Analyst Coverage and Financing Decisions

We provide evidence that analyst coverage affects security issuance. First, firms covered by fewer analysts are less likely to issue equity as opposed to debt. They issue equity less frequently, but when they do so, it is in larger amounts. Moreover, these firms depend more on favorable market conditions for their equity issuance decisions. Finally, debt ratios of less covered firms are more affected by Baker and Wurgler's (2002) “external finance‐weighted” average market‐to‐book ratio. These results are consistent with market timing behavior associated with information asymmetry, as well as behavior implied by dynamic adverse selection models of equity issuance.     

The Two Faces of Analyst Coverage

We find that positive excess (strong) analyst coverage is associated with overvaluation and low future returns. This finding is consistent with the view that excessive analyst coverage, driven by investment banking incentives and analyst self-interests, raises investor optimism causing share prices to trade above fundamental value. However, weak analyst coverage causes stocks to trade below fundamental values. This finding indicates that investors tend to believe that these firms are more likely to be plagued by information asymmetries and agency problems. The results remain robust after controlling for the possible endogenous nature of analyst coverage and analysts' self-selection bias.     

Intangible Assets and Corporate Signaling

Research and development (R&D) and advertising expenditures often result in patents, technologies and brand names which are difficult to accurately value. Under current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) these intangible assets are generally not recognized in the financial statements, but instead are expensed in the period that they occur. Prior studies note that the market-to-book ratios of firms with significant levels of R&D and advertising expenditures suggest that investors, at least partially, value these assets. Researchers and practitioners argue that current GAAP, by not recognizing these intangible assets, reduces the usefulness and relevance of accounting reports.We investigate whether companies with significant levels of intangible assets are more likely to emphasize dividend increases and stock repurchases (which are generally perceived as signaling favorable investment opportunities), instead of traditional accounting disclosures, as a means of overcoming adverse selection. Because these assets are difficult to measure, cash distributions may be viewed as a more credible means of signaling firm value to investors. Using analysts' ratings of firms' accounting disclosures, we find that companies with higher levels of R&D and advertising expenditures are less likely to provide extensive accounting disclosures and instead tend to employ dividend and stock repurchase signals. We obtain these results even after controlling for other firm attributes, such as size, stock returns performance, leverage, liquidity and investors' expectations of growth opportunities. We also find that the market reaction to dividend increase and stock repurchase announcements is greater for firms with higher levels of R&D and advertising expenditures, indicating that these announcements are more informative for such firms.     

技术类无形资产和技术类无形资产评估常见问题的探析

本文首先介绍了技术类无形资产的概念,重点对在评估实务中的一些常见的问题从评估方法、术阶段判断等做了较为详尽的剖析。进而详细地叙述了影响技术类无形资产价值的因素,文章选用参数、技术类无形资产定位、技术类无形资产所处技     

The First Analyst Coverage of Neglected Stocks

We examine the first analyst coverage of 549 “neglected” stocks that publicly traded at least one year without research coverage. The stocks experience a +4.86% abnormal return at initiation announcement. Positive returns are driven by positive coverage and not the mere introduction of coverage. Initiations from investment banks elicit lower announcement returns if the bank had a prior business relationship with the covered firm. Research firms paid by the covered company to provide coverage elicit announcement returns that are not significantly different from other analysts. Announcement returns are also influenced by liquidity increases and factors consistent with downward-sloping demand curves.     

对我国无形资产准则的一些思考

本文在对我国无形资产认识和核算中存在的问题进行分析的基础上 ,提出拓展无形资产的内容 ,改进研发费用核算方法 ,充分披露无形资产会计信息等若干建议。     

无形资产评估（下）——-曼彻斯特商学院企业研究中心报告

如何选择恰当的评估方法某些评估方法针对某些目的的评估最适当,下表列出无形资产评估的一些主要评估目的和适用的评估方法:依据<无形资产评估>(安达信公司1992年的特别报告P254号)分类无形资产评估版权评估版权,是指受法律保护的著作权所有人的各项专有权利。版权所有者通常是其作者,包括艺术家、作曲家或公司(如果作品是公司职员上班时间工作完成)。版权(文学、音乐、戏剧和艺术作品的)所有者有权允许或禁止有版权的出版物的发行。这包括再版全部或部分作品、出版、销售出版物或发表该项作品等。注意:作品并不是必须出版才享有版权。与专…     

无形资产会计问题探讨

在经济全球化和知识经济的时代背景下,现有的无形资产会计实操与理论已经不能完全适应知识经济的要求。所以改进现行无形资产会计的缺陷与不足,寻求与知识经济时代相吻合的无形资产会计处理方法成为当务之急。本文分析、总结了我国无形资产的确定、划分、计量和摊销,在此基础上提出了完善我国无形资产确认、计量、信息披露的改进策略。     

也谈无形资产评估的重要

两家规模、硬件设施、经营范围和方式大抵相当的企业几乎同时开业,没过多久,一家经营的红红火火（A公司）,一家是奄奄一息,面临清算（B公司）。这时评估师接手对两家公司进行评估,从有形的资产层面来讲两家难分伯仲,但因无形资产的区别很大,他们的结局却是两重天。     

论无形资产价值及其评估风险

对无形资产的价值确认及存在的问题进行了阐述,对自创无形资产的评估方法及其风险进行了论述和分析,提出应以评估价值作为自创无形资产的入账价值。     

Intangible Assets and Firms' Disclosures: An Empirical Investigation

This study examines how research and development (R&38;D) and advertising expenditures affect firms' disclosures. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) mandate that these expenditures be immediately expensed in financial reports, despite the fact that they often benefit the firm for longer periods. Prior studies find, however, that investors consider intangible assets in their valuation of firms. These studies argue that current GAAP, by not recognizing the value generated by these assets, severely impairs the usefulness of accounting reports. I investigate if firms with higher levels of R&38;D and advertising expenditures place greater reliance on voluntary, and therefore more flexible, disclosures such as voluntary publications and investor relations. Using analysts' ratings of firms' disclosures, I find that firms with higher levels of intangible assets are more likely to receive significantly higher ratings for their investor relations programs or voluntary publications than for their annual reports. These findings suggest that firms with higher levels of intangible assets emphasize supplemental disclosures because mandated accounting disclosures inadequately present their financial performance. These results have important policy implications for regulators and investors since they indicate that voluntary disclosures, which are unregulated and unaudited, are an important means of disclosure for these firms.     

Do Initial Public Offering Firms Purchase Analyst Coverage with Underpricing?

We report that initial public offering (IPO) underpricing is positively related to analyst coverage by the lead underwriter and to the presence of an all‐star analyst on the research staff of the lead underwriter. These findings are robust to controls for other determinants of underpricing and to controls for the endogeneity of underpricing and analyst coverage. In addition, we find that the probability of switching underwriters between IPO and seasoned equity offering is negatively related to the unexpected amount of post‐IPO analyst coverage. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that underpricing is, in part, compensation for expected post‐IPO analyst coverage from highly ranked analysts.     

Intangible Marketing Assets: A Managerial Accounting Perspective

Intangible marketing assets, such as brand strength, product image and reputation, appear to be of growing significance to companies. This paper seeks to offer a management accounting perspective on intangible marketing assets. A typology is developed that categorises related constructs, hitherto referred to, somewhat broadly, as marketing assets. The typology (1) redefines intangible marketing assets from an accounting perspective, and (2) identifies the inputs and outputs of the intangible marketing asset management process. The traditional accounting methods afforded to intangible marketing assets are noted, together with their adverse implications for asset development. It is suggested that management accounting should develop a method of accounting for such assets that is more consistent with supporting longer-term corporate objectives.     

Intangible Assets, Information Complexity, and Analysts' Earnings Forecasts

Abstract:   We examine the relation between analysts' earnings forecasts and firms' intangible assets, including technology‐based intangibles, brand names, and recognized intangibles. We predict that high information complexity of intangible assets increases the difficulty for analysts to assimilate information and increases analysts' forecast error of intangibles‐intensive firms. We find a positive association between analysts' forecast error and the firm's intangible intensity that deviates from the industry norm. We also find that analysts' forecast errors are greater for firms with diverse and innovative technologies. In contrast, analysts' forecast errors are smaller for biotech/pharmaceutical and medical equipment firms that are subject to intangibles‐related regulation.     

知识经济下无形资产计量问题研究

无形资产是无实物形态的资本性资产，从会计的角度看，知识经济最大的特点是无形资产占整个社会资产的比重得以增加。目前无形资产计量中存在许多问题，如尚未形成对无形资产价值实行全面管理的体系、对无形资产投资价值计量不合理、无形资产价值核算方法比较混乱、对无形资产摊销方法的规定不合理。应增加无形资产项目核算的内容，改善核算方法，对无形资产进行正确计量。     

解释公告第32号--无形资产:网站成本

国际会计准则理事会于近期出版了《国际财务报告准则》 2 0 0 3年合订本。 2 0 0 3年合订本与 2 0 0 2年合订本相比 ,主要变动 :( 1)新发布了 1项解释公告 (《解释公告第 32号———网站成本》) ,( 2 )修订了《国际会计准则第 19号———雇员福利》① 和国际会计准则委员会基金会章程 ② ,( 3)以新的《国际财务报告准则前言》③ 取代了原来的《国际会计准则公告前言》 ,( 4 )以新的《国际财务报告解释委员会前言》取代了原来的《常设解释委员会解释公告前言》。这里刊出新发布的《解释公告第 32号———网站成本》以及新的《国际财务报告解释委员会前言》 ,以方便读者学习参考。     

高校无形资产的来源、特征及管理研究

高校无形资产的含义有广义与狭义之分,其管理包括权属管理和价值管理两个方面。高校无形资产有其独有的来源和特征。目前无形资产管理是高校资产管理的一个薄弱环节,存在着诸多问题。在权属管理方面,应加大宣传力度,理顺管理体制,建立健全管理机制,规范无形资产使用、处置管理,加强产权管理,建立激励机制。在价值管理方面,应修订会计制度,补充完善核算规定,规范核算方法和报表披露办法,完善会计核算和评估体系。     

无形资产评估之国际发展评析

一、无形资产在现代经济、知识经济中的重要地位 无形资产是科学技术、社会生产力发展到一定阶段的必然产物.在工业革命以来的传统经济模式下,虽然在某些产业中,专利、专有技术等对提高生产效率、降低成本、增加企业经济效益等也发挥了重要作用,但总体上经济的增长和企业的发展主要靠资本、土地等传统生产要素的投入,无形资产发挥作用只是个别行业的个别现象,没有成为各产业中重要的资源,人们也没有形成对无形资产的普遍重视.20世纪下半叶特别是80年代以来,信息、通讯、交通、管理等领域技术水平迅速发展,使得无形资产成为各国经济增长和企业发展的重要推动力,无形资产的重要作用已成为各产业的普遍现象.     

企业无形资产资本化与分析师盈余预测:理论分析与实证检验

与现有的基于"价值相关性"的无形资产研究不同,本文从资本市场最专业的财务报表使用者———证券分析师的视角出发,研究了财务报表对无形资产反映的充分程度,即无形资产资本化对分析师盈余预测的影响,并进行实证检验。检验的结果表明,企业无形资产资本化程度与分析师盈余预测跟随、盈余预测误差、盈余预测分散性皆呈"负相关"关系。企业无形资产资本化程度越高,分析师盈余预测跟随次数越少,分析师盈余预测误差越小,分析师之间的盈余预测分歧越小,并且对于无形资产价值占公司总价值比例较高的公司,这种负相关关系更为显著。     

无形资产信息披露及其价值相关性研究——来自上海股市的经验证据

本文以上海证券交易所上市的股票作为研究对象 ,考察无形资产对企业经营活动的作用 ,并检验无形资产的价值相关性。试图摸清我国上市公司无形资产的家底 ,分析无形资产在我国上市公司经营活动中所起的作用 ,检验我国投资者对无形资产的定价以及评价和改进我国上市公司对无形资产的信息披露。研究结果表明 ,无形资产对企业的经营活动发挥了重要贡献 ,上市公司披露的无形资产与股价之间存在显著的正相关关系。在此基础上 ,考察并分析了披露和没有披露无形资产具体构成这两种分类样本的情况 ,讨论了目前我国上市公司在无形资产信息披露方面存在的问题 ,并提出了相应的政策建议