农村新型合作医疗可持续发展的几个关键

中国的合作医疗制度曾经为改变农村缺医少药的局面、迅速提高农民的健康水平作出过巨大贡献.但从上世纪80年代初开始,由于农业生产家庭承包制的实施、制度内在的缺陷、公共支持的削弱等原因,合作医疗纷纷解体,农村卫生制度与经济制度一起经历了剧烈的市场化改革.经济市场化促进了农村社会整体经济效率的提高,而医药卫生领域的过度市场化,增大了农民特别是贫困群体的健康风险.当前,"因病致贫、因病返贫"或"有病不治"已成为制约农村经济发展,影响农村社会稳定的一个重要因素.为此,2002年10月,中共中央和国务院联合发布了<关于进一步加强农村卫生工作的决定>,强调到2010年,要在全国建立起以大病统筹为主的新型合作医疗制度.合作医疗制度起起落落的发展经验表明,光有满腔的热情是不够的,制度的可持续性是新型合作医疗成败的关键.     

新型农村合作医疗逆向选择问题研究——以山东省X市为例

新型农村合作医疗制度自2003年实施以来,在改善农民健康状况,减轻农民负担方面发挥了重大作用.但由于制度缺陷导致的逆向选择问题,将会阻碍其健康发展.因此,本文以山东省×市新型农村合作医疗为例,设计调查问卷收集关于农民参合情况的信息,运用二元logistic模型对影响农户参合行为的因素进行实证分析,来证实逆向选择问题的存在,并给出解决逆向选择问题的建议.     

关于农村新型合作医疗制度现状分析与绩效的调查报告——以江苏省B市为例

新型农村合作医疗保险的覆盖范围已经扩大到全国农村,本文通过对江苏省B市的实地调研数据进行分析,发现:农民对农村新型合作医疗保险的认识不够;对合作医疗保险了解途径主要通过村干部走访的方式;被调查农民大部分都在参加新农合的基础上还参加了其他保险.农民对农村新型合作医疗保险也提出了自己的建议,认为新农合在资金管理、报销、服务水平、补偿范围都存在不同程度的缺陷,因此,政府应该切实加强对医疗服务和药品经营的管理,提高服务的质量,保证基金运作的透明性、公平性,简化转院报销手续,力求政策的长期性和稳定性,充分保障农民的合法权利,使农民得到切实利益.     

关于完善新型农村合作医疗制度的探讨

农村合作医疗制度是农民通过互助共济、共同抵御疾病风险的制度。早在1995年建立的农村合作医疗制度曾为农民提供了基本医疗服务。80年代初，农村集体生产改革为家庭联产承包制，合作医疗制度的作用弱化甚至瓦解。从1991年起，上海郊区农村重新恢复建立起合作医疗制度，     

试论农村新型合作医疗保险中的不足与改进建议

建立健全农村新型合作医疗保险制度是我国全面实现小康社会的必然要求,同时它还是我国农村建设的一项基础性工作.我国大多数为农村地区,农村人口众多,作为一项惠及农民利益的新型合作医疗制度,从2003年确定执行以来,取得了良好的效果.但是,在实施过程中产生了一系列的问题.面对我国当下的情况,尤其是十八大再次强调的到2020年全面建成小康社会的设想,文章重点讨论了我国在推进新型合作医疗保险制度时出现的相关问题以及解决相关问题的建议.     

农民新型合作医疗“江阴模式”为什么越办越红火？

江阴市位于长江三角洲,是中国民族工业和乡镇工业的发源地,也是全国率先推行农民新型合作医疗的发源地,被专家称为“江阴模式”。在“江阴模式”的推动下,目前江苏全省参加新型合作医疗保险的农民已达824万人,全国各地来江阴考察学习农民新型合作医疗的达98批次。     

金融部门支持新型农村合作医疗工作要把握四个基点

作为甘肃省最早开展新型农村合作医疗试点工作的5个县之一,山丹县的试点工作于2003年开始启动,已取得阶段性成果,每年参加新型合作医疗的农民保持在13.5万人,四年参合率均达90%以上,同时对参加合作医疗的13.04万人进行了免费健康体检,体检率达到96.45%.     

六大难题困扰新型农村合作医疗

卫生部统计显示，截至2004年10月31日，全国31个省、自治区、直辖市共有333个县（市）开展了新型农村合作医疗试点工作，实际参加新型合作医疗的农民8000多万，“参合率”为75.2％。合作医疗保障农民医疗需求的作用初步显现。     

关于农村新型合作医疗制度现状分析与绩效的调查报告——以江苏省B市为例

新型农村合作医疗保险的覆盖范围已经扩大到全国农村,本文通过对江苏省B市的实地调研数据进行分析,发现：农民对农村新型合作医疗保险的认识不够;对合作医疗保险了解途径主要通过村干部走访的方式：被调查农民大部分都在参加新农合的基础上还参加了其他保险。农民对农村新型合作医疗保险也提出了自己的建议,认为新农合在资金管理、报销、服务水平、补偿范围都存在不同程度的缺陷,因此,政府应该切实加强对医疗服务和药品经营的管理,提高服务的质量,保证基金运作的透明性、公平性,简化转院报销手续．力求政策的长期性和稳定性,充分保障农民的合法权利,使农民得到切实利益。     

完善农村合作医疗制度的建议

农村合作医疗制度是农民通过互助共济、共同抵御疾病风险的制度。1991年上海市郊区农村重新恢复合作医疗制度以来，农民的基本医疗保障水平有很大的提高。但在实施过程中也还存在一些问题。本文通过对上海市郊9个区(县)的调查，就如何完善合作医疗制度，提些建议。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

我国助学贷款改革刍议--"双担保"机制设计

国家新出台的助学贷款政策,还不过是既有的框架下的局部调整,存在诸多不完善的地方。为此,对国家助学贷款应构建高校与就业单位的“双担保”机制。从长期来看,要构建一个系统有效的“政府部门管理和商业银行运作相结合”、“多层次、多渠道、多方式”、“担保和非担保、贴息和非贴息、市场和非市场运作互相补充”的中国教育金融框架。     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。