人寿保险行业市场结构及影响因素研究

准入退出壁垒、市场集中度、规模经济和范围经济以及产品差异化等是影响人寿保险业市场结构的主要因素。中国保险市场准入、退出的行政性政策壁垒较高,市场集中度较高,属于寡占 III 型市场结构;寿险业保费规模、保险密度、保险深度、保险资产总额占 GDP 的比重、保险资产总额占整个金融资产的比重较低;寿险产品同质化现象较严重。鉴此,应降低市场进入壁垒,建立市场退出机制,达到优化市场结构,提高资源配置效率目的。     

我国银行业的市场结构及效应分析

运用银行业市场结构的基本概念和理论所做的实证分析表明,我国四大国有商业银行的市场集中度高达８０％以上。然而,我国商业银行中并没有表现出明显的规模经济特征。由于市场进入壁垒的存在和市场有效退出机制的缺失使得中国银行业呈现出大银行垄断和低水平过度竞争并存在的格局。这种市场结构所引致的微观效应是：四大银行过度垄断,规模不经济;宏观效应是：银行体系信用萎缩,对实质经济缺乏有力支持。以新兴股份制商业银行和城     

我国银行业市场结构实证分析

本文采用季度数据分析我国银行业市场结构,发现自2013年民营银行获得市场准入资格以来,我国银行业的竞争程度并未发生明显变化,仍处于较低水平。由此,建议通过增量改革,以及发展壮大中小商业银行,继续降低我国银行业市场集中度,同时完善相关法律和监管制度,规范银行市场退出机制,建立和发展存款保险制度。     

我国烟草业市场结构分析

本文利用决定市场结构的主要因素(市场份额、市场集中度、企业规模、产品差别化、空间分布、市场进入与退出壁垒)来对烟草业市场结构进行分析。另外企业和产业发展、市场变化、经济发展等也对烟草业市场结构具有一定影响。因此,对我国烟草业的市场结构进行分析,将有利于提高烟草业市场绩效。     

中国信托业市场结构特征与决定因素的实证研究

利用我国43家信托公司2008-2012年的面板数据,通过构建信托业Panzar-Rosse模型,对中国信托市场结构的特征进行了实证研究。发现我国信托市场整体上属于垄断竞争的市场结构,且竞争性比较明显。此外还指出了造成我国信托市场结构特征的决定因素主要包括我国信托市场的市场集中度呈逐年下降、信托产品的同质化现象比较突出、市场进入和退出壁垒较高、区域分割特征比较明显等。     

对沈阳市银行业现状的调查

沈阳市银行业在整个国民经济生活中起着重要的联系和沟通作用。目前沈阳市有国有独资商业银行 4家、其他商业银行 6家、城市合作银行2家。其他商业银行包括交通银行、中信实业银行、光大银行、华夏银行、广东发展银行和招商银行。本文试图从市场结构的角度来分析一下沈阳地区目前的银行业现状。决定市场结构的主要因素有 :集中度、产品差别化和新企业的进入壁垒。1、从集中度的角度分析。市场集中度是用于表示在具体某个产业或市场中 ,买者或卖者具有什么样的相对的规模结构的指标。这里讨论的是卖者的市场集中度。根据最新的统计数据 ,我们…     

中国银行业市场结构的实证分析与综合评价

通过对中国银行业市场集中度、规模经济性、进入壁垒及退出壁垒的实证分析,发现中国银行业新兴力量发展缓慢,四大寡头的垄断地位在短期之内难以动摇.由于国有银行太大,新兴银行太小,缺少大小适度的中等银行过渡,致使整个行业呈现出头重脚轻、两极分化的市场结构特征和两种形式各异的规模不经济状态.无论是新银行进入市场,还是在位银行退出市场,都面临着各种层层高筑的市场壁垒,致使劣势银行难以清除,产业结构优化受到限制.     

我国商业银行集中度和市场结构分析

本文运用市场集中率指标、贝恩竞争结构分类法和赫芬达尔指数分析了我国银行业的市场集中度和市场结构,并指出居高不下的市场进入壁垒是导致我国银行业市场垄断程度高的主要原因,这种壁垒表现为政策法制壁垒、规模壁垒、产品差异壁垒和绝对成本壁垒。     

中国证券市场结构与规制制度分析

本文通过对影响证券市场结构的市场集中度、业务差别化和市场进入退出壁垒等三个因素的考察，发现我国证券市场既具有较强竞争性的垄断竞争市场特征，又具有完全垄断市场特征的相悖现象，通过分析，得出证券规制是造成这一现象的根本原因，并据此提出了为完善市场结构进行规制制度改革的具体措施。     

汽车信贷市场结构分析

本文从管理经济学理论的角度出发,从市场集中度、产品差异化程度和进出壁垒等三个方面上对汽车贷款产品市场结构进行了分析,并指出了商业银行的最优策略。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.