分析.结果表明:演化方程能有效反映含水率增大对土石混合体抗剪强度具有显著的弱化效应;降雨强度的增大会显著降低边坡稳定性,降雨持时只是降雨过程中某一时刻值的体现,对边坡稳定性影响不大;降雨量与边坡安全系数呈明显线性负相关.研究成果可为土石混合体边坡地质灾害预测与防治提供技术支撑.     

开挖对某工程边坡稳定性的影响研究

某工程边坡为典型的岩质高陡开挖边坡,其稳定性对工程的安全施工和后期运行影响重大。为分析分层开挖对高边坡安全系数的影响,本研究建立了高边坡的三维有限元模型,应用ANSYS软件数值模拟了开挖过程,进行了稳定性分析计算。结果表明:对于处于临界稳定状态、滑坡体安全余度很小的高陡岩质边坡,分层开挖滑坡体,可提高边坡整体安全系数,对于边坡的稳定有一定的提高,但是考虑到降雨及地震等情况的发生,为获得安全盈余,建议进行加固。     

非饱和渗流对土质边坡稳定影响分析

大多数土质边坡的破坏是由于地下水的渗流作用所引起.文章在非饱和渗漉理论的基础上,利用GeoStudio的sweep/w和slope/w两个分析模块对深圳市松白路改进工程K9+300处路堑边坡进行了渗流稳定性分析.结果表明,边坡的安全系数会随着φb的增加相应增加,随着渗透系数增大而减小.所以,渗透系数和φb可作为边坡稳定性的评价指标.     

基于DDA的岩质边坡稳定性评价方法

岩质边坡的稳定性主要受节理、裂隙等结构面控制，基于连续介质的边坡稳定性分析方法已不适用。为此，将节理岩体非连续变形分析（DDA）方法与强度折减法相结合，提出基于DDA的复杂岩质边坡稳定性分析方法，并给出强度折减策略和安全系数确定依据。通过单滑块直线滑面和多滑块圆弧滑面两个算例，并与理论解和条分法计算结果进行对比，验证该方法的准确性和有效性。以河南洛宁抽水蓄能电站场内公路岩质边坡为例，应用该方法分析不同折减系数下边坡的变形演化过程和位移演化规律，并确定边坡的安全系数。结果表明，在降雨及爆破开挖扰动影响下，边坡破坏首先发生在坡脚，然后逐渐发展到坡顶，与现场调查及监测结果较为吻合。该方法可为复杂岩质边坡稳定性评价提供一种新的研究途径。     

高原地区抗滑桩边坡稳定性分析

由于实际环境的复杂性与多变性,边坡自然沉积土体的强度参数均具有各向异性和非均质性,强度参数的改变对边坡安全系数具有影响。基于抗滑桩土拱效应的影响,考虑边坡土体强度参数的各向异性与非均质性,通过编程二次开发有限元软件,建立土体强度各向异性和非均质性的抗滑桩边坡模型,分析土体强度参数各向同性与各向异性条件下边坡安全系数的变化。研究结果表明,各向异性的非均质系数为0.5时,对抗滑桩边坡安全系数影响最大,比各向同性均质的边坡安全系数降低22.9%。与水平向黏聚力强度相比,垂直向对抗滑桩边坡稳定性影响更大,土体各向异性与非均质性对抗滑桩边坡稳定性分析十分重要。     

人类活动影响高速公路滑坡的发灾机理和致灾模式研究——以余家海滑坡成因机理为例

高速公路桥梁横跨滑坡体导致公路安全运营问题突出，经济损失严重。以余家海互通立交BK0+601桥滑坡体为例，通过现场调研和钻孔调查，分析该类型滑坡的发灾机理和致灾模式，计算在不同工况下边坡稳定性，提出该类型滑坡的针对性治理方案。结果表明，导致该滑坡发灾的主要因素为不合理的堆载与边坡前缘开挖后支护不及时的人类活动，在降雨的耦合作用下导致滑坡发生。揭示了该滑坡致灾机理，是由于前缘水库清淤导致临空面增加，在滑坡的牵引-拉裂作用导致承灾体受损。降雨与库水位波动耦合加剧滑坡的灾变，使桥墩发生位移，威胁行车安全。致灾模式包括排水槽损坏、桥墩基础拉裂以及上部结构破坏和堵河次生灾害。通过稳定性计算与分析表明该滑坡为欠稳定，未来在降雨作用下会出现局部滑动。提出格宾挡墙与护坦的针对性治理措施，能防止库水波动影响，起到拦挡作用。     

降雨入渗对双层滑带滑坡的稳定性影响研究

文章针对库岸双层滑带滑坡,利用有限元分析方法GEO-STUDIO,开展了降雨入渗条件下双层滑带滑坡的稳定性研究。结果表明:对于双层滑带滑坡,降雨对浅层滑带的稳定性影响大于深层滑带;由于深层滑带的存在,在降雨入渗过程中,滑坡的浸润线变化幅度滞后程度变大,相较于浅层滑带单独存在时浮托力减小,减弱了浅层滑带稳定性的变化幅度;由于浅层滑带的存在,在降雨过程中,雨水入渗速度有所加快,相较于深层滑带单独存在时的安全系数略低;在降雨过程中,深层滑带的存在使得浅层滑带的稳定性升高,而浅层滑带的存在可在一定程度上降低深层滑带的稳定性。     

基于ABAQUS的矿坑边坡稳定性数值模拟研究

遗留矿坑边坡的稳定性问题一直都是岩土工程界非常重要和难以解决的问题.遗留矿坑边坡问题复杂,矿坑边坡的稳定性评价仍比较困难.本文基于有限元分析软件ABAQUS,以长沙恒大童世界乐园地块矿坑边坡为例,选取其中一个代表区段进行数值模拟分析,并提出了支护治理建议,以提高其稳定性.本文的分析结果能降低工程造价,为工程后期治理提供...     

印尼某火电厂高填方边坡防治综合分析

电厂建设过程中场平形成的高填方边坡是威胁电厂安全的危险源之一。对高填方边坡进行综合分析有助于了解边坡失稳普适性规律,为同类边坡治理提供理论依据。通过对印尼某电厂高填方边坡进行地质勘测、稳定性评价、数值模拟、长期监测,综合探讨高边坡变形机理和防治措施的可靠性。研究结果显示：填方高边坡破坏模式主要是围绕软弱结构面,如表层填土和煤层等滑移或出现不均匀沉降;坡面防护体系、坡体内加筋格栅等防治措施可有效提高高填方边坡的稳定性;长期监测是评价边坡加固可靠性的重要依据,也是提前评价边坡潜在隐患的重要手段。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.