数字人民币的潜在洗钱风险与监管研究

近年来,我国数字人民币试点积极推进,试点人数、覆盖区域已居于全球央行数字货币之首;但同时,数字人民币相关的洗钱风险也开始显现。如何系统地分析数字人民币的潜在洗钱风险和相应监管机制,已成为数字人民币发展的重大现实问题。本文基于数字人民币的底层技术和交易结构,综合分析了数字人民币的潜在洗钱风险与规制障碍,进而从制度建设、义务履行、技术赋能三个层面,提出了完善数字人民币反洗钱监管的框架和路径：制度建设层面,从顶层设计明确数字人民币反洗钱的法律支撑,以风险为本评估并细化对不同主体的监管要求;义务履行层面,强化运营机构的客户尽职调查和交易报告义务,厘清数字人民币合作机构反洗钱义务履行的边界;技术赋能层面,提升数字人民币反洗钱数据合规管理,并强化对智能合约的嵌入式监管。上述监管框架与数字人民币的运行模式和现有的金融监管机制具有较强的适应性,为健全数字人民币反洗钱体系提供了政策参考。     

金融风险的信息质量特征与我国金融会计制度改革

本文着眼于巴塞尔新资本协议第三次征求意见稿提出的金融风险监管和信息披露框架,以我国金融会计制度的国际化协调为切入点,分析了信用风险、市场风险和操作风险等金融风险的构成要素,指出现有监管信息系统和会计体系存在的问题.同时,本文还评价了我国新<金融企业会计制度>等规范对金融风险的披露和监管特征,分析了新制度对银行类上市公司所产生的影响,并提出了建立以风险计量会计披露为核心的监管体系的构想.本文最后对协同新巴塞尔协议的监管原则,建立完整的银行业信息披露框架,形成动态信息披露机制提出了一些建议.     

金融风险的信息质量特征与我国金融会计制度改革

本文着眼于巴塞尔新资本协议第三次征求意见稿提出的金融风险监管和信息披露框架。以我国金融会计制度的国际化协调为切入点，分析了信用风险、市场风险和操作风险等金融风险的构成要素。指出现有监管信息系统和会计体系存在的问题。同时，本文还评价了我国新《金融企业会计制度》等规范对金融风险的披露和监管特征，分析了新制度对银行类上市公司所产生的影响，并提出了建立以风险计量会计披露为核心的监管体系的构想。本文最后对协同新巴塞尔协议的监管原则，建立完整的银行业信息披露框架，形成动态信息披露机制提出了一些建议。     

我国银行间债券市场丙类账户监管问题研究

目前,我国债券市场交易主要集中在银行间债券市场,而开设丙类账户的机构投资者是该市场的主要参与力量,对其监管关系着债券市场整体监管的成败.我国银行间债券市场中丙类账户交易具有普遍性、隐蔽性、短时性、关联性等特点,给监管带来了很大的难度.本文对丙类账户的对敲、代持、内幕交易、利益输送等异常交易行为及风险进行探讨,从交易模式、信息披露模式、监管模式等方面分析了丙类账户交易问题产生的原因,提出发展做市商制度、建立信息披露制度、理顺监管体制等对策.     

并购重组过程中的信息泄露与财富转移北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文利用机构与个人投资者的持仓比例数据,分析检验了并购重组中存在的信息泄露问题与财富转移效应。实证结果表明,上市公司首次披露并购重组公告前,存在严重的信息泄露现象,机构投资者在交易时机与交易对象的选择上都明显占有优势,直接导致了不同投资者间出现显著的财富转移效应。进一步的分析还发现,信息泄露的现象在机构投资者持股比例较高的公司更容易出现,而在分析师关注程度较高、资产规模较大的公司则较少出现。这些发现有助于人们了解并购过程中存在的信息泄露现象,辩证地看待机构投资者所扮演的角色,并探寻了信息泄露在不同类型企业中存在的可能性,这对改进监管层政策法规、规范企业信息披露制度以及保护中小投资者利益都有着重要的启示作用。     

我国互联网金融风险监管研究

伴随着互联网金融快速发展过程中蕴藏风险的累积与暴露,加强互联网金融风险监管刻不容缓。本文分析了互联网金融的风险特征和主要类型,从制度因素和非制度因素的角度研究了互联网金融风险的成因,并从监管主体、目标和原则、监管思路以及具体途径等方面,提出了完善我国互联网金融风险监管的对策建议。     

互联网金融发展对商业银行运营的风险冲击研究

本文重点对互联网金融给商业银行运营带来的风险冲击进行研究。目前的互联网金融模式下，涉及客户资金交易风险控制的开户认证、交易支付等环节，仍主要依赖于银行实现，而交易支付中的信息停留在前端互联网企业，信息的相互割裂增大了银行运营中的风险，风险向银行传导的途径增多，对银行风险管理带来较大影响。其中第三方支付机构存在多头接入、支付交易、洗钱套现和信息泄露等风险，P2P平台存在监管、声誉和违约转嫁等风险，电商平台存在信用卡套现、循环透支和虚假交易等风险，这三类与银行运营密切相关的互联网金融业态对银行运营潜在风险冲击最大。     

金融风险防范力度将不断加大

<正>近日,国家多部门正密集谋划一揽子金融防风险新举措。其中,针对六类金融机构、中小银行风险等一批监管补短板政策正在酝酿出台。此外,针对非法集资等非法金融活动的整治也将持续升级,与之相配套的全国统一的金融风险监控平台正在加快建设中。有关人士分析,随着全方位防范和化解金融风险政策的渐次落地,下一步监管层将进一步补齐制度短板,并针对重点领域风险进行精准处置,守住不发生系统性金融风险将成为监管底线。     

并购重组前的知情交易行为研究

并购重组中基于内幕信息的知情交易行为既是监管重点,也是学术界关注的热点问题。本文以2006—2020年我国上市公司并购重组事件为样本,考察并购重组前的知情交易行为对并购公告收益的影响。研究发现：并购重组前的知情交易行为引发了主并公司股价的提前反应,从而降低了并购公告时的市场反应,这一现象是由内幕信息泄露引起,且内幕信息主要来源于包括员工在内的公司内部人,而非机构投资者。进一步分析表明,改善信息环境可以有效缓解并购重组的信息泄露问题,体现为知情购买交易的信息泄露效应受到分析师跟踪、审计质量和问询函制度的有效制约。本文研究深化了现有的并购重组内幕交易行为研究,为实施精准监管和防范内幕交易等政策提供了一定参考和依据。     

跨境人民币结算业务中的洗钱风险与防范

跨境人民币结算业务的深入发展使得跨境反洗钱工作任务更加艰巨。在宽松的政策环境下,跨境人民币结算在客户身份识别、交易真实性审核、大额和可疑交易识别监测以及个人跨境人民币业务等方面存在不同程度的洗钱风险,亟需通过健全跨境人民币结算业务法律体系、完善跨境资金流动监管体系等手段强化监管。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.